Existing Case of Transportation System in Turkey and Transportation Trends in Istanbul

Transportation sector is one of the most important elements of a country’s economy with its highway,railway,airway and seaway modes,besides the information and communication infrastructure.Transportation sector has a pattern that affects the society continuously with its economic and social inputs that has a significant role in economies of countries in terms of being an important part of manufacturing process and effects of sizable investments on economy.Demands of more comfortable,more reliable,more safe and more punctual transport in developing economy is an arising trend worldwide and this shows an increase the importance of the transportation sector.Establishment of an efficient and functional transportation system is closely related with traffic safety,intermodal integration and balanced modal distribution.In Turkey,an important improvement has been achieved in these issues,but also some basic constitutive problems are still continuing.These constitutional problems can be summarized as providing traffic safety,integration of innovative implementations to transportation system,enhancing of infrastructure and an effective usage of existing infrastructure.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

Privacy Regulation,Spatial Culture,and Communities in a Communally Diverse City:Ghadames,Libya

Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.

Privacy Regulation,Spatial Culture,and Communities in a Communally Diverse City:Ghadames,Libya

Space syntax,the analytical tool of this study,is a set of techniques for representation and quantification of spatial patterns of buildings.In this paper,quantitative analysis is performed to observe the relationship between privacy as cultural specific and the spatial configuration of the settlement in the city of Ghadames.The analysis is conducted on two levels of detail.Level of the whole Ghadames including three unconventional axial maps representing ground floor(male domain),upper floor(female domain),and the whole spatial system with entrances of buildings embedded.The second level of analysis covers nine sites representing three different cultural communities within Ghadames(Arab,Barbar,and Tuarg).These community areas are analyzed as embedded within the city(embedded model)and as separated(cut out model).Analysis results indicate that ground floor(male domain)seems to be more locally and globally integrated than that of upper floor(female domain).Moreover,spaces of the ground floor are more visually connected than the upper floor,which reveals that greater possibility in route choice for the users of ground floor.Their movement from one place to another is less restricted than that of the female in the upper floor.Furthermore,the results show that mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales.

Architectural Design for Re-functioning Historic Ottoman Warehouses: Case Study in Istanbul

Restoration of historical buildings is important because they maintain cultural and historical continuity and transmit the cultural and social values from our precedents to future generations.Historical buildings need to adapt themselves to a changing cultural,social,economic,and political context.In this paper refunctioning project of a historic Ottoman,warehouse is presented.The aim of the project is to re-gain this historical structure for public use by re-newing it to the modern comfort level and making the required functional changes.The main structural system of the warehouse consists of thick masonry stone walls.The idea in the proposed restoration project is to build a two-story steel structure inside the available volume of the warehouse.The columns of the new steel construction run parallel to the existing structural system of the historic building and are fixed at their base to the existing building foundation.Hence,there is no connection between the proposed steel structure walls and the existing masonry walls,and this will save the historic fabric of the warehouse.The project proposal shows the details of planned restoration stages,the process of programming the new interior space,construction materials,and lighting and ventilation solutions.Furthermore,in this project,two-and threedimensional computer drawings were used.Finally,the proposed parallel steel structure is able to regain the warehouse and renew it to be used as a modern housing and workshop.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

Energy Efficient Building Systems For Urban Transformation Projects:Case Study

In last decades uncontrolled rapid urbanization in Turkey led to existence of squatter areas and disaster-vulnerable building stocks.After 1999 Marmara earthquake urban renewal has become the base of urbanization politics and planning agenda in Turkey.Turkish building industry usually uses RC buildings in the urban renewal projects.In recent years cold formed steel CFS and 3D panel building systems due to its lightweight,fast constructed,energy efficient,and economy start to be used as an alternatives to reinforced concrete buildings especially in seismic areas.In this paper energy performance of three building systems were investigated on a case study school building.Analysis results shows that 3D panel and CFS buildings systems will established with 59%and 36%less energy requirements with respect to traditional reinforced concrete non-insulated buildings.

Assessment and Rehabilitation of Damaged Buildings in Historic Benghazi City

The primary focus of the study is to assess and classify the damage in the old Benghazi City.Specifically,it aims to evaluate buildings within a designated area,which is bordered by Umar Ibn Al-Aas Street to the south,Omar Al-Mukhtar Street to the north,Ben Issa Street to the east,and the extension of Gamal Abdel Nasser Street to the west.The main objective is to gather valuable insights and data that can support effective rehabilitation or reconstruction efforts.By comprehending the extent of the damage and categorizing it accordingly,the study seeks to provide essential information for decision-making processes and determine the most appropriate approach for restoration.The ultimate aim is to ensure the safe return of residents to the affected area.In addition to this,the restoration process aims to preserve and revitalize the city’s religious,historical,and distinctive features.This includes safeguarding religious structures,landmarks,and elements that contribute to the city’s unique identity.To achieve this,the study proposes separate rehabilitation schemes tailored for ordinary buildings and historic buildings.

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of High-Strength Concrete Column Subjected to Moderate Case Heating Scenario in a Fire

This paper presents a numerically developed computer model to simulate the thermal behavior and evaluate the mechanical performance of a fixed ends centrically loaded High Strength Concrete Column(HSCC),subjected to Moderate Case Heating Scenario(MCHS),in a hydrocarbon fire.The temperature distribution within the mid-height cross-sectional area of the column was obtained to determine the thermal and mechanical responses as a function of temperature.The governing two-dimensional transient heat transfer partial differential equation(PDE),was converted into a set of or­dinary algebraic equations,subsequently,integrated numerically by using the explicit finite difference method,(FDM).A computer program,Visual Basic for Applications(VBA),was then developed to solve the set of or­dinary algebraic equations by implementing the boundary as well as initial conditions.The predictions of the model were validated against experimen­tal data from previous studies.The general behavior of the model as well as the effect of the key model parameters were investigated at length in the review.Finally,the reduction in the column’s compression strength and the modulus of elasticity was estimated using correlations from existing litera­ture.And the HSCC failure load under fire conditions was predicted using the Rankine formula.The results showed that the model predictions of the temperature distribution within the concrete column are in good agreement with the experimental data.Furthermore,the increase in temperature of the reinforced concrete column,(RCC),due to fire resulted in a significant reduction in the column compression strength and considerably accelerates the column fire failure load.