Eye diagnosis is a method for inspecting systemic diseases and syndromes by observing the eyes.With the development of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);artificial intelligence(AI)can improve ...Eye diagnosis is a method for inspecting systemic diseases and syndromes by observing the eyes.With the development of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);artificial intelligence(AI)can improve the accuracy and efficiency of eye diagnosis.However;the research on intelligent eye diagnosis still faces many challenges;including the lack of standardized and precisely labeled data;multi-modal information analysis;and artificial in-telligence models for syndrome differentiation.The widespread application of AI models in medicine provides new insights and opportunities for the research of eye diagnosis intelli-gence.This study elaborates on the three key technologies of AI models in the intelligent ap-plication of TCM eye diagnosis;and explores the implications for the research of eye diagno-sis intelligence.First;a database concerning eye diagnosis was established based on self-su-pervised learning so as to solve the issues related to the lack of standardized and precisely la-beled data.Next;the cross-modal understanding and generation of deep neural network models to address the problem of lacking multi-modal information analysis.Last;the build-ing of data-driven models for eye diagnosis to tackle the issue of the absence of syndrome dif-ferentiation models.In summary;research on intelligent eye diagnosis has great potential to be applied the surge of AI model applications.展开更多
【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促...【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促进猪生产性能的作用机制研究提供理论基础。【方法】首先,从NCBI中获得SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A的基因序列,利用ClustalX2和ExPASy分析两者的蛋白序列和结构差异,利用MEGA-X构建两者与其他物种MT蛋白分子的进化树。其次,构建pET-28a-SUMO-SsMT-1A/SsMT-2A原核表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)plysS,用IPTG诱导表达。利用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析和葡聚糖凝胶层析纯化重组蛋白。最后,利用大肠杆菌金属耐受性实验、圆二色光谱(circular dichroism,CD)、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser analytic ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)和等温微量热仪(isothermal micrometer calorimetry,ITC)分析SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。【结果】生物信息学分析表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A蛋白分子的同源性较高,半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)含量和排列基序完全一致,仅有8个非Cys位点差异。经原核表达、Ni-NTA柱和Superdex-75柱纯化、SUMO酶酶切,成功获得了SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A。金属耐受性试验表明:与SsMT-2A相比,转SsMT-1A大肠杆菌具有较强的Zn和Cu耐受性。CD光谱表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A均可与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合,两者均展示了Zn(Ⅱ)结合偏好性,然而,SsMT-1A较SsMT-2A具有较强的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合能力。MALDI-TOF-MS表明:apo-SsMT-1A和apo-SsMT-2A的分子量分别为6047.5 Da和6048 Da,SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合不稳定。ITC表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合不稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合稳定,两者结合Cu(Ⅰ)的化学计量数均为7,SsMT-1A结合Zn(Ⅱ)的化学计量数为2。【结论】虽然SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A具有较高的同源性,然而,8个非Cys位点的差异决定了两者金属结合特性的差别。尽管SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A共享了高度一致的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合行为,然而,两者与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性存在细微差别,两者不应被认为是完全生理等价分子。在生理条件下:SsMT-1A可能发挥重金属离子的解毒作用,SsMT-2A可能发挥Zn内稳态的调控作用。本研究为进一步阐明SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A调节金属离子内稳态,发挥促进猪生产性能的作用研究奠定了基础。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274265 and 82274588)Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Unveiled Marshal Programs(2022XJJB003).
文摘Eye diagnosis is a method for inspecting systemic diseases and syndromes by observing the eyes.With the development of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);artificial intelligence(AI)can improve the accuracy and efficiency of eye diagnosis.However;the research on intelligent eye diagnosis still faces many challenges;including the lack of standardized and precisely labeled data;multi-modal information analysis;and artificial in-telligence models for syndrome differentiation.The widespread application of AI models in medicine provides new insights and opportunities for the research of eye diagnosis intelli-gence.This study elaborates on the three key technologies of AI models in the intelligent ap-plication of TCM eye diagnosis;and explores the implications for the research of eye diagno-sis intelligence.First;a database concerning eye diagnosis was established based on self-su-pervised learning so as to solve the issues related to the lack of standardized and precisely la-beled data.Next;the cross-modal understanding and generation of deep neural network models to address the problem of lacking multi-modal information analysis.Last;the build-ing of data-driven models for eye diagnosis to tackle the issue of the absence of syndrome dif-ferentiation models.In summary;research on intelligent eye diagnosis has great potential to be applied the surge of AI model applications.
文摘【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促进猪生产性能的作用机制研究提供理论基础。【方法】首先,从NCBI中获得SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A的基因序列,利用ClustalX2和ExPASy分析两者的蛋白序列和结构差异,利用MEGA-X构建两者与其他物种MT蛋白分子的进化树。其次,构建pET-28a-SUMO-SsMT-1A/SsMT-2A原核表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)plysS,用IPTG诱导表达。利用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析和葡聚糖凝胶层析纯化重组蛋白。最后,利用大肠杆菌金属耐受性实验、圆二色光谱(circular dichroism,CD)、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser analytic ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)和等温微量热仪(isothermal micrometer calorimetry,ITC)分析SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。【结果】生物信息学分析表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A蛋白分子的同源性较高,半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)含量和排列基序完全一致,仅有8个非Cys位点差异。经原核表达、Ni-NTA柱和Superdex-75柱纯化、SUMO酶酶切,成功获得了SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A。金属耐受性试验表明:与SsMT-2A相比,转SsMT-1A大肠杆菌具有较强的Zn和Cu耐受性。CD光谱表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A均可与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合,两者均展示了Zn(Ⅱ)结合偏好性,然而,SsMT-1A较SsMT-2A具有较强的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合能力。MALDI-TOF-MS表明:apo-SsMT-1A和apo-SsMT-2A的分子量分别为6047.5 Da和6048 Da,SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合不稳定。ITC表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合不稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合稳定,两者结合Cu(Ⅰ)的化学计量数均为7,SsMT-1A结合Zn(Ⅱ)的化学计量数为2。【结论】虽然SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A具有较高的同源性,然而,8个非Cys位点的差异决定了两者金属结合特性的差别。尽管SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A共享了高度一致的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合行为,然而,两者与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性存在细微差别,两者不应被认为是完全生理等价分子。在生理条件下:SsMT-1A可能发挥重金属离子的解毒作用,SsMT-2A可能发挥Zn内稳态的调控作用。本研究为进一步阐明SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A调节金属离子内稳态,发挥促进猪生产性能的作用研究奠定了基础。
