基于荧光标记法的集束化措施在多重耐药菌感染预防与控制中的效果

目的 采取基于荧光标记法的集束化防控措施,观察多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染预防与控制的效果。方法 选取某院2022年1—12月检出MDRO的患者为研究对象。收集MDRO监测数据及防控措施落实情况。采用荧光标记法监测床单元环境物体表面的清洁消毒效果,干预后组在对干预前组采取集束化防控措施与管理模式的基础上,针对干预前组发现的问题实施强化整改措施。比较2022年1—6月(干预前)与2022年7—12月(干预后)相关指标变化。结果 干预前组共有136例MDRO感染患者,检出MDRO 208株,发生医院感染10例。干预后组共有128例MDRO感染患者,检出MDRO 198株,发生医院感染9例。干预后患者耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)及MDRO总检出率较干预前均有所降低(均P<0.05)。干预后环境物体表面MRSA、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)、CRAB及MDRO总检出率均低于干预前(均P<0.05)。干预前环境物体表面MDRO检出率为34.52%,干预后环境物体表面MDRO检出率呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。干预前荧光标记位点清除率为41.84%;实施干预措施后,7—12月荧光标记点清除率呈上升趋势,在干预末(11—12月)达85.00%。干预后隔离医嘱下达、隔离标识放置、医疗用品专用、医疗废物正确处置的依从率均较干预前提高(均P<0.05)。结论 采取基于荧光标记法的集束化防控措施可有效提高MDRO感染预防与控制效果。

中医药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎现状

2019年12月以来我国武汉市爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),疫情迅速蔓延至全国及海外,因其传染性强已成为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)。中医药在传染病的防治方面已经积累了数千年的经验。在本次新冠肺炎治疗中,中医药充分彰显出特色和优势,并可在全程发挥作用。目前,中医药防治新冠肺炎已从参与者变成了主力军。本综述从中医病名探讨、三因制宜角度分析病因病机、辨治思路、常用方药(通用方剂:清肺排毒汤、经典名方、中成药、中药汤剂)方面对中医药治疗新冠肺炎的现状进行总结,并阐述了中医药治疗新冠肺炎的优势和展望。

沙坪二级水电站短期水位预测与实时调控策略

针对沙坪二级水电站来水不确定、闸门负荷动作频繁的问题,提出了一种基于神经网络的水电站坝前水位预测新方法,建立了一个基于长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的水位预测模型,并应用于沙坪二级水电站的坝前水位预测,与BP神经网络预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,LSTM预测结果具有更高的精度,平均绝对误差为0.1347,均方根误差为0.1950,纳什系数为0.9337,能很好地预测短期水位;提出了基于负荷调整余量与水位预测模型的水电站实时调控策略,根据预测的水位超上限、水位超下限、水位不超限3种情况进行决策分析,实现了减少沙坪二级电站的闸门动作次数,保障电网的安全稳定运行。

Reproduction of the Sedimentary Disturbance Phenomenon of the Diexi Ancient Landslide-Dammed Lake under Earthquake

Valuable geological and environmental information can be obtained from the 200 m thick lacustrine sediments in the Diexi lake(an ancient landslide-dammed lake) of the Minjiang River. The shaking table test method was employed to study the disturbance phenomena which occurred in the Diexi lake sediments. The results show that the disturbance phenomena were caused by liquefaction-induced flows in the unconsolidated lacustrine sediments, due to triggering by earthquakes. The deformations only occurred in unconsolidated sediment layers and not in consolidated layers. This means that a consolidated layer cannot be liquefied and disturbed again by an earthquake for a second time. The disturbance on one layer corresponds to only one earthquake. The temporal occurrence of earthquakes could be determined by disturbance layers generated at different ages. In total, 10 disturbed layers were found in the lacustrine sediments of the Diexi lake. The experiments showed that there were more than 10 earthquakes between 30 ka B.P. and 15 ka B.P. in the Diexi lake area based on the dating of the disturbed sediment layers.

Late Pleistocene environmental information on the Diexi paleo-dammed lake of the upper Minjiang River in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China

In 1999, Diexi paleo-dammed lake(2349 m a.s.l.) was discovered around Diexi town along the Minjiang River in Sichuan province. Diexi is located where the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin meet. The dammed lake was formed during the Last Glacial Maximum of the Late Pleistocene(~30,000 years ago) and began to empty about 15,000 years ago. The lacustrine sediments(up to 240 m thick) preserve abundant paleoenvironment information. In this paper, a mass of oxygen isotopes and 14 C dating from drilled cores are analyzed and discussed. The δ18 O curve on the paleo climate from this section is comparable with the coeval paleo climatic curves of ice cores and karsts in China and others. Furthermore, the physical model testing has confirmed that the disturbed zones in the core are caused by strong earthquakes occurred at least 10 times, which implies strong crustal deformation, as an important driving force, affecting climate change. This study provides a new window to observe East Asian monsoon formation, paleoenvironmental evolution and the global climate change.

北京大学公开课信息系统的开发

北大自主研发的公开课信息系统是北大优质教学资源服务社会的重要支撑平台。系统集成用户管理、院系管理、课程管理、课程录像管理、课程介绍管理、教师介绍管理、教学大纲管理、指定教材管理、参考文献管理多功能于一体全方位将优质北大教学资源服务于社会。文章分析与研究了北京大学公开课信息系统的用例设计、功能模块、信息流程、实体关系设计、前台与后台的UI设计、系统后台实现机制。五年的稳定运行与多次改版既满足了北大教师和管理者发布教学资源又满足了社会上各类人群对北大公开课资源的检索与学习。设计与实现中的技术对于高校公开课平台的开发、慕课平台的开发、各类联盟共享课程平台的开发具有借鉴意义。

沙坪二级水电站河道型水库超短期水量平衡计算

河道型水库超短期水库水量平衡模拟是支持水库运行的关键,但计算结果产生锯齿状震荡,通过延长模拟时间尺度,确认计算误差是由坝前水位波动所致。在引起坝前水位波动的各因素中,以负荷变化量为例,修正了由于负荷变化量所导致的水量平衡计算误差。提出了基于一维水动力的河道型水库超短期水量平衡算法,该算法建立河道—库区一维水动力模型,推求库区平均水位代替坝前水位精确计算出库容,从而消除了由于坝前水位波动引起的锯齿状误差。计算结果表明,修正负荷变化量的影响后,可有效提高模拟精度,基于一维水动力的河道型水库超短期水量平衡算法已消除了锯齿状误差,模拟精度较高。

沙坪二级水电站负荷自由调整权对水位控制的作用分析

通过假定相对理想的出入库流量变化过程,定性分析了负荷自由调整权在沙坪电站水位控制中的效果。结果表明,±50 MW的负荷余量可为电站提供约120万m^(3)的库容收益或增大约200万m^(3)的库容泄量;此外,在入库流量变化时,若有一定量的负荷自由调整权,可极大地延缓水位越限的时间,延长水库安全运行时限。基于沙坪二级水电站实际运行数据,证明了负荷自由调整权的重要性和有效性。

Simulation study of the void space gas effect on slope instability triggered by an earthquake

This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect.

Simulation of the dynamic disturbance characteristics of the soft sediment in the Diexi ancient dammed lake,China

In an earlier study of the Diexi ancient dammed lake along the Minjiang River in Southwest China,10 disturbed layers with envelope and flame structures were found in more than 240 m of lacustrine sediments.In this paper,the soft-sediment disturbances caused by earthquakes in the Diexi ancient dammed lake were studied based on field investigations and laboratory core observations.A two-to three-degree-of-freedom spring-type earthquake simulation vibration table was used to carry out disturbance tests on lacustrine sediments under different dynamic conditions.The results support the following conclusions:(1)The disturbance layers in the lacustrine sediments were caused by strong earthquakes in the region.(2)The characteristics of the disturbance layers are related to the seismic parameters and the degree of sediment consolidation.(3)The greater the earthquake intensity is,the greater the disturbance amplitude is;moreover,the lower the consolidation degree is,the greater the disturbance amplitude.(4)The simulation tests verify that the disturbance layers in the sediments of the Diexi ancient dammed lake correspond to strong earthquakes in the region.These results are valuable for ongoing palaeoseismic research in the region.

Possible relatedness between the outburst of the Diexi ancient dammed lake and ancient Chengdu’s cultural change

The Diexi ancient dammed lake is in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.Six terraces with lacustrine sediments occur at the base.These terraces are the products of the graded outburst of the Diexi ancient dammed lake.The outburst of the ancient dammed lake would certainly have had an impact on the Chengdu Plain in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River.In this paper,on-site sampling and laboratory analysis were used to analyze the sediments of the Diexi ancient dammed lake and the Jinsha site in Chengdu Plain,and the environmental indicators of each sediment layer were tested.Through a comparative analysis of the environmental indicators in the sediments at the two locations,the following results were obtained:the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental characteristics at the two locations generally show consistent changes.The most important finding is that the types and content of the major pollen taxa at the two locations are similar.The Pinus content strongly proves that the soil layers at the Jinsha site was sourced from the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.Considering that the demise of the ancient culture at the Jinsha site occurred close in time to the outburst of the ancient dammed lake,this similarity suggests that the cultural change at the Jinsha site may have been related to the outburst of the Diexi ancient dammed lake.

基于Lab VIEW和二维码技术的手语教学系统

手语是聋哑人日常交际、表达感情与交流思想的重要工具。由于拥有手语翻译证书的特教师资相对匮乏,聋哑学校无法满足较多聋哑人接受良好教育的需求。如果能让更多无手语基础的教师参与到聋哑学校的教育教学中,就能很好解决这一矛盾。因此,在教学过程中,在无手语基础的执教者与渴望接受教育的聋哑学生之间急需性价比高的手语"翻译官"。基于Lab VIEW和二维码技术的手语教学系统经过前期的研究与测试表明,具有较好的应用性能。它可以通过系统功能的逐步优化和数据库的不断完善,最终实现动态手语识别。与传统手语识别系统相比,其具有成本低廉、使用便捷、易于推广等优点。

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments.Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides.A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads.Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load.The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture.With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure,the fractures are in unbounded closed-state.This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks,and with the expanding of the cracks,the slope failure eventually occurred.The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.

Exact Results for Intrinsic Electronic Transport in Graphene

We present exact results for the electronic transport properties of graphene sheets connected to two metallic electrodes.Our results obtained by transfer-matrix methods are valid for all sheet widths and lengths.In the limit of the large width-to-length ratio relevant to recent experiments,we find a Dirac-point conductivity of 2e^(2) / (√3)h and a sub-Poissonian Fano factor of 2 - 3(√3)/π(≌) 0.346 for armchair graphene;for the zigzag geometry they are respectively 0 and 1.Our results reflect essential effects from both the topology of graphene and the electronic structure of the leads,giving a complete microscopic understanding of the unique intrinsic transport in graphene.

基于Blackboard 9.1的插件研发探索与实现——以“北大教学网”大英网测插件为例

北京大学以Blackboard为基础平台构建了"北大教学网",现已成为全校各类课程的集成总站、大英公共课程的网测平台。如何有效解决由于主客观因素,造成学生的网测次数不一致、网测分数不公平的问题,成了大英网络教学的最大障碍。我们通过充分调研,合作研发了大学英语网络测试插件,着重解决核心算法漏洞并调整环境设置,摸索出基于Blackboard的插件研发方法和应用流程,促进了信息技术与教学深度融合,可供研发人员参考和借鉴。

北京大学教学发展信息系统的开发

该研究设计和实现了北京大学教学发展信息系统。首先,论述了教学发展信息系统的系统设计,包括功能模块、操作流程、系统总体用例。其次,论述了教学发展信息系统的前台和后台的界面与功能设计。最后,利用j Query的CLNDR插件在首页中根据后台数据库动态绘制活动日历。

中药专业仪器分析实验教学中的问题及改进策略

仪器分析实验是中药专业仪器分析课程中非常重要的一个教学环节,是培养大学生实验创新能力的入门课。如何提高仪器分析实验的教学效果,对学生学习该门课程非常重要。本文提出了从预习报告、教师讲解、学生操作、书写报告、以及教师评分等方面进行改革。期望这些改革策略能提高仪器分析实验的教学效果,激发学生学习仪器分析课程的积极性,并在实验教学中培养学生的科学素养。

沙坪二级水电站闸门动作频繁原因分析

针对沙坪二级水电站闸门操作次数异常高(2018年18746次、2019年6612次,超过同期大渡河其他电站总和)的问题,从沙坪水库自身特性、电站与上游梯级的水力联系、上下游梯级的电力联系以及电站运行特性等多方面深入分析泄洪闸门动作频繁的原因,探讨了可能的解决方案。

枕头坝——沙坪二级河段流量延时时间分析

研究区域选定为枕头坝一级电站下游至沙坪二级电站上游河段全长28 km的大渡河干流河段,由于研究区域现有的水文资料有限,沙坪二级电站缺乏入库流量监测设备,给水动力参数的演变规律研究带来了很大的困难。本研究根据实测的水位、流量、河道地形资料,使用HEC-RAS建立枕头坝一级水电站—沙坪二级水电站一维水动力模型,精细描述水流在区间河道的演进过程,探究在模型运行中河道糙率与流量的关系以及延时时间与流量的关系,为水电站短期水位预测模型和实时调控策略提供重要依据。

消岩汤治疗非小细胞肺癌临床及基础研究进展

近年来,肺癌已成为全球死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中非小细胞肺癌(nonsmallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)占所有肺癌的85%左右,目前NSCLC的临床疗效仍不甚理想。贾英杰教授提出本病"黜浊培本"的中医治则,并拟定消岩汤,临床疗效确切,单独应用于NSCLC或配合放化疗等抗肿瘤治疗,可有效延长无进展生存期、提高生存质量,具有较好的临床获益,是治疗非小细胞肺癌良好的辅助用药。基础研究进一步证实消岩汤能够通过不同机制有效抑制肺癌细胞增殖、迁移以及侵袭,诱导肺癌细胞凋亡,逆转多药耐药,重塑肿瘤免疫微环境,改善肺癌小鼠恶病质状态,且能有效改善荷瘤小鼠化疗引起的毒副反应。将消岩汤治疗NSCLC相关临床及基础研究的研究进展进行综述。