Interface and energy band manipulation of Bi2O3-Bi2S3 electrode enabling advanced magnesium-ion storage

Rechargeable magnesium-ion(Mg-ion)batteries have attracted wide attention for energy storage.However,magnesium anode is still limited by the irreversible Mg plating/stripping procedure.Herein,a well-designed binary Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)S_(3)(BO-BS)heterostructure is fulfilled by virtue of the cooperative interface and energy band engineering targeted fast Mg-ion storage.The built-in electronic field resulting from the asymmetrical electron distribution at the interface of electron-rich S center at Bi_(2)S_(3) side and electron-poor O center at Bi_(2)O_(3) side effectively accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics in the Mg-ion battery system.Moreover,the as-designed heterogenous interface also benefits to maintaining the electrode integrity.With these advantages,the BO-BS electrode displays a remarkable capacity of 150.36 mAh g^(−1) at 0.67 A g^(-1) and a superior cycling stability.This investigation would offer novel insights into the rational design of functional heterogenous electrode materials targeted the fast reaction kinetics for energy storage systems.

Diffusionless-Like Transformation Unlocks Pseudocapacitance with Bulk Utilization: Reinventing Fe_(2)O_(3) in Alkaline Electrolyte

Energy density can be substantially raised and even maximized if the bulk of an electrode material is fully utilized.Transition metal oxides based on conversion reaction mechanism are the imperative choice due to either constructing nanostructure or intercalation pseudocapacitance with their intrinsic limitations.However,the fully bulk utilization of transition metal oxides is hindered by the poor understanding of atomic-level conversion reaction mechanism,particularly it is largely missing at clarifying how the phase transformation(conversion reaction)determines the electrochemical performance such as power density and cyclic stability.Herein,α-Fe_(2)O_(3) is a case provided to claim how the diffusional and diffusionless transformation determine the electrochemical behaviors,as of its conversion reaction mechanism with fully bulk utilization in alkaline electrolyte.Specifically,the discharge productα-FeOOH diffusional from Fe(OH)2 is structurally identified as the atomic-level arch criminal for its cyclic stability deterioration,whereas the counterpartδ-FeOOH is theoretically diffusionless-like,unlocking the full potential of the pseudocapacitance with fully bulk utilization.Thus,such pseudocapacitance,in proof-of-concept and termed as conversion pseudocapacitance,is achieved via diffusionless-like transformation.This work not only provides an atomic-level perspective to reassess the potential electrochemical performance of the transition metal oxides electrode materials based on conversion reaction mechanism but also debuts a new paradigm for pseudocapacitance.

Anlotinib suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma through a process potentially involving VEGFR-3 signaling

Objective:Lymphatic metastasis is one of the leading causes of malignancy dispersion in various types of cancer.However,few anti-lymphangiogenic drugs have been approved for clinical use to date.Therefore,new therapies to block lymphangiogenesis are urgently required.Methods:Immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,Western blot,migration assays,and lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis assays were used.Results:Anlotinib,a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,suppressed the rate of new metastatic lesions(31.82%in the placebo arm and 18.18%in the anlotinib arm)in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in our ALTER-0303 study.D2-40+-lymphatic vessel density was strongly correlated with disease stage,metastasis,and poor prognosis in 144 Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma.In mice bearing A549EGFP tumors,tumor lymphatic vessel density,tumor cell migration to lymph nodes,and the number of distant metastatic lesions were lower in the anlotinib group than in the controls.Anlotinib inhibited the growth and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cells(hLECs)and lymphangiogenesisin vitro andin vivo.Treatment of hLECs with anlotinib downregulated phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR-3).Conclusions:Anlotinib inhibits lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis,probably through inactivating VEGFR-3 phosphorylation.The results indicate that anlotinib may be beneficial for treatment in avoiding lymphangiogenesis and distant lymphatic metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.(Trial registration:ALTER0303;NCT02388919;March 17,2015.)

Efficient ORR catalysts for zinc-air battery: Biomass-derived ultra-stable Co nanoparticles wrapped with graphitic layers via optimizing electron transfer

The poor stability of non-noble metal catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is a main bottleneck that limits their big-scale application in metal-air batteries. Herein, we construct a chainmail catalyst(Co-NC-AD) with outstanding stability, via the competitive complexation and post absorption strategy,consisting of highly graphitic layers wrapped uniform-size Co nanoparticles(Co-NPs). Experiments combined with density functional theory(DFT) calculations jointly confirmed that the electron transfer occurred from the inner Co-NPs to the external graphitic layers. It facilitated the adsorption process of oxygen molecules and the hybridization of the O-2 p and C-1 p orbitals, which accelerated the ORR reaction kinetics. Consequently, our prepared Co-NC-AD shows excellent ORR activity, offered with a more positive initial potential(E_(onset)= 0.95 V) and half-wave potential(E_(1/2)= 0.86 V). The remarkable stability and resistance of methanol poisoning are merited from the protection effect of stable graphitic layers. In addition, the high electrochemical performance of Co-NC-AD-based zinc-air battery demonstrates their potential for practical applications. Therefore, our work provides new ideas for the design of nanoconfined catalysts with high stability and activity.

Characterization of integrons and novel cassette arrays in bacteria from clinical isloates in China,2000-2014

Rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates is an increasing problem in China. Integron, a conserved DNA sequence, which is carried on episomal genetic structures, plays a very important role in development of antibiotic resistance. This systematic analysis was based on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We summarized the distribution and proportion of different types of gene cassette arrays ofintegrons （including class 1, 2, 3 and atypical class 1 integron） from clinical bacteria isolates in China. Fifty-six literatures were included in this study. Most of the strains were Gram-negative bacteria （94.1%, 7,364/7,822） while only 5.9% strains were Gram- positive bacteria. Class 1 integrons were detected in 54.2% （3956/7295） Gram-negative strains, aadA2 was the most popular gene cassette array detected from 60 Gram-positive bacteria while dfrA 17-aadA5 were detected in 426 Gram- negative bacteria. This study identified 12 novel gene cassette arrays which have not been previously found in any species. All the novel gene cassette arrays were detected from Gram-negative bacteria. A regional characteristic of distribution of integrons was presented in this study. The results highlight a need for continuous surveillance of integrons and provide a guide for future research on integron-mediated bacteria resistance.

Reinventing the mechanism of high-performance Bi anode in aqueous K^+ rechargeable batteries

Increasing attention has been paid to rechargeable aqueous batteries due to their high safety and low cost.However,they remain in their infancy because of the limited choice of available anode materials with high specific capacity and satisfying cycling performance.Bi metal with layered structure can act as an ideal anode material with high capacity;however,the energy storage mechanism has not well elucidated.Herein,we demonstrate that Bi metal enables affording ultra-high specific capacity(254.3 mAh g^-1),superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 88.8%after 1600 cycles.Different from the previously-reported redox reaction mechanisms of Bi electrode,efficient(de)alloying of K+is responsible for its excellent performance.An excellent aqueous Bi battery is fabricated by matching Bi anode with Co(OH)2 cathode in KOH(1 M)electrolyte.Its outstanding performance is quite adequate and competitive for electrochemical energy storage devices.

Bevacizumab promotes active biological behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by activating TG Fpi pathways via off-VEGF signaling

Objective:Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)with clear clinical benefits.However,overall survival of some cancer types remains low owing to resistance to bevacizumab therapy.While resistance is commonly ascribed to tumor cell invasion induced by hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF),less attention has been paid to the potential involvement of endothelial cells(ECs)in vasculature activated by anti-angiogenic drugs.Methods:Human umbilical vein ECs(HUVECs),bEnd.3 cells,and mouse retinal microvascular ECs(MRMECs)were treated with bevacizumab under conditions of hypoxia and effects on biological behaviors,such as migration and tube formation,examined.Regulatory effects on TGFpi and CD 105(endoglin)were established via determination o f protein and mRNA levels.We further investigated whether the effects of bevacizumab could be reversed using the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib.Results:Bevacizumab upregulated TGFpi as well as CD 105,a component o f the TGFP receptor complex and an angiogenesis promoter.Elevated CD 105 induced activation of Sm adl/5,the inflammatory pathway and endothelial-mesenchymal transition.The migration ability of HUVECs was enhanced by bevacizumab under hypoxia.Upregulation o f CD 105 was abrogated by anlotinib,which targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR2/3,FGFR1-4,PD G FRα/β,C-Kit,and RET.Conclusions:Bevacizumab promotes migration and tube formation of HUVECs via activation of the TGFβi pathway and upregulation of CD105 expression.Anlotinib reverses the effects of bevacizumab by inhibiting the above signals.

Sea surface wind speed retrieval from Sentinel-1 HH polarization data using conventional and neural network methods

Conventional retrieval and neural network methods are used simultaneously to retrieve sea surface wind speed(SSWS)from HH-polarized Sentinel-1(S1)SAR images.The Polarization Ratio(PR)models combined with the CMOD5.N Geophysical Model Function(GMF)is used for SSWS retrieval from the HH-polarized SAR data.We compared different PR models developed based on previous C-band SAR data in HH-polarization for their applications to the S1 SAR data.The recently proposed CMODH,i.e.,retrieving SSWS directly from the HHpolarized S1 data is also validated.The results indicate that the CMODH model performs better than results achieved using the PR models.We proposed a neural network method based on the backward propagation(BP)neural network to retrieve SSWS from the S1 HH-polarized data.The SSWS retrieved using the BP neural network model agrees better with the buoy measurements and ASCAT dataset than the results achieved using the conventional methods.Compared to the buoy measurements,the bias,root mean square error(RMSE)and scatter index(SI)of wind speed retrieved by the BP neural network model are 0.10 m/s,1.38 m/s and 19.85%,respectively,while compared to the ASCAT dataset the three parameters of training set are–0.01 m/s,1.33 m/s and 15.10%,respectively.It is suggested that the BP neural network model has a potential application in retrieving SSWS from Sentinel-1 images acquired at HH-polarization.

Architecture of Co-layered double hydroxide nanocages/graphene composite electrode with high electrochemical performance for supercapacitor

A facile hydrolysis method was applied to fabricate high-performance Co-layered double hydroxide（LDH）nanocages/graphene composites for supercapacitors. The materials exhibit enhanced rate capability than the counterpart electrode free of graphene while maintaining a high specific capacitance. In addition,such Co-LDH nanocages/graphene composites display an excellent cycling stability; the capacitance retention of Co-LDH nanocages/graphene composite electrode remains 90.4% after 10000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g（-1）. The integration of high capacity of double hydroxide and outstanding conductivity of graphene makes the delicately-designed composites promising candidates for electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Boosting the kinetics of PF_(6)^(-) into graphitic layers for the optimal cathode of dual-ion batteries:The rehearsal of pre-intercalating Li^(+)

Large anions exhibit slow diffusion kinetics in graphite cathode of dual-ion batteries(DIBs);particularly at high current density,it suffers severely from the largely-reduced interlayer utilization of graphite cathode,which as a bottleneck limits the fast charge application of DIBs.To maximize interlayer utilization and achieve faster anion diffusion kinetics,a fast and uncrowded anion transport channel must be established.Herein,Li^(+)was pre-intercalated into the graphite paper(GP)cathode to increase the interlayer spacing,and then hosted for the PF_(6)^(-)anion storage.Combined with theoretical calculation,it shows that the local interlayer spacing enlargement and the residual Li^(+)reduce the anion intercalation energy and diffusion barrier,leading to better rate stability.The obtained GP with Li^(+)pre-intercalation(GP-Li)electrode exhibits a discharge capacity of 23.1 m Ah g^(-1) at a high current of 1300 m A g^(-1).This work provides a facile method to efficiently improve the interlayer utilization of graphite cathode at large currents.

Non-layer-transformed Mn_(3)O_(4) cathode unlocks optimal aqueous magnesium-ion storage via synergizing amorphous ion channels and grain refinement

Aqueous rechargeable magnesium ion batteries(ARMBs) have obtained more attention due to the twoelectrons transfer nature, low cost and safety. However, the scarcity of cathode materials seriously hinders the development of ARMBs because of the unfavorable strong interaction between Mg^(2+) and cathode material. Herein, we choose a pre-treated spinel Mn_(3)O_(4) cathode for aqueous Mg^(2+) storage. The pretreatment in Na_(2)SO_(4) solution induces the grain refinement decorated with tortuous amorphous ion diffusion channels, facilitating the production of electrochemical reaction active sites and the diffusion of Mg^(2+), respectively, which achieve a(sub-)surface pseudocapacitance reaction between Mn(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅲ). As a result, the pre-treated Mn_(3)O_(4) cathode exhibits a package of optimal performances, i.e., a capacity of 98.9 m Ah g^(-1) and a high capacity retention rate of 99.4% after 2000 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, our work not only provides a new reaction mechanism of spinelMn_(3)O_(4) in aqueous batteries system,but also affords a high cycle stability electrode material for rechargeable Mg^(2+) energy storage.

Cross-Sectional Online Survey on Depression and Anxiety Among the Population Infected or Non-Infected with COVID-19——China,December 2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?The psychological impact of the large-scale infection of the population resulting from the end of lockdown measures in China during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is unknown.What is added by this report?Among all participants,55.7%had depression symptoms,with a significant difference between the infected and non-infected groups,and 30.1%had anxiety.Those who were young,unvaccinated,had lower incomes,and experienced chronic diseases were more likely to experience negative emotions.What are the implications for public health practice?Government officials should take into account the effect of policies on public sentiment during similar public health events and implement tailored community interventions to address any negative sentiment.

OsDMI3 Is a Novel Component of Abscisic Acid Signaling in the Induction of Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Rice

Ca^2＋ and calmodulin （CAM） have been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid （ABA）-induced anti- oxidant defense. However, it is unknown whether Ca^2＋/CaM-dependent protein kinase （CCaMK） is involved in the pro- cess. In the present study, the role of rice CCaMK, OsDMI3, in ABA-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of rice （Oryza sativa） plants. Treatments with ABA, H2O2, and polyethylene glycol （PEG） induced the expression of OsDMI3 and the activity of OsDMI3, and H2O2 is required for the ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activity of OsDMI3 under water stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsDMI3 is located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane. The analysis of the transient expression of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts and the RNA interference （RNAi） silencing of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts showed that OsDMI3 is required for ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT）. Further, the oxidative damage induced by higher concentrations of PEG and H202 was aggravated in the mutant of OsDMI3. Moreover, the analysis of the RNAi silencing of OsDMI3 in protoplasts and the mutant of OsDMI3 showed that higher levels of H2O2 accumulation require OsDMI3 activation in ABA signaling, but the initial H2O2 production induced by ABA is not depend- ent on the activation of OsDMI3 in leaves of rice plants. Our data reveal that OsDMI3 is an important component in ABA-induced antioxidant defense in rice.

High-density/efficient surface active sites on modified separators to boost Li-S batteries via atomic Co^(3+)-Se termination

Various and critical electrocatalytic processes are involved during the redox reactions in the Li-S batteries,which extremely depend on the surface structure and chemical state.Recently,single-atom concept unlocks a route to maximize the use of surface-active atoms,however,further increasing the density of active site is still strictly limited by the inherent structure that single-atoms are only highly-dispersed on substrate.Herein,we provide a viewpoint that an elaborate facet design with singlecrystalline structure engineering can harvest high-density surface active sites,which can significantly boost the electrocatalyst performance for excellent Li-S batteries.Specifically,the single-crystal CoSe_(2)(scCS)exhibits three-types of terminated(011)facet,efficiently obtaining the surface with a high-rich Co^(3+)–Se bond termination,in contrast with lots of surface grain boundaries and dangling bonds in polycrystalline CoSe_(2).Surprisingly,the surface active sites concentration can reach more than 69%.As anticipated,it can provide high-density and high-efficient active sites,enormously suppressing the shuttle effect and improving the reaction kinetics via accelerating the conversion and deposition of polysulfides and Li2S.This surface lattice strategy with element terminated mode is a promising approach for designing electrocatalyst effect-based energy system,not merely for Li-S batteries.

OsHK3 is a crucial regulator of abscisic acid signaling involved in antioxidant defense in rice

In this study, the role of the rice （Oryza sativa L.） histidine kinase OsHK3 in abscisic acid （ABA）-induced antioxidant defense was investigated. Treatments with ABA, H2O2, and polyethylene glycol （PEG） induced the expression of OsHK3 in rice leaves, and H2O2 is required for ABA-induced increase in the expression of OsHK3 under water stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsHK3 is located in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. The transient expression analysis and the transient RNA interference test in rice protoplasts showed that OsHK3 is required for ABA-induced upreguiation in the expression of antioxidant enzymes genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Further analysis showed that OsHK3 functions upstream of the calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsDMI3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK1 to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. Moreover, OsHK3 was also shown to regulate the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase genes, OsrbohB and OsrbohE, and the production of H2O2 in ABA signaling. Our data indicate that OsHK3 play an important role in the regulation of ABA-induced antioxidant defense and in the feedback regulation of H2O2 production in ABA signaling.

A GENERAL CLASS OF ONE-STEP APPROXIMATION FOR INDEX-1 STOCHASTIC DELAY-DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC *EQUATIONS

This paper develops a class of general one-step discretization methods for solving the index-1 stochastic delay differential-algebraic equations. The existence and uniqueness theorem of strong solutions of index-1 equations is given. A strong convergence criterion of the methods is derived, which is applicable to a series of one-step stochastic numerical methods. Some specific numerical methods, such as the Euler-Maruyama method, stochastic ^-methods, split-step ^-methods are proposed, and their strong convergence results are given. Numerical experiments further illustrate the theoretical results.

Combined nanosuspensions from two natural active ingredients for cancer therapy with reduced side effects

Tumor drug resistance and systemic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are the main reasons for the failure of cancer treatment.In recent years,it was found that some natural active ingredients can reverse MDR and regulate body immunity to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs.In this paper,a new nanosuspensions,HCPT and QUR hybrid nanosuspensions(HQ-NPs),was prepared by the microprecipitation-high pressure homogenization method to reverse tumor drug resistance,reduce toxicity,and increase therapeutic efficacy.The in vitro investigation results showed that HQ-NPs had a unique shape(particle size was about 216.3±5.9 nm),changed crystalline,and different dissolution rates compared with HCPT-NPs and QUR-NPs,which is attributed to the strong intermolecular forces between HCPT and QUR as indicated by the results of the molecule dock.It was verified that the HQ-NPs could double the retention of HCPT in cells and enhance the cytotoxicity to A549/PTX cells in vitro tests compared with HCPT-NPs.We also found that HQ-NPs can significantly enhance the accumulation of HCPT in tumor sites,improve the antitumor activity of HCPT,and protect the immune organs and other normal tissues(P<0.01),compared with HCPT-NPs.Therefore,hybrid nanosuspensions can offer promising potential as the drug delivery system for HCPT and QUR to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the toxicity of HCPT.

Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative C-H functionalization of cyclic aldimines with aliphatic carboxylic acids

Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative C–H alkylation of cyclic aldimines with abundant aliphatic carboxylic acids has been realized under mild reaction conditions generating the corresponding products in moderate to good yields(32%–91%).In addition,a gram-scale reaction,late-stage modification of drug,synthetic transformation of the product,and further application of the catalytic strategy were also performed.Preliminary studies indicate that the reaction undergoes a radical process.