BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;the...BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;these clinical characteristics result in poor prognosis. Surgical resection appears as an effective approach;however, because it is difficult to accurately diagnose NEC during the early stage and owing to its aggressive growth pattern, development of a reliable standard chemotherapy regimen and management strategies are essential. CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of patient with NEC showing an aggressive growth pattern that resulted in the rupture of the tumor to the outside the colon after stenting of the internal colonic stenosis. In addition, the tumor invaded into the duodenum, thereby causing duodenal stenosis that required an additional stent in the duodenum. This aggressive growth pattern is one of the main features of the NEC that is different from adenocarcinoma. To clarify the clinical characteristics, we reviewed 60 recently reported cases, including data on tumor location, size, treatment, and prognosis. CONCLUSION We consider that the information presented here is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms of the patients with NEC.展开更多
This paper describes the current research status of theλ-tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division-Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network(WDM/TDM-PON). This optical access system realizes new cost-effectiv...This paper describes the current research status of theλ-tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division-Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network(WDM/TDM-PON). This optical access system realizes new cost-effective operations from the network operator′s point of view.The main feature of the proposed system is that it aggressively exploits wavelength tunability.We classify the system configurations and applications.Then,we describe key technologies,namely newly developedλ-tuning burst-mode transceivers and a widely applicable Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwith Allocation(DWBA)algorithm.Finally,we summarize our research and discuss several issues related to the λ-tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division-MultiplexingPassive Optical Network(WDM/TDM-PON).展开更多
A simplified simulation method based on the FDTD technique that can handle active devices is proposed. This method well suits the electrical crosstalk analysis of multi-channel integrated, opto-electronic mixed module...A simplified simulation method based on the FDTD technique that can handle active devices is proposed. This method well suits the electrical crosstalk analysis of multi-channel integrated, opto-electronic mixed modules. We apply this method to an 8-channel integrated super-compact high-sensitivity optical module. The results show good agreement between simulations and measurements.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs;these clinical characteristics result in poor prognosis. Surgical resection appears as an effective approach;however, because it is difficult to accurately diagnose NEC during the early stage and owing to its aggressive growth pattern, development of a reliable standard chemotherapy regimen and management strategies are essential. CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of patient with NEC showing an aggressive growth pattern that resulted in the rupture of the tumor to the outside the colon after stenting of the internal colonic stenosis. In addition, the tumor invaded into the duodenum, thereby causing duodenal stenosis that required an additional stent in the duodenum. This aggressive growth pattern is one of the main features of the NEC that is different from adenocarcinoma. To clarify the clinical characteristics, we reviewed 60 recently reported cases, including data on tumor location, size, treatment, and prognosis. CONCLUSION We consider that the information presented here is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms of the patients with NEC.
基金Research and development of ultra high speed and low power consumption photonic network technology by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan
文摘This paper describes the current research status of theλ-tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division-Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network(WDM/TDM-PON). This optical access system realizes new cost-effective operations from the network operator′s point of view.The main feature of the proposed system is that it aggressively exploits wavelength tunability.We classify the system configurations and applications.Then,we describe key technologies,namely newly developedλ-tuning burst-mode transceivers and a widely applicable Dynamic Wavelength and Bandwith Allocation(DWBA)algorithm.Finally,we summarize our research and discuss several issues related to the λ-tunable Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division-MultiplexingPassive Optical Network(WDM/TDM-PON).
文摘A simplified simulation method based on the FDTD technique that can handle active devices is proposed. This method well suits the electrical crosstalk analysis of multi-channel integrated, opto-electronic mixed modules. We apply this method to an 8-channel integrated super-compact high-sensitivity optical module. The results show good agreement between simulations and measurements.
