高校基层党建提质增效路径探究

高校基层党建作为党的基层组织建设的重要组成部分,其提质增效已成为党建工作的重要课题。文章在探索当前高校基层党建存在问题的基础上,提出了具有针对性的解决策略。总之,高校基层党建提质增效要注重实效性、针对性和创新性,不断适应新形势新任务新要求,为推动高等教育事业健康发展提供坚强的政治保证。

径向压缩下圆环砂岩样的力学特性研究

为了研究径向压缩下圆环试样孔壁处的应力特征,利用厚度为34 mm,外径为50 mm的完整圆盘及不同内径(8～30 mm)的圆环砂岩试样,在巴西劈裂试验中测量孔壁的应变变化,分析试样的力学特性。试验结果表明:圆环试样的峰值载荷随着内径的增大而逐渐减少。圆盘和内径较小的圆环试样达到峰值载荷时出现了失稳破坏,载荷迅速跌落:当内径大于16 mm,圆环试样达到峰值载荷后,载荷略有下降,但是试样并没有出现失稳破坏,而是持续压缩一定时间后才破裂。圆环最弱部位拉应力不是材料参数,而是一个结构参数,且随圆环内径而变化,基于弹性理论的Hobbs公式不能用于计算岩石抗拉强度。孔壁岩石的破裂只能是达到拉伸变形极限才会破裂,不能以拉伸应力作为破坏指标。研究结果为理解岩石在压拉组合下的力学特征提供了参考。

利用SNP芯片和BSA分析规模化定位小麦抗白粉病基因

规模化定位小麦品种携带的抗白粉病基因对于抗病性种质创新和新品种选育具有重要的意义。本研究采用Illumina Infinium i Select 90k SNP芯片结合集群分离分析法(bulked segregate analysis,BSA)对36个河南省小麦新品系携带的抗白粉病基因进行了定位。SNP芯片检测表明,在24个小麦品系构建的抗、感池DNA间可检测到一个明显富集的SNP峰,表明其可能携带单一主效抗白粉病基因;在其他12个小麦品系构建的抗、感池DNA间可检测到多个SNP峰,推测其可能含多个抗白粉病基因。有26个小麦品系在2AL染色体上检测到的SNP数目最多,推测其携带位于2AL染色体上的Pm4b抗白粉病基因。开发出与2AL染色体上抗白粉病基因紧密连锁的分子标记Xwggc116,可用于这些小麦品系中抗白粉病基因的分子检测。研究结果表明,高通量SNP分析技术平台可以用来规模化定位小麦品种中的抗白粉病基因。明确了河南省抗白粉病小麦品系中携带Pm2、Pm4b、Pm21和新1BL/1RS易位等有限的抗白粉病基因,抗病基因资源非常狭窄,亟需引进新的多样化抗病基因资源,拓宽遗传基础,培育抗病小麦新品种。

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞中微管相关蛋白轻链3和溶酶体相关膜蛋白2基因表达及其临床意义

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中巨自噬标志性分子微管相关蛋白轻链3 (LC3)和分子伴侣介导的自噬(CMA)标志性分子溶酶体相关膜蛋白2(LAMP-2)基因表达,探讨其与SLE发病的关系。方法纳入2017年11月至2018年3月在川北医学院附属医院风湿免疫科诊治的88例SLE患者(SLE),采用密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核白细胞(PBMCs);采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定患者PBMCs中LC3和LAMP-2在mRNA水平的表达量;采用SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分判断疾病活动度,分析LC3和LAMP-2表达与SLE患者临床特点及病情活动度的相关性。同期纳入年龄匹配的40例健康体检者作为正常对照组。结果正常对照组受检者PBMCs中LC3 mRNA和LAMP-2 mRNA相对表达量分别为1. 021±0. 551和1. 015±0. 667,SLE组患者分别为0. 783±0. 435和2. 402±2. 233,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0. 020、0. 000)。SLE患者PBMCs中LAMP-2 mRNA表达水平与SLEDAI呈明显正相关(rs=0. 312,P=0. 003),LC3mRNA表达水平与SLEDAI无明显相关性(rs=-0. 175,P=0. 103)。LAMP-2 mRNA表达量升高患者肾脏损害发生率明显高于非升高患者(40. 7%vs. 16. 3%),LC3 mRNA表达量降低患者的血液系统受累率明显高于无LC3 mRNA表达降低患者(65. 2%vs. 32. 3%),差异均有统计学意义(P=0. 013、0. 006)。不同LC3 mRNA和LAMP-2 mRNA表达水平组实验室检查指标和治疗效果的患者分布差异均无统计学意义(均P>0. 05)。结论 SLE患者LC3 mRNA表达水平下调,LAMP-2 mRNA表达水平上调,提示SLE患者存在巨自噬功能不足。SLE患者CMA功能增强,并且与肾脏和血液系统受累有关。

基于网络药理学的七首复方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制研究

利用网络药理学和生物信息学技术分析《溃疡性结肠炎中医诊疗专家共识意见》(2017)七首中医经典复方治疗溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的作用机制,以筛选治疗UC的潜在共有的重要成分、靶点及通路,同时分析每首复方独有的重要成分、靶点及通路,并对重要证型脾肾阳虚型UC的重要靶点进行实验验证。通过网络药理学方法,筛选出7首中医经典复方的4个共有重要成分、42个共有重要靶点、30个独有重要成分、14个独有重要靶点;KEGG通路分析显示,共有重要靶点主要涉及炎症与疾病相关通路;每首复方独有通路主要涉及HIF-1、T细胞受体等炎症相关通路以及阿尔茨海默病等疾病相关通路;采用AutoDock vina对重要成分和重要靶点进行分子对接验证;采用“饮食失节+劳倦过度+番泻叶灌胃+葡聚糖硫酸钠”建立病证结合的大鼠脾肾阳虚型UC模型,灌胃给予附子理中丸混悬液(1.2 g/kg)21 d后,采用ELISA验证其重要靶点。结果表明,附子理中丸能显著降低脾肾阳虚型UC模型大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平(P<0.001)。本研究初步提示了七首经典复方治疗UC的潜在共性作用机制为消除炎症、调节免疫、调节细胞凋亡及抗癌等作用;附子理中丸可以调控TNF、IL-6等重要靶点,发挥治疗脾肾阳虚型UC的作用,其机制可能与调控T细胞受体等炎症通路相关;β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、白桦脂酸、山柰酚等参与不同UC中医证型的治疗,为治疗不同UC中医证型的潜在药物发现及临床精准治疗提供参考,也为UC辨证分型的潜在特异性评价指标提供新思路。

开挖卸荷-射孔压裂下高应力硬岩的应力分布与裂纹扩展

本文以深部硬岩矿山中射孔压裂辅助机械开挖为背景,推导了开挖卸荷-射孔压裂下应力分布理论模型,并基于离散元法建立了开挖卸荷-射孔压裂的流固耦合数值模型。通过与理论模型对比,验证了数值模型的准确性,并进一步研究了开挖卸荷下单射孔位置x_(0)、注液压力p_(t)、射孔长度h_(f)以及双射孔压裂对裂纹扩展规律的影响。结果表明:开挖卸荷-单射孔压裂下不同射孔压裂参数x_(0)、p_(t)、h_(f)对应力分布规律的影响不同。随x_(0)、p_(t)、h_(f)的增大,开挖卸荷-单射孔压裂下裂纹数量均有所增多,但裂纹扩展规律存在明显差异。在开挖卸荷-双射孔压裂下,压裂效果优于单射孔压裂,随hf的增大,裂纹数量增多,双射孔中间区域裂纹贯通。

深圳市南山区2005—2016年淋病流行特征及ARIMA模型发病趋势预测

目的了解深圳市南山区淋病流行特征及发病趋势,为制定控制策略提供科学依据。方法对2005年1月—2016年12月深圳市南山区报告的淋病病例资料进行流行病学分析,并利用ARIMA模型进行发病趋势预测。结果深圳市南山区2005—2016年累计报告淋病9 590例,报告发病率波动在59.45/10万~102.74/10万,年均报告发病率为78.79/10万。年龄主要集中在20~45岁,占88.06%;职业以工人、干部职员和家务及待业为主,占70.23%。淋病月发病率波动在2.84/10万~10.56/10万。构建的ARIMA(1,1,1)模型,对深圳市南山区2017年淋病发病率进行预测,结果显示2017年1—5月深圳市南山区淋病预测发病率与实际发病率的波动形势基本一致,实际发病率略高于预测值,但均是在预测值的95%置信区间。结论该区淋病疫情较重,ARIMA模型能较精准地预测淋病的发病趋势,预测结果提示淋病的发病维持在较高水平,建议根据淋病流行特点采取有效的防治措施。

Dynamic response and failure of rock in initial gradientstress field under stress wave loading

Once an opening is created in deep underground,the stresses surrounding the opening will be redistributed,inducing a gradient stress field.To understand how the ground rock in such a gradient stress field responses to dynamic stress loading,the gradient stress distribution at a circular opening was first analyzed and the propagation of 1D stress wave in rock mass under gradient stress field was theoretically derived.By using an implicit to explicit solution method in LS-DYNA code,the dynamic mechanical behaviors of rock in gradient stress field were numerically investigated.The results indicate that the damage is mainly produced at or near the free face,partly due to the straight action of compressive stress wave and the tensile stress wave generated at the free face.The range of the induced damage zone is narrowed under the conditions of higher gradient stress rate and lower dynamic stress amplitude.However,under lower gradient stress field and higher dynamic stress,the damage becomes severer and wider with discontinuous failure regions.

高湿环境平行双裂隙砂岩单轴压缩破坏及裂纹扩展特性

深部裂隙矿柱长期受高湿环境中水分子所侵蚀,其化学动力过程与矿房稳定性及控制地表沉降密切相关。对预制平行双裂隙标准砂岩试样进行了单轴压缩试验,研究高湿对裂隙砂岩强度变形特性、裂纹演化以及破坏模式的影响,结合电镜扫描和XRD衍射,分析了试件在高湿环境水化作用前后的微细观结构变化和质量损失特征。结果表明:①试样结构疏松程度与湿度成正相关,湿度升高,试样表观致密结构变得松散并伴有次生孔隙发育,形成模糊的层间界面,且微裂隙数目增加,质量损失率加剧。②裂隙砂岩在单轴压缩下主要有拉伸破坏,剪切破坏和二者混合型破坏。裂纹萌生的类型主要有翼形裂纹、反抗拉裂纹以及共面/非共面次级裂纹。其裂纹扩展及破坏模式受控于湿度,随着湿度升高,裂纹起裂应力和贯通应力降低,宏观裂纹发育的整体数量呈下降趋势,且其破坏模式由剪切破坏过渡到拉伸破坏。③高湿环境对裂隙砂岩产生水岩化学作用,减弱了裂隙结构面以及矿物颗粒间的摩擦作用,降低了其峰值强度,峰值应变和弹性模量,提高了泊松比,加速了裂隙砂岩的破坏。

Conventional triaxial compression on hollow cylinders of sandstone with various fillings: Relationship of surrounding rock with support

The interaction of surrounding rock with a support system in deep underground tunnels has attracted extensive interest from researchers.However,the effect of high axial stress on tunnel stability has not been fully considered.In this study,compression tests with and without confining pressure were conducted on solid specimens and hollow cylinder specimens filled with aluminium,lead,and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)to investigate the strength,deformation and failure characteristics of circular roadways subjected to high axial stress.The influence of the three-dimensional stress on the surrounding rock supported with different stiffness was studied.The results indicate that the strength and peak strain of hollow cylinders filled with PMMA are higher than those of hollow cylinders filled with aluminium or lead,indicating that flexible retaining is beneficial for roadway stability.The results obtained in this paper can contribute to better understanding the support failure of a buried roadway subjected to high axial stress and thus to analyzing and evaluating roadway stability.

Influence of infilling stiffness on mechanical and fracturing responses of hollow cylindrical sandstone under uniaxial compression tests

Hollow cylindrical sandstone specimens filled with Al,Pb and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),as well as hollow and solid specimens were tested under monotonic unconfined compression.The discrepancies in the elastic modulus,unconfined compressive strength and failure pattern of the specimens were studied and then illustrated.The interaction stress threshold and localized failure stress threshold were identified by the strain gauges on the rock and filling rod.The results indicated that unobvious changes in the strength and elastic modulus were found between the solid and hollow specimens,while for the hollow specimens with infillings,the strength decreases with increasing the stiffness of the infilling material.The filling material with a higher stiffness leads to a high hoop stress,and hence a stronger interfacial force.The specimens coupled with filling rod are mainly fractured with tensile cracks,while the solid and hollow specimens are typically split into blocky fragments with dominated shear fractures.Finally,the equivalent inner pressure in the opening was theoretically derived.The findings suggested in the experiments can be well explained using the theoretical thick-walled cylinder model.

Extending application of asymmetric semi-circular bend specimen to investigate mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture behavior of granite

The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.However,there are few studies on the fracture toughness determination of rock materials.In this work,a series of fracture tests were performed with the ASCB specimens made of granite.The onset of fracture,crack initiation angle and crack propagating trajectory was analyzed in detail combined with several mixed mode fracture criteria.The influence of the crack length on the mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture toughness was studied.A comparison between the fracture toughness ratios predicted by varying criteria and experimental results was conducted.The relationship between experimentally determined crack initiation angles and curves of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMTS)criterion was obtained.The fracture process of the specimen was recorded with the high-speed camera.The shortcomings of the ASCB specimens for the fracture toughness determination of rock materials were discussed.The results may provide a reference for analysis of mixed mode I and II fracture behavior of brittle materials.

QTL mapping revealed TaVp-1A conferred pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat population Yanda 1817×Beinong 6

Pre-harvest sprouting （PHS） occurs frequently in most of the wheat cultivation area worldwide, which severely reduces yield and end-use quality, resulting in substantial economic loss. In this study, quantitative trait loci （QTL） for PHS resistance were mapped using an available high-density single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR） genetic linkage map developed from a 269 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） population of Yanda 1817xBeinong 6. Using phenotypic data on two locations （Beijing and Shijiazhuang, China） in two years （2012 and 2013 harvesting seasons）, five QTLs, designated as QPhs.cau-3A. 1, QPhs.cau-3A.2, QPhs.cau-5B, QPhs.cau-4A, and QPhs.cau-6A, for PHS （GP） were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping （ICIM） （LOD≥2.5）. Two major QTLs, QPhs.cau-3A.2 and QPhs.cau-5B, were mapped on 3AL and 5BS chromosome arms, explaining 6.29-21.65% and 4.36-5.94% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Precise mapping and comparative genomic analysis revealed that the TaVp-1A flanking region on 3AL is responsible for QPhs.cau-3A.2. SNP markers flanking QPhs.cau-3A.2 genomic region were developed and could be used for introgression of PHS tolerance into high yielding wheat varieties through marker-assisted selection （MAS）.

不同湿度条件下砂岩的单轴压缩力学特性及其劣化机理研究

为了探究矿山高湿环境下围岩体的力学特性,基于自制的湿度环境控制模拟装置,研究单轴压缩条件下不同相对湿度条件(70%,80%,90%和100%)下的砂岩试样的力学特征及劣化机理。研究结果表明:1)随着环境相对湿度的增加,砂岩的孔隙度逐渐增加,而质量和强度均明显降低,但湿度对试件的腐蚀能力在达到一定时间后变弱;2)在单轴压缩条件下砂岩的声发射变化规律与应力演化特征较为一致,高湿环境下试样声发射事件数量比干燥条件下明显减少;3)随着环境相对湿度的增大,砂岩破碎的分形维数逐渐增大,分形位置参数和碎块尺度参数值逐渐变小,砂岩破坏后碎块尺寸和分布集中程度逐渐变小。4)砂岩钠长石和方解石峰值衍射强度及矿物含量均随相对湿度的增大而降低,而微裂纹大小及数量则随相对湿度的增大而增大,高湿环境下砂岩的损伤劣化机理包含了物理和化学侵蚀等联合作用结果。研究结果将为矿山高湿环境下围岩稳定性控制提供一定的参考。

Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmTm4 in wheat using comparative genomics

Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,is one of the most severe wheat diseases.Mining powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat cultivars and their appliance in breeding program is a promising way to control this disease.Genetic analysis revealed that a single dominant resistance gene named PmTm4 originated from Chinese wheat line Tangmai 4 confers resistance to prevailing isolates of B.graminis f.sp.tritici isolate E09.Detailed comparative genomics analyses helped to develop closely linked markers to PmTm4 and a fine genetic map was constructed using large F2population,in which PmTm4 was located into a 0.66-c M genetic interval.The orthologous subgenome region of PmTm4in Aegilops tauschii was identified,and two resistance gene analogs（RGA）were characterized from the corresponding sequence scaffolds of Ae.tauschii draft assembly.The closely linked markers and identified Ae.tauschii orthologs in the mapping interval provide an entry point for chromosome landing and map-based cloning of PmTm4.

Comparative genetic mapping revealed powdery mildew resistance gene MlWE4 derived from wild emmer is located in same genomic region of Pm36 and Ml3D232 on chromosome 5BL

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating wheat diseases. Wild emmer wheat（Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides） is a promising source of disease resistance for wheat. A powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09, originating from wild emmer wheat, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line WE4 through crossing and backcrossing. Genetic analyses indicated that the powdery mildew resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated Ml WE4. By mean of comparative genomics and bulked segregant analysis, a genetic linkage map of Ml WE4 was constructed, and Ml WE4 was mapped on the distal region of chromosome arm 5BL. Comparative genetic linkage maps showed that genes Ml WE4, Pm36 and Ml3D232 were co-segregated with markers XBD37670 and XBD37680, indicating they are likely the same gene or alleles in the same locus. The co-segregated markers provide a starting point for chromosome landing and map-based cloning of Ml WE4, Pm36 and Ml3D232.

基础教育质量监测现状与改进对策

在党中央的领导下,我国基础教育事业取得了辉煌的成就,已迈入全面提高育人质量的新阶段。对基础教育质量监测现状进行深入分析后发现,存在监测队伍专业水平不足、职责不清、监测报告公开范围小、质量监测内容和方式有待进一步完善等问题。进而,提出政府和学校未来在基础教育质量监测工作中要提升队伍专业化程度、完善教育督导与督导方式、增加信息公开度与教育监督、明确职责和重视监测结果等改进措施。

Molecular mapping of YrTZ2,a stripe rust resistance gene in wild emmer accession TZ-2 and its comparative analyses with Aegilops tauschii

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. Identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes are essential for effective breeding against the disease. Wild emmer accession TZ-2, originally collected from Mount Hermon, Israel, confers near-immunity resistance against several prevailing Pst races in China. A set of 200 F6：7 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between susceptible durum wheat cultivar Langdon and TZ-2 was used for stripe rust evaluation. Genetic analysis indicated that the stripe rust resistance of TZ-2 to Pst race CYR34 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated YrTZ2. Through bulked segregant analysis （BSA） with SSR markers, YrTZ2 was located on chromosome arm 1BS flanked by Xwmc230 and Xgwm413 with genetic distance of 0.8 cM （distal） and 0.3 cM （proximal）, respectively. By applying wheat 90K iSelect SNP genotyping assay, 11 polymorphic loci （consisting of 250 SNP markers） closely linked to YrTZ2 were identified. YrTZ2 was further delimited into a 0.8-cM genetic interval between SNP marker IWB19368 and SSR marker Xgwm413, and cosegregated with SNP marker IWB28744 （co-segregated with 28 SNP）. Comparative genomics analyses revealed high level of collinearity between the YrTZ2 genomic region and the orthologous region of Aegilops tauschii 1DS. The genomic region between loci IWB19368 and IWB31649 harboring YrTZ2 is orthologous to a 24.5-Mb genomic region between AT1D0112 and AT1D0150, spanning 15 contigs on chromosome 1DS. The genetic and comparative maps of YrTZ2 rovide a framework for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection of YrTZ2.

围绝经期女性乳腺癌机会性筛查情况及影响因素分析

目的调查围绝经期女性乳腺癌机会性筛查情况,分析相关影响因素。方法收集2015年3月-2019年3月在温州医科大学附属第一医院围绝经期门诊初次就诊的女性作为研究对象,采用调查问卷分析其接受乳腺癌机会性筛查的情况,并采用Logistic多元回归分析探讨影响围绝经期女性乳腺癌机会性筛查的因素。结果最终纳入1357例研究对象,422例在本次就诊前1年内行乳腺癌机会性筛查,占31.1%,其中采用乳腺超声检查者最多,占59.5%。Logistic回归分析显示:受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、人工流产史、既往乳腺疾病史、肥胖是乳腺癌机会性筛查的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论围绝经期女性的乳腺癌筛查率较低,进行乳房自检的女性较少,乳腺癌筛查率与围绝经期女性受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、人工流产史、既往乳腺疾病史、肥胖有关,应加强围绝经期女性对早期乳腺癌机会性筛查重要性的认识,以提高乳腺癌的预防与控制水平。

蒲公英酚类特征成分含量测定及其特征图谱质量表征关联分析

目的：建立蒲公英酚类特征成分的含量测定方法及其酚类特征图谱质量表征关联分析方法,应用关联分析评价模式,以有效、精准地评价蒲公英饮片质量。方法：采用HPLC对15批蒲公英饮片中的酚类特征成分（原儿茶酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、异绿原酸A和菊苣酸、木犀草素、木犀草苷）进行含量测定。建立蒲公英酚类特征图谱,基于特征图谱中特征峰的梳理及所属化学类型对15批蒲公英饮片进行质的表征;基于特征图谱中特征成分原儿茶酸,单咖啡酰酒石酸,绿原酸,咖啡酸,对香豆酸,异绿原酸A,菊苣酸,木犀草苷,木犀草素及酚酸类（以咖啡酸表征）,黄酮类（以木犀草素表征）的含量和峰面积分别对15批蒲公英饮片进行量的表征,并基于基准饮片对15批蒲公英饮片质与量的表征结果进行关联性分析。结果：各特征成分均具有良好的线性关系,方法学考察符合定量要求。以样品S1为基准饮片,在蒲公英酚类特征图谱中共含有14个特征峰,其中酚酸类成分特征峰10个,黄酮类成分特征峰4个,15批饮片色谱图中均含有此14个特征峰。采用质量表征关联分析与评价模式,得出特征成分含量总体较高的样品为S3,S14,S4,S6,S9和S12;与基准饮片关联度较高的样品为S10,S6,S12,S7和S2;综合评价得优良度居前的样品为S6,S12,S3,S10和S1。结论：所建立的蒲公英酚类特征成分含量测定方法简便、准确,构建的蒲公英酚类特征图谱质量表征关联分析模式可用于分析蒲公英饮片的质量与应用有效性,可有效精准地评价蒲公英的质量。