Open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain region, has been increasingly becoming the coupling mosaic structure of industrial actions and landscape behaviors. However, the local governments, when making land use p...Open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain region, has been increasingly becoming the coupling mosaic structure of industrial actions and landscape behaviors. However, the local governments, when making land use planning, often aim at economic development, and rarely refer to the coordination of compatibilities and conflicts between industrial actions and landscape behaviors in the mosaic structure. In this study land use in the Jinyun Mountain and its surrounding area, Chongqing is adjusted by gray multi-objective programming approach and local-level decision-making process to cope with conflicts between objectives for human welfare and objectives for landscape conservation. The results indicate that： 1） the compatibilities and conflicts among different behavior characters and different landscape types result in the compatibilities of landscape to human behavior; 2） a land use planning in the study area is produced based on the sustainable land use and social-eco development, which pays more attention to the resources and environment constraints and economic objectives, and follows the distribution law of rare resources; 3） in the study area, cultivated land of 1,207.27 ha can meet the demands for food and byproducts by the residents there, orchard land and forestland of 632.55 ha, 2,276.61 ha, respectively can provide enough spaee for the local people to improve their living structure and meet their demands for reereational activities, and urban residential land, rural residential land, mining land and transportation land of 1107.60 ha, 120.27 ha, 162.48 ha, 100.91 ha, respeetively can satisfy the resident＇s eeonomie development and infrastructures; 4） the equilibrium among industrial actions, landscape accessibility and ecological conservation can be obtained by analyzing the possible impaets of human activities on landscape eeologieal proeess in open spaee of metropolitan suburbs in mountain areas.展开更多
This paper reviews the research on land use change and its corresponding ecological responses. Patterns of land use changes in spatio-temporal level are produced by the interaction of biophysical and socio-economic pr...This paper reviews the research on land use change and its corresponding ecological responses. Patterns of land use changes in spatio-temporal level are produced by the interaction of biophysical and socio-economic processes. Nowadays, the studies derived from different socioeconomic conditions and scales show that at short-term scale, human activities, rather than natural forces, have become a major force in shaping the environment, while biophysical factors control the trends and processes of land use change under the macro environmental background. Providing a scientific understanding of the process of land use change, the impacts of different land use decisions, and the ways that decisions are affected by a changing environment and increasing ecological variability are the priority areas for research： （1） explanation of scale dependency of drivers of land use change; （2） quantification of driving factors of land use change; （3） incorporation of biophysical feedbacks in land use change models： and （4） underlying processes and mechanisms of ecological impacts of land use change.展开更多
The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropr...The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.展开更多
A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the...A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.展开更多
The gradation of cultivated land is to assess the suitability of cultivated land for agricultural production in terms of natural and economic properties of land. It can be used to evaluate sustainability of land use a...The gradation of cultivated land is to assess the suitability of cultivated land for agricultural production in terms of natural and economic properties of land. It can be used to evaluate sustainability of land use and soil management practices. Formal and informal surveys, Delphi and comprehensive index method are adopted to identify appropriate integrated indicators, and measure the gradation of cultivated land quality. The determination of integrated indicators presents three basic features of cultivated land quality： stable plant productivity, social acceptability and maintenance of environmental quality. Pronounced concentration-dissipation law of total function score value occurs in paddy field units, with three ranges, i.e., 79-68.5, 68.5-59 and 59-51. Total function score value in dryland units mainly ranges from 40 to 70, but slight concentration-dissipation law of each unit is still observed, with four ranges, i.e., 79-68, 68-51, 51-37 and 37-15. Paddy field quality is divided into three gradations, and the scales are 18 220.9 ha, 5410.6 ha and 2890.9 ha. Dryland quality is classified into four gradations, and the scales are 1548.6 ha, 8153.8 ha, 3316.3 ha and 685.2 ha. The total function score value of every gradation unit is conformed to the results of farmers＇ assessment. Research results meet with the needs of accurate degree of the gradation of cultivated land quality. Integrated indicators-based gradation of cultivated land assessment accords with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in the mountains of southwestern China. This study will be useful to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality, and to supply fine ground and knowledge for establishing appropriate cultivated land management practices in Southwestern China.展开更多
An investigation was conducted to identify the characteristics of heavy metals in orange ecosystem in three areas in the Three Gorge Reservoir Region by using the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure.The c...An investigation was conducted to identify the characteristics of heavy metals in orange ecosystem in three areas in the Three Gorge Reservoir Region by using the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure.The contents of Cu and Pb in different speciation fractions of the soils can be ordered as the Residual(F6)>Reducible(F4)>Oxidable(F5)>Water soluble(F1)>Carbonate(F3)>Exchangeable(F2),and the contents of Zn and Ni follow the order of the Residual(F6)>Oxidable(F5)>Reducible(F4)>Water soluble(F1)>Carbonate(F3)> Exchangeable(F2),and those of Cd follow the order of the Reducible(F4)>Oxidable(F5)>Exchangeable(F2)> Carbonate(F3)>Residual(F6)>Water soluble(F1).The concentrations of Cu in the different organs of oranges follow the increasing sequence of pulp>leaf>pericarp,those of Zn and Ni following the increasing sequence of leaf >pulp>pericarp,and those of Pb and Cd follow the increasing sequence of leaf>pericarp>pulp.Correlation degrees of different forms of same heavy metals in soils are according to the order of Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb>Ni.Correlation degrees of different heavy metals in same forms are according to the order that the forms of Reducible(F4),Oxidable(F5) and Residual(F6) are higher than the forms of Water soluble(F1),Exchangeable(F2) and Carbonate(F3).There are either positive or negative correlations between heavy metals in leaves and in pulp,while there are all positive correlations between heavy mentals in leaves and in pericarp.There are significant correlations between the concentrations of some heavy metals in leaves,pericarp or pulp,and those in speciation fractions in the soils.展开更多
Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated ...Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated the crop reference and actual evapotranspiration(Eto and ETc)respectively and the irrigation water requirement of rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Benin’s sub-basin of Niger River(BSBNR)of west Africa,using CROPWAT model.The long recorded climatic data,crop and soil data from 1942 to 2012 were computed with the Cropwat model which is based on the United Nations’Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)paper number 56(FAO56).The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate ETo.Crop coefficients(Kc)from the phenomenological stages of rice were applied to adjust and estimate the actual evapotranspiration ETc through a water balance of the irrigation water requirements(IR).The results showed the BSBNR annual reference evapotranspiration(ETo)was estimated at 1967 mm.The lowest monthly value of ETo of 123 mm,was observed in August month,middle of the rainy season while the highest value 210 mm was observed in March within dry season.The crop evapotranspiration ETc and the crop irrigation requirements were estimated at 651 mm and 383 mm,respectively in rainy season and 920 mm and 1148 mm,respectively within a dry season.Irrigation projects of these seasons can then be scheduled for water use efficiency based on these findings.展开更多
The paper studied the temporal variation of soil water content and its influencing factors in hilly area of Chongqing by the yearly data of 2006 and 2007.According to precipitation anomaly percentage,the year 2006 was...The paper studied the temporal variation of soil water content and its influencing factors in hilly area of Chongqing by the yearly data of 2006 and 2007.According to precipitation anomaly percentage,the year 2006 was a dry year and 2007 a normal year.In the dry year 2006,the variations of soil moisture in all three layers(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm)were medium(10%<CV<30%);in the normal year 2007,the variation in the layer of 0-10 cm was strong(CV>30%),and those of the two deeper layers were weak(CV<10%).Hence,the seasonal variation of soil moisture in the humid area was large in the dry year and small in the wet year.The probability distributions of soil moisture in all three layers in both dry and normal years showed single-peak shapes.However,peak locations and values varied with different layers and years.Among factors affecting the temporal variation of soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer,during March to May,the meteorological factors including temperature,sunshine and precipitation were all inversely correlated with soil water content variation.The correlations with average temperature and accumulated temperature were both highly significant P<0.01(P=0.00).The inverse correlations with sunshine and precipitation were significant P<0.05(P=0.01).Among soil physical properties,except for bulk density which was inversely correlated with soil moisture,all other properties were positively correlated.Organic material was positively correlated with soil moisture,which suggested that organics had the sponge effect and contributed to soil water storage and movement.During the period of June to September,there was no significant correlation between soil water content and total storage.The meteorological factors of temperature,accumulated temperature and sunshine were all inversely and highly significantly correlated with soil water content P<0.01(P=0.00).展开更多
The paddy fields and water storage facilities are seriously damaged by the coal mine subsiding in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable areas in China,which make the farmers there being suffered greatly from the...The paddy fields and water storage facilities are seriously damaged by the coal mine subsiding in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable areas in China,which make the farmers there being suffered greatly from the lack of water for traditional rice cultivation and daily life.The purpose of this paper is to find a method to restore the damaged paddy fields,thereby promoting sustainable development of land resources,and alleviating the contradiction between people and land,as well as creating a more inhabitable environment.The research methodology included field experiments,cultivated observation,and field investigation.This paper selected the Songzao Mining Area as the research area,and focused on the restoration technologies of damaged paddy fields,through the following four different measures at three experimental fields:(1)Traditional repeated cattle plowing(CK);(2)Water retention agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C);(3)Film without holes under tilth depth(FO);and(4)Film with holes under tilth depth(FW).At last,a contrastive analysis of the four measures was made according to the results of the experiments.The results show that the use of water retaining agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C)can be the most appropriate method to restore the damaged paddy field in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable area in southwest China.Compared with the other three measures,its water productivity is the maximum(0.81 kg/m3),and the net income is the highest(1403$/hm^(2)).What’s more,it is simple,short time-consuming,and low cost,which is benefit to generalize the use of this restoration technology.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education(No.03111)Incubation Fund Project of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing(No.017079)
文摘Open space of metropolitan suburbs in mountain region, has been increasingly becoming the coupling mosaic structure of industrial actions and landscape behaviors. However, the local governments, when making land use planning, often aim at economic development, and rarely refer to the coordination of compatibilities and conflicts between industrial actions and landscape behaviors in the mosaic structure. In this study land use in the Jinyun Mountain and its surrounding area, Chongqing is adjusted by gray multi-objective programming approach and local-level decision-making process to cope with conflicts between objectives for human welfare and objectives for landscape conservation. The results indicate that： 1） the compatibilities and conflicts among different behavior characters and different landscape types result in the compatibilities of landscape to human behavior; 2） a land use planning in the study area is produced based on the sustainable land use and social-eco development, which pays more attention to the resources and environment constraints and economic objectives, and follows the distribution law of rare resources; 3） in the study area, cultivated land of 1,207.27 ha can meet the demands for food and byproducts by the residents there, orchard land and forestland of 632.55 ha, 2,276.61 ha, respectively can provide enough spaee for the local people to improve their living structure and meet their demands for reereational activities, and urban residential land, rural residential land, mining land and transportation land of 1107.60 ha, 120.27 ha, 162.48 ha, 100.91 ha, respeetively can satisfy the resident＇s eeonomie development and infrastructures; 4） the equilibrium among industrial actions, landscape accessibility and ecological conservation can be obtained by analyzing the possible impaets of human activities on landscape eeologieal proeess in open spaee of metropolitan suburbs in mountain areas.
基金N ational N atural Science Foundation of China,N o.49771073K ey Projectof the Chinese A cadem y of Sciences,N o.K 2952-J1-203
文摘This paper reviews the research on land use change and its corresponding ecological responses. Patterns of land use changes in spatio-temporal level are produced by the interaction of biophysical and socio-economic processes. Nowadays, the studies derived from different socioeconomic conditions and scales show that at short-term scale, human activities, rather than natural forces, have become a major force in shaping the environment, while biophysical factors control the trends and processes of land use change under the macro environmental background. Providing a scientific understanding of the process of land use change, the impacts of different land use decisions, and the ways that decisions are affected by a changing environment and increasing ecological variability are the priority areas for research： （1） explanation of scale dependency of drivers of land use change; （2） quantification of driving factors of land use change; （3） incorporation of biophysical feedbacks in land use change models： and （4） underlying processes and mechanisms of ecological impacts of land use change.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education (No. 03111)IncubationFund Project of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing (No. 017079)
文摘The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40231016)
文摘A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.
文摘The gradation of cultivated land is to assess the suitability of cultivated land for agricultural production in terms of natural and economic properties of land. It can be used to evaluate sustainability of land use and soil management practices. Formal and informal surveys, Delphi and comprehensive index method are adopted to identify appropriate integrated indicators, and measure the gradation of cultivated land quality. The determination of integrated indicators presents three basic features of cultivated land quality： stable plant productivity, social acceptability and maintenance of environmental quality. Pronounced concentration-dissipation law of total function score value occurs in paddy field units, with three ranges, i.e., 79-68.5, 68.5-59 and 59-51. Total function score value in dryland units mainly ranges from 40 to 70, but slight concentration-dissipation law of each unit is still observed, with four ranges, i.e., 79-68, 68-51, 51-37 and 37-15. Paddy field quality is divided into three gradations, and the scales are 18 220.9 ha, 5410.6 ha and 2890.9 ha. Dryland quality is classified into four gradations, and the scales are 1548.6 ha, 8153.8 ha, 3316.3 ha and 685.2 ha. The total function score value of every gradation unit is conformed to the results of farmers＇ assessment. Research results meet with the needs of accurate degree of the gradation of cultivated land quality. Integrated indicators-based gradation of cultivated land assessment accords with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in the mountains of southwestern China. This study will be useful to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality, and to supply fine ground and knowledge for establishing appropriate cultivated land management practices in Southwestern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40573065)the Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing Foundation (No. 7335)
文摘An investigation was conducted to identify the characteristics of heavy metals in orange ecosystem in three areas in the Three Gorge Reservoir Region by using the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure.The contents of Cu and Pb in different speciation fractions of the soils can be ordered as the Residual(F6)>Reducible(F4)>Oxidable(F5)>Water soluble(F1)>Carbonate(F3)>Exchangeable(F2),and the contents of Zn and Ni follow the order of the Residual(F6)>Oxidable(F5)>Reducible(F4)>Water soluble(F1)>Carbonate(F3)> Exchangeable(F2),and those of Cd follow the order of the Reducible(F4)>Oxidable(F5)>Exchangeable(F2)> Carbonate(F3)>Residual(F6)>Water soluble(F1).The concentrations of Cu in the different organs of oranges follow the increasing sequence of pulp>leaf>pericarp,those of Zn and Ni following the increasing sequence of leaf >pulp>pericarp,and those of Pb and Cd follow the increasing sequence of leaf>pericarp>pulp.Correlation degrees of different forms of same heavy metals in soils are according to the order of Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb>Ni.Correlation degrees of different heavy metals in same forms are according to the order that the forms of Reducible(F4),Oxidable(F5) and Residual(F6) are higher than the forms of Water soluble(F1),Exchangeable(F2) and Carbonate(F3).There are either positive or negative correlations between heavy metals in leaves and in pulp,while there are all positive correlations between heavy mentals in leaves and in pericarp.There are significant correlations between the concentrations of some heavy metals in leaves,pericarp or pulp,and those in speciation fractions in the soils.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Projects for Water Pollution Control and Management(2012ZX07104-003).
文摘Understanding crop water requirements(CWR)in semi-arid region is essential for better irrigation practices,scheduling and efficient use of water since the water supply through rainfall is limited.This paper estimated the crop reference and actual evapotranspiration(Eto and ETc)respectively and the irrigation water requirement of rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Benin’s sub-basin of Niger River(BSBNR)of west Africa,using CROPWAT model.The long recorded climatic data,crop and soil data from 1942 to 2012 were computed with the Cropwat model which is based on the United Nations’Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)paper number 56(FAO56).The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate ETo.Crop coefficients(Kc)from the phenomenological stages of rice were applied to adjust and estimate the actual evapotranspiration ETc through a water balance of the irrigation water requirements(IR).The results showed the BSBNR annual reference evapotranspiration(ETo)was estimated at 1967 mm.The lowest monthly value of ETo of 123 mm,was observed in August month,middle of the rainy season while the highest value 210 mm was observed in March within dry season.The crop evapotranspiration ETc and the crop irrigation requirements were estimated at 651 mm and 383 mm,respectively in rainy season and 920 mm and 1148 mm,respectively within a dry season.Irrigation projects of these seasons can then be scheduled for water use efficiency based on these findings.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2012BAD05B06).
文摘The paper studied the temporal variation of soil water content and its influencing factors in hilly area of Chongqing by the yearly data of 2006 and 2007.According to precipitation anomaly percentage,the year 2006 was a dry year and 2007 a normal year.In the dry year 2006,the variations of soil moisture in all three layers(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm)were medium(10%<CV<30%);in the normal year 2007,the variation in the layer of 0-10 cm was strong(CV>30%),and those of the two deeper layers were weak(CV<10%).Hence,the seasonal variation of soil moisture in the humid area was large in the dry year and small in the wet year.The probability distributions of soil moisture in all three layers in both dry and normal years showed single-peak shapes.However,peak locations and values varied with different layers and years.Among factors affecting the temporal variation of soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer,during March to May,the meteorological factors including temperature,sunshine and precipitation were all inversely correlated with soil water content variation.The correlations with average temperature and accumulated temperature were both highly significant P<0.01(P=0.00).The inverse correlations with sunshine and precipitation were significant P<0.05(P=0.01).Among soil physical properties,except for bulk density which was inversely correlated with soil moisture,all other properties were positively correlated.Organic material was positively correlated with soil moisture,which suggested that organics had the sponge effect and contributed to soil water storage and movement.During the period of June to September,there was no significant correlation between soil water content and total storage.The meteorological factors of temperature,accumulated temperature and sunshine were all inversely and highly significantly correlated with soil water content P<0.01(P=0.00).
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China-“The Key Technology and Demonstration of Rural Land Transfer and Resource Integration(2013BAJ11B02)”Scientific Research Innovation Project of Chongqing for Graduate(CYB14055).
文摘The paddy fields and water storage facilities are seriously damaged by the coal mine subsiding in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable areas in China,which make the farmers there being suffered greatly from the lack of water for traditional rice cultivation and daily life.The purpose of this paper is to find a method to restore the damaged paddy fields,thereby promoting sustainable development of land resources,and alleviating the contradiction between people and land,as well as creating a more inhabitable environment.The research methodology included field experiments,cultivated observation,and field investigation.This paper selected the Songzao Mining Area as the research area,and focused on the restoration technologies of damaged paddy fields,through the following four different measures at three experimental fields:(1)Traditional repeated cattle plowing(CK);(2)Water retention agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C);(3)Film without holes under tilth depth(FO);and(4)Film with holes under tilth depth(FW).At last,a contrastive analysis of the four measures was made according to the results of the experiments.The results show that the use of water retaining agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C)can be the most appropriate method to restore the damaged paddy field in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable area in southwest China.Compared with the other three measures,its water productivity is the maximum(0.81 kg/m3),and the net income is the highest(1403$/hm^(2)).What’s more,it is simple,short time-consuming,and low cost,which is benefit to generalize the use of this restoration technology.
