Ocular Trauma in a Rural Population of North China:The Handan Eye Study

Objective To determine the prevalence of ocular trauma and the proportion of blindness and visua impairment due to trauma in a rural population in northern China. Methods The Handan Eye Study is a population-based cross-sectional study that surveyed 6830 Chinese people aged 30＋ years from 13 randomly selected villages in Yongnian County, city of Handan, Hebei Province, in July, 2006. All participants underwent a standardized interview and extensive examinations. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on ocular trauma. Results Of the 5837 participants who filled out the questionnaire, 124 subjects [2.1%; 95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.8%-2.5%] reported a history of ocular trauma in either eye, including 19 （0.3%） persons reporting trauma in both eyes. Men were more likely to have an eye injury than women [odds ratio （OR）, 3.3; 2.2-4.9]. In multiple logistic regression models, ocular trauma was significantly more frequent among normotensive participants when compared with hypertensive participants （hypertensive vs. normotensive＂ OR, 0.6; 0.4-0.9） and among participants who had a history of falls （OR, 2.4; 1.2-4.8）. The proportion of unilateral visual impairment and unilateral blindness due to trauma were 10.5% （13 subjects） and 21.0% （26 subjects）, respectively. Conclusion Our study reports the prevalence of severe ocular trauma among adults in rural China, revealing a high proportion of blindness and visual impairment due to trauma. These findings suggest the need for educational strategies to increase eye health awareness in this rural population with focus on providing at least appropriate first aid care to reduce blindness due to trauma.

Association between Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Northeastern Chinese Population

Objective To evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy(DR) and mean ocular perfusion pressure(MOPP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM).Methods Patients from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study(FS-DIRECT), a communitybased prospective cohort study conducted in northeast China, were included in this study. The presence and severity of DR were determined by grading fundus photographs according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS) retinopathy scale. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SBP and DBP) were recorded using an electronic sphygmomanometer. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured using an iCare rebound tonometer. MOPP was calculated using the formula MOPP = 2/3 [DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)]-IOP.Results In total, 1,857 patients who had gradable fundus photography and MOPP data were enrolled in this study. Male patients had a higher MOPP than female patients(52.25 ± 8.75 vs. 50.96 ± 8.74 mmHg, P = 0.002). Overall, both male and female patients with any type of DR, non-proliferative DR(NPDR), or non-sight-threatening DR(non-STDR) had significantly higher MOPP relative to patients without DR. Increased MOPP(per 1 mmHg) was in turn associated with the presence of any type of DR[odds ratio(OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval(CI) : 1.02–1.04], NPDR(OR = 1.03 95% CI: 1.02–1.04),and non-STDR(OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04) after adjusting for confounders. Increased MOPP(per 1 mmHg) was also associated with an increased likelihood of macular edema(OR = 1.02, 95% CI:1.01–1.04).Conclusions The results suggest that increased MOPP was associated with DR and macular edema in northeastern Chinese patients with T2 DM.