Effects of Combined Heat and Mass Transfer on Entropy Generation due to MHD Nanofluid Flow over a Rotating Frame

The current investigation aims to explore the combined effects of heat and mass transfer on free convection of Sodium alginate-Fe_(3)O_(4) based Brinkmann type nanofluid flow over a vertical rotating frame.The Tiwari and Das nanofluid model is employed to examine the effects of dimensionless numbers,including Grashof,Eckert,and Schmidt numbers and governing parameters like solid volume fraction of nanoparticles,Hall current,magnetic field,viscous dissipation,and the chemical reaction on the physical quantities.The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations are solved using a finite difference method known as Runge-Kutta Fehlberg(RKF-45)method.The variation of dimensionless velocity,temperature,concentration,skin friction,heat,and mass transfer rate,as well as for entropy generation and Bejan number with governing parameters,are presented graphically and are provided in tabular form.The results reveal that the Nusselt number increases with an increase in the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles.Furthermore,the rate of entropy generation and Bejan number depends upon the magnetic field and the Eckert number.

Bioconvection Mangnetohydrodynamic Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow with Quartic Chemical Reaction Past a Paraboloid Surface

In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.

Hydrodynamics and Sensitivity Analysis of a Williamson Fluid in Porous-Walled Wavy Channel

In this work,a steady,incompressible Williamson fluid model is investigated in a porous wavy channel.This situation arises in the reabsorption of useful substances from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney.After 80%reabsorption,urine is left,which behaves like a thinning fluid.The laws of conservation of mass and momentum are used to model the physical problem.The analytical solution of the problem in terms of stream function is obtained by a regular perturbation expansion method.The asymptotic integration method for small wave amplitudes and the RK-Fehlberg method for pressure distribution has been used inside the channel.It is demonstrated that the forward flow becomes fast in the narrow region(at x=0.75),which dominates the upward flow inside the channel.To study the impact of model parameters on outputs,we applied normalized local sensitivity analysis and noticed that the most influential parameter for the longitudinal velocity profile is the dimensionless wave amplitude.The reabsorption parameter is sensitive for transverse velocity in the narrow region,and the Weissenberg number has a strong effect on the pressure inside the channel.Further,the least sensitive parameters for the velocity components and pressure have been identified.

A Note on Bell-Based Bernoulli and Euler Polynomials of Complex Variable

In this article,we construct the generating functions for new families of special polynomials including two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials.Some fundamental properties of these functions are given.By using these generating functions and some identities,relations among trigonometric functions and two parametric kinds of Bell-based Bernoulli and Euler polynomials,Stirling numbers are presented.Computational formulae for these polynomials are obtained.Applying a partial derivative operator to these generating functions,some derivative formulae and finite combinatorial sums involving the aforementioned polynomials and numbers are also obtained.In addition,some remarks and observations on these polynomials are given.

Numerical Study of Unsteady MHD Flow and Entropy Generation in a Rotating Permeable Channel with Slip and Hall Effects

This article investigates an unbiased analysis for the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible, electrically and thermally conducting fluid across the space separated by two infinite rotating permeable walls.The influence of entropy generation, Hall and slip effects are considered within the flow analysis. The problem is modeled based on valid physical arguments and the unsteady system of dimensionless PDEs (partial differential equations) are solved with the help of Finite Difference Scheme. In the presence of pertinent parameters, the precise movement of the flow in terms of velocity, temperature, entropy generation rate, and Bejan numbers are presented graphically, which are parabolic in nature. Streamline profiles are also presented, which exemplify the accurate movement of the flow. The current study is one of the infrequent contributions to the existing literature as previous studies have not attempted to solve the system of high order non-linear PDEs for the unsteady flow with entropy generation and Hall effects in a permeable rotating channel. It is expected that the current analysis would provide a platform for solving the system of nonlinear PDEs of the other unexplored models that are associated to the two-dimensional unsteady flow in a rotating channel.

Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Flow of a Maxwell Nanofluid with Variable Conductivity

This article reports the simultaneous properties of variable conductivity and chemical reaction in stagnation point flow of magneto Maxwell nanofluid.The Buongiorno’s theory has been established to picture the inducement of Brownian and thermophrotic diffusions effects.Additionally,the aspect of heat sink/source is reported.The homotopic analysis method(HAM)has been worked out for the solution of nonlinear ODEs.The behavior of inferential variables on the velocity,temperature,concentration and local Nusselt number for Maxwell nanofluid are sketched and discussed.The attained outcomes specify that both the temperature and concentration of Maxwell fluid display analogous behavior,while the depiction of Brownian motion is quite conflicting on both temperature and concentration fields.It is further noted that the influence of variable thermal conductivity on temperature field is similar to that of Brownian motion parameter.Moreover,for the confirmation of our study comparison tables are reported.

Dual Solutions of MHD Boundary Layer Flow of a Micropolar Fluid with Weak Concentration over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

We investigate the dual solutions for the MHD flow of micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Suitable relations transform the partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations.Closed forms solutions are also obtained in terms of confluent hypergeometric function. This is the first attempt to determine the exact solutions for the non-linear equations of MHD micropolar fluid model. It is demonstrated that the microrotation parameter helps in increasing Nusselt number and the dual solutions exist for all fluid flow parameters under consideration. The dual behavior of dimensionless velocity, temperature, microrotation, skin-friction coefficient,local Nusselt number is displayed on graphs and examined.

R&D of back-end electronics for improved resistive plate chambers for the phase 2 upgrade of the CMS end-capmuon system

Purpose The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at European Organization for Nuclear Research is planned to be upgraded to the high luminosity LHC.Increasing the luminosity makes muon triggering reliable and offline reconstruction very challenging.To enhance the redundancy of the Compact Muon Solenoid(CMS)Muon system and resolve the ambiguity of track reconstruction in the forward region,an improved Resistive Plate Chamber(iRPC)with excellent time resolution will be installed in the Phase-2 CMS upgrade.The iRPC will be equipped with Front-End Electronics(FEE),which can perform high-precision time measurements of signals from both ends of the strip.New Back-End Electronics(BEE)need to be researched and developed to provide sophisticated functionalities such as interacting with FEE with shared links for fast,slow control(SC)and data,in addition to trigger primitives(TPs)generation and data acquisition(DAQ).Method The BEE prototype uses a homemade hardware board compatible with the MTCA standard,the back-end board(BEB).BEE interacts with FEE via a bidirectional 4.8 Gbps optical paired-link that integrates clock,data,and control information.The clock and fast/slow control commands are distributed from BEB to the FEE via the downlink.The uplink is used for BEB to receive the time information of the iRPC’sfired strips and the responses to the fast/slow control commands.To have a pipelined detector data for clusterfinding operation,recover(DeMux)the time relationship of which is changed due to the transmission protocol for the continuous incoming MUXed data from FEE.Then at each bunch crossing(BX),clusteringfired strips that satisfy time and spatial constraints to generate TPs.Both incoming raw MUXed detector data and TPs in a time window and latency based on the trigger signal are read out to the DAQ system.Gigabit Ethernet(GbE)of SiTCP and commercial 10-GbE are used as link standards for SC and DAQ,respectively,for the BEB to interact with the server.Results The joint test results of the BEB with iRPC and Front-End Board(FEB)show a Bit Error Rate of the transmission links less than 1×10-16,a time resolution of the FEB Time-to-Digital Converter of 16 ps,and the resolution of the time difference between both ends of 160 ps which corresponding a spatial resolution of the iRPC of approximately 1.5 cm.Conclusion Test results showed the correctness and stable running of the BEB prototype,of which the functionalities fulfill the iRPC requirements.

Melting and second order slip effect on convective flow of nanofluid past a radiating stretching/shrinking sheet

A mathematical model is presented for forced convective slip flow of a nanofluid past a radiating stretching/shrinking sheet.Melting boundary condition is taken into account.The nanofluid model involves the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects.Lie group transformation is used to the transport equations as well as the boundary conditions to develop the similarity equations,before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order numerical method.To show the effects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless velocity,temperature,nanoparticle volume fraction,skin friction factor,local Nusselt,and local Sherwood numbers,numerical results are presented both in graphical and tabular forms.It is found that the friction factor decreases with slip and melting parameters for both stretching/shrinking sheets.It is also found that the Nusselt number decreases with the first order slip while it increases with melting and radiation parameters in both cases.Also,the Sherwood number decreases with the melting parameter both for radiating and non-radiating stretching/shrinking sheets.An excellent agreement is found between the present numerical results and published results.