Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuo...Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.展开更多
AIM： To investigate associations between the Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 and risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS： A case-control study was conducted with 315 colorectal cancer cases （105 colon, 210 rectal） and 439...AIM： To investigate associations between the Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 and risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS： A case-control study was conducted with 315 colorectal cancer cases （105 colon, 210 rectal） and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. Genomic DNA samples were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in CYP2E1 by PCR amplification followed by digestion with Rsa I. Information on smoking and alcohol drinking was collected using a questionnaire. Odds ratios （ORs） were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. RESULTS： The proportional distribution of the CYP2E1 Rsa I c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes were 61.4%, 35.6% and 3.0% in controls, 60.6%, 33.7% and 5.8% in colon cancer cases, and 58.4%, 34.0% and 7.7% in rectal cancer cases, respectively. A significant differencewas noted between controls and rectal cancer cases （P = 0.029）, the c2/c2 genotype being associated with elevated OR （adjusted age, sex and status of the smoking and alcohol drinking） for rectal cancer （1.64, 95% CI, 1.12-2.41, vs cl allele carriers）, but not for colon cancer. In interaction analysis between the CYP2E1 Rsa I genotype and smoking and drinking habits, we found a significant cooperative action between the c2/c2 genotype and alcohol drinking in the sex-, age-adjusted ORs for both colon （4.74, 95% CI, 1.10-20.40） and rectal （5.75, 95% CI, 1.65-20.05） cancers. Among nonsmokers, the CYP2E1 Rsa I c2/c2 genotype was also associated with elevated ORs in the two sites （1.95, 95% CI, 0.99-3.86 and 2.30, 95% CI, 1.32-3.99）. CONCLUSION： The results of the present study suggest that the CYP2E1 c2/c2 genotype increases susceptibility to rectal cancer and the gene-environmental interactions between the CYP2E1 polymorphism and smoking or alcohol drinking exist for colorectal neoplasia in general.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between drinking and polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-cont...AIM: To evaluate the relationship between drinking and polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 190 cases and 223 population-based controls. ADH2 Arg47His (G-A) and ALDH2 Glu487Lys (G-A)genotypes were identified by PCR and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Information on smoking and drinking was collected and odds ratio (OR) was estimated. RESULTS: The ADH2 A/A and ALDH2 G/G genotypes showed moderately increased CRC risk. The age- and smoking-adjusted OR for ADH2 A/A relative to G/A and G/G was 1.60 (95% CI=1.08-2.36), and the adjusted OR for ALDH2 G/G relative to G/A and A/A was 1.79 (95% CI=1.19-2.69). Signif icant interactions between ADH2, ALDH2 and drinking were observed. As compared to the subjects with ADH2 G and ALDH2 A alleles, those with ADH2 A/A and ALDH2 G/G genotypes had a signif icantly increased OR (3.05, 95% CI= 1.67-5.57). The OR for CRC among drinkers with the ADH2 A/A genotype was increased to 3.44 (95% CI= 1.84-6.42) compared with non-drinkers with the ADH2 G allele. The OR for CRC among drinkers with the ALDH2 G/G genotype was also increased to 2.70 (95% CI= 1.57-4.66) compared with non-drinkers with the ALDH2 A allele. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of the ADH2 and ALDH2 genes are significantly associated with CRC risk. There are also signifi cant gene-gene and gene- environment interactions between drinking and ADH2 and ALDH2 polymorphisms regarding CRC risk in Chinese males.展开更多
The plasma homocysteine concentration is a good indicator of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. This study examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine concentrations and d...The plasma homocysteine concentration is a good indicator of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. This study examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine concentrations and dietary habits in a population of elderly Japanese people from the Amami Islands. Data from 1131 participants collected during a baseline survey for the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort study, which is a prospective cohort study, were used. Information on dietary habits was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The plasma homocysteine concentration was associated with age in women only. Smoking in men and menopause were significantly associated with homocysteine concentrations. Analysis of blood biochemical data showed that estimate of glomerular filtration rate negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in women (R = ?0.91, p < 0.001) and men (R = ?0.49, p < 0.001). There was no common food associated with homocysteine concentrations among the groups, but in each group, some food types were associated with homocysteine concentrations. In men, Chinese tea was a common factor showing a negative correlation with homocysteine concentrations. Natto showed a negative correlation with homocysteine concentrations in non-smoking men (β = ?0.11, p < 0.05) and premenopausal women (β = ?0.20, p < 0.01). Eggs (β = ?0.21, p < 0.01) and food processed from fish eggs (β = ?0.21, p < 0.01) negatively correlated with homocysteine concentrations in smoking men. Miso soup (β = ?0.13, p < 0.01) and yoghurt (β = ?0.10, p < 0.05) negatively correlated with homocysteine concentrations in postmenopausal women. Consumption of folate-rich food did not necessarily correlate with a low plasma Hcy concentration.展开更多
文摘Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.
基金a Grant-in Aid for International Scientific Research, Special Cancer Research, No.11137311, from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, and by a Major International (Regional) Joint Research Projects, No. 30320140461 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘AIM： To investigate associations between the Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 and risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS： A case-control study was conducted with 315 colorectal cancer cases （105 colon, 210 rectal） and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. Genomic DNA samples were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in CYP2E1 by PCR amplification followed by digestion with Rsa I. Information on smoking and alcohol drinking was collected using a questionnaire. Odds ratios （ORs） were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. RESULTS： The proportional distribution of the CYP2E1 Rsa I c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes were 61.4%, 35.6% and 3.0% in controls, 60.6%, 33.7% and 5.8% in colon cancer cases, and 58.4%, 34.0% and 7.7% in rectal cancer cases, respectively. A significant differencewas noted between controls and rectal cancer cases （P = 0.029）, the c2/c2 genotype being associated with elevated OR （adjusted age, sex and status of the smoking and alcohol drinking） for rectal cancer （1.64, 95% CI, 1.12-2.41, vs cl allele carriers）, but not for colon cancer. In interaction analysis between the CYP2E1 Rsa I genotype and smoking and drinking habits, we found a significant cooperative action between the c2/c2 genotype and alcohol drinking in the sex-, age-adjusted ORs for both colon （4.74, 95% CI, 1.10-20.40） and rectal （5.75, 95% CI, 1.65-20.05） cancers. Among nonsmokers, the CYP2E1 Rsa I c2/c2 genotype was also associated with elevated ORs in the two sites （1.95, 95% CI, 0.99-3.86 and 2.30, 95% CI, 1.32-3.99）. CONCLUSION： The results of the present study suggest that the CYP2E1 c2/c2 genotype increases susceptibility to rectal cancer and the gene-environmental interactions between the CYP2E1 polymorphism and smoking or alcohol drinking exist for colorectal neoplasia in general.
基金(in part) A Grant-in Aid for International Scientifi c ResearchSpecial Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, No. 11137311Major International (Regional) Joint Research Projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), No. 30320140461
文摘AIM: To evaluate the relationship between drinking and polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 190 cases and 223 population-based controls. ADH2 Arg47His (G-A) and ALDH2 Glu487Lys (G-A)genotypes were identified by PCR and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Information on smoking and drinking was collected and odds ratio (OR) was estimated. RESULTS: The ADH2 A/A and ALDH2 G/G genotypes showed moderately increased CRC risk. The age- and smoking-adjusted OR for ADH2 A/A relative to G/A and G/G was 1.60 (95% CI=1.08-2.36), and the adjusted OR for ALDH2 G/G relative to G/A and A/A was 1.79 (95% CI=1.19-2.69). Signif icant interactions between ADH2, ALDH2 and drinking were observed. As compared to the subjects with ADH2 G and ALDH2 A alleles, those with ADH2 A/A and ALDH2 G/G genotypes had a signif icantly increased OR (3.05, 95% CI= 1.67-5.57). The OR for CRC among drinkers with the ADH2 A/A genotype was increased to 3.44 (95% CI= 1.84-6.42) compared with non-drinkers with the ADH2 G allele. The OR for CRC among drinkers with the ALDH2 G/G genotype was also increased to 2.70 (95% CI= 1.57-4.66) compared with non-drinkers with the ALDH2 A allele. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of the ADH2 and ALDH2 genes are significantly associated with CRC risk. There are also signifi cant gene-gene and gene- environment interactions between drinking and ADH2 and ALDH2 polymorphisms regarding CRC risk in Chinese males.
文摘The plasma homocysteine concentration is a good indicator of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. This study examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine concentrations and dietary habits in a population of elderly Japanese people from the Amami Islands. Data from 1131 participants collected during a baseline survey for the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort study, which is a prospective cohort study, were used. Information on dietary habits was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The plasma homocysteine concentration was associated with age in women only. Smoking in men and menopause were significantly associated with homocysteine concentrations. Analysis of blood biochemical data showed that estimate of glomerular filtration rate negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in women (R = ?0.91, p < 0.001) and men (R = ?0.49, p < 0.001). There was no common food associated with homocysteine concentrations among the groups, but in each group, some food types were associated with homocysteine concentrations. In men, Chinese tea was a common factor showing a negative correlation with homocysteine concentrations. Natto showed a negative correlation with homocysteine concentrations in non-smoking men (β = ?0.11, p < 0.05) and premenopausal women (β = ?0.20, p < 0.01). Eggs (β = ?0.21, p < 0.01) and food processed from fish eggs (β = ?0.21, p < 0.01) negatively correlated with homocysteine concentrations in smoking men. Miso soup (β = ?0.13, p < 0.01) and yoghurt (β = ?0.10, p < 0.05) negatively correlated with homocysteine concentrations in postmenopausal women. Consumption of folate-rich food did not necessarily correlate with a low plasma Hcy concentration.
