轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的制备及性能研究

本文利用新疆地区粉煤灰和微硅粉等典型固废资源为原料,开展轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土制备技术研究,分析了原料配比、水料比和发气剂掺量对制品绝干密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,当m(粉煤灰)∶m(微硅粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(生石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(石膏)=30∶25∶10∶25∶8∶2、铝粉量为总物料质量的0.10%、水料比为0.58、蒸压温度为195℃、蒸压压力为1.2 MPa、蒸压时间为8 h时,轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的绝干密度为568.70 kg/m^(3),抗压强度为5.4 MPa,导热系数为0.140 W/(m·K),达到了A5.0、B06等级。

众创空间的政策反馈研究

基于政策反馈理论,以全国数据为样本,探析达成众创空间政策目标的因果复杂机制。研究发现:资源效应、解释效应、演化效应、学习效应和营商环境能够以组态形式达成政策目标;解释效应是达成政策目标的关键核心条件;不同政策目标所需政策资源和强度具有明显差异。各政策目标均产生了5条组态路径,可归纳为3种构型,即并驾齐驱型强调全要素政策资源配置;主动有为型注重解释效应为关键基础;辅以其他政策资源,无为而治型则倾向于依赖市场运行机制,鼓励自由生长。

长江中游地区不同钾肥用量对油菜生物量、产量和养分吸收利用的影响

2021~2022年在长江中游地区湖北省武汉市江夏区开展田间试验,研究不同氯化钾施用量对油菜苗期及成熟期生物量、产量和养分吸收分配的影响。试验设置6个氯化钾施用量处理,分别为K_(0)(K_(2)O 0 kg/hm^(2))、K_(30)(K_(2)O30 kg/hm^(2))、K_(60)(K_(2)O 60 kg/hm^(2))、K_(90)(K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))、K_(120)(K_(2)O 120 kg/hm^(2))和K_(150)(K_(2)O 150 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着钾肥用量的提高,油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位生物量和产量显著增加,其中最高增产量和增产率分别为1199.6 kg/hm^(2)和57.2%。当施钾量超过120 kg/hm^(2)后油菜生物量和产量均不再显著增加。油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位钾含量随着钾肥用量的增加而显著提高,氮含量均无显著变化,但成熟期籽粒中的磷含量随着施钾量的提高而显著增加。钾肥偏生产力随着钾肥用量的提高而显著降低,但钾肥农学利用率、生理利用率、表观利用率以及收获指数均在施钾量为90 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大,随后逐渐减小。经济效益分析表明施钾量为120 kg/hm^(2)时产投比和净收入达到最大,再继续增加钾肥用量经济效益反而会降低,结合线性加平台方程拟合结果该地区实现经济效益最大化的推荐施钾量为114.6 kg/hm^(2)。综上,合理施用钾肥能够显著提升油菜生物量、氮、磷和钾等养分积累量,提升株高、一级分枝数和角果数,实现增产和最大经济效益。

镍系配合物催化乙烯选择性齐聚的研究进展

α-烯烃是一类可用于生产聚烯烃、合成润滑油、表面活性剂等产品的重要化工原料,目前主要通过乙烯齐聚工艺进行生产。在乙烯齐聚过程中,催化剂起着重要作用。在其催化剂的研究中,部分镍系配合物催化剂因表现出优良的催化性能及良好的发展和应用前景而受到重视。文中主要从配体结构如单齿型配体、双齿型配体、多齿型配体及产物选择性等方面介绍了镍系配合物催化乙烯齐聚的发展情况,阐述了近年来镍系催化剂已取得的突破和研究成果,展望了该领域未来的研究方向。

铒/钪-锆微量添加对Al-5Mg-3Zn合金热轧态组织和性能的影响

向Al-5Mg-3Zn合金中分别复合添加了锆(0.1%,质量分数,下同)和铒(0.2%)、锆(0.1%)和钪(0.2%),并进行热轧,研究了铒-锆、钪-锆微量添加对合金显微组织、拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:复合添加锆-铒或锆-钪元素能使合金热轧后保留更多变形组织,抑制合金的动态再结晶,且锆-钪元素的抑制作用强于锆-铒;热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn合金晶内出现少量尺寸较大的T相,热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn-0.2Er-0.1Zr、Al-5Mg-3Zn-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金晶内除了T相,还分别存在Al3(Er,Zr)相和Al3(Sc,Zr)相,3种试验合金晶界处均无析出相和沉淀析出带;相比热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn合金,热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn-0.2Er-0.1Zr合金抗拉强度、屈服强度分别提升了9.3%,34.3%,热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金分别提升了24.8%,35.6%;3种热轧态试验合金均保持良好的耐腐蚀性,热轧态Al-5Mg-3Zn合金的耐腐蚀性能更优。

AlSc15中间合金中Al_(3)Sc金属间化合物的电化学行为及对局部腐蚀的影响

将过共晶AlSc15合金加热至液态,以10℃/h速率冷却得到毫米级尺寸的Al_(3)Sc金属间化合物。利用微区电化学和扫描开尔文探针力显微镜(SKPFM)研究了Al_(3)Sc金属间化合物在不同pH值的0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的电化学特征及对局部腐蚀敏感性的影响。结果表明,Al_(3)Sc金属间化合物存在自钝化现象,且在碱性环境中有明显的维钝区域;随着pH值的增加,Al_(3)Sc腐蚀电位逐渐降低,在中性和碱性条件下的腐蚀速率明显低于酸性条件下的;Al_(3)Sc金属间化合物与周围铝基体之间的伏打电位差约为40 mV,在铝合金中可能作为较弱的局部阴极,对电偶腐蚀的影响不大。

Si对Al-Er合金时效行为及析出相微观结构的影响

通过显微硬度计、电导率测量仪和透射电镜等研究了添加不同含量的Si对Al-Er合金在不同温度下的时效行为及析出相微观结构的影响。结果表明:Si含量在0.15%和0.25%时,合金时效过程中无明显时效强化现象,Si含量为0.50%时合金时效强化效果最佳,275℃等温时效72 h时达到硬度峰值(约为40.3 HV0.1),随后迅速下降出现过时效。在时效过程中,从Al-0.04Er-0.50Si合金基体中脱溶出的溶质原子最多,形成更多析出相,提高了合金的硬度,电导率增幅达4.0%IACS。Al-0.04Er-0.50Si合金经过等温时效处理后析出相数密度大大提高,并且析出相结构不再是Al-Er合金中L1_(2)结构的Al_(3)Er相而是转变为PuAl_(3)(HT)型结构的ErAl_(2.8)Si_(0.2)(τ1)相。

国产图迈机器人在腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的应用研究

目的:使用国产图迈机器人行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除手术,观察其安全性及使用效果。方法:收集2023年1月至2023年5月前列腺癌患者40例,患者均行机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术,采取保留膀胱颈和最大长度功能性尿道的手术方法。按使用机器人系统不同,分为观察组(图迈机器人组)和对照组(达芬奇机器人组),观察机械臂安装时间、腔内手术时间、尿道吻合时间、术中出血量、术后尿控等指标。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,观察组和对照组机械臂中位安装时间分别为6 min vs 5 min(P>0.05),腔内手术中位时间分别为146 min vs 130 min(P<0.05),尿道吻合中位时间分别为19 min vs 16 min(P<0.05),术中中位出血量分别为200 ml vs 150 ml(P>0.05)。术后即刻、1个月、3个月、6个月尿控恢复率分别为9/15(60.0%)vs 16/25(64.0%)、12/15(80.0%)vs 19/25(76.0%)、14/15(93.3%)vs 23/25(92.0%),15/15(100%)vs 24/25(96%),两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:国产图迈机器人系统行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除手术安全可靠,术后尿控效果满意。

Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis

Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia(AML),the identification of biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is critical.Cell surface markers(CSMs)have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression.In the current study,we evaluated the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in 130 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)based on differential gene expression analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.By using multi-model analysis,including Adaptive LASSO regression,LASSO regression,and Elastic Net,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of the AML patients.The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score was further validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels.Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients.The AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores had a shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with low scores.Notably,single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibited chemotherapy resistance.Furthermore,PI3K inhibitors were identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients.In conclusion,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model that served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and held the potential for guiding drug therapy.

数字式直流电阻箱校准结果的测量不确定度评定

针对直流低值电阻表的溯源问题,我单位研制了一款高精度的数字式直流电阻箱。本文以数字式直流电阻箱为研究对象,介绍了数字式直流电阻箱的实现原理,搭建了数字式直流电阻箱的校准系统对其进行校准,并开展了测量不确定度评定。由测量不确定度评定结果可知,数字式直流电阻箱校准结果的测量不确定度最高可达1.4×10^(-6)。

94例妇科门诊就诊人群阴道微生态分布特征情况及临床症状调查分析

目的分析94例妇科门诊就诊人群阴道微生态分布特征及临床症状情况。方法选取2021年1—12月丰城市中医院妇科门诊就诊的94例女性作为研究对象,采集其阴道分泌物,进行微生态检查,根据阴道微生态情况分为正常组、微生态失调组与炎症组。比较3组临床特征、阴道微生态系统功能学指标[阴道微环境pH值、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)、白细胞酯酶(leukocyte esterase,LE)、唾液酸苷酶(si�aly glycoside enzyme,SNa)、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(acetylglucosaminidase,GlcNac)、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(β-glucuronidase,GUS)]症状体征评分及白带情况,分析阴道微生态系统形态学检测指标。结果94例患者中,正常组32例(34.04%),微生态失调组39例(41.49%),炎症组23例(24.47%);3组年龄、体质量、体重指数、婚姻状况、孕次、产次、文化程度、人乳头瘤病毒感染、家庭月收入及月经情况比较差异无统计学意义;乳酸杆菌+级占比43.62%,菌群密集度Ⅳ级占比53.19%,菌群多样性Ⅳ级占比48.94%,Nugent评分≤3分占比39.36%,菌丝孢子检出情况占比12.77%和滴虫检出情况占比5.32%;3组pH及H2O2、LE、SNa、GlcNac、GUS阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);炎症组pH值、SNa、GUS阳性率均高于正常组与微生态失调组,LE、GlcNac阳性率均高于正常组,微生态失调组pH值、LE、GlcNac阳性率均高于正常组,H2O2阳性率低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);炎症组症状体征评分高于微生态失调组,炎症组症状体征评分、白带增多发生率均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正常组与微生态失调组白带增多发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论妇阴道微生态检测可整体全面评估阴道微生态情况,同时诊断多种阴道炎症及混合性阴道感染,指导临床对症治疗,促进阴道免疫调节和阴道微生态平衡,降低阴道感染复发率。

改进CNN的风力机叶片故障诊断方法

针对图像分辨率低的风力机叶片图像会导致故障诊断过程中精度和速度降低等问题,提出了一种基于小波变换、深度可分离卷积和卷积块注意力机制模块的轻量级改进VGG-19模型;使用DB4小波和基于形态学的增强技术来提高风力机叶片图像的质量,然后将VGG-19中的传统卷积层替换为深度可分离卷积层,以减少网络参数的数量并提高训练效率,最后引入卷积注意力机制模块(Convolutional Block Attention Module, CBAM)来提高风力机叶片故障诊断的准确性;研究结果表明:所提模型的准确率为93.91%,与其他传统卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN)模型LeNet、AlexNet、GoogleNet、ResNet-50和VGG-19相比分别提高了15.06%、8.57%、3.10%、-1.13%和7.13%;测试时间为每幅图像0.046秒,较传统CNN模型每幅图像分别减少了-0.004秒、-0.002秒、0.006秒、0.015秒和0.010秒的检测时间;该模型结构轻巧,相比于其他传统CNN具有更高的准确性和更快的检测速度。

Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Dietary manganese supplementation inhibits abdominal fat deposition possibly by regulating gene expression and enzyme activity involved in lipid metabolism in the abdominal fat of broilers

Excessive abdominal fat deposition seriously restricts the production efficiency of broilers.Several studies found that dietary supplemental manganese(Mn)could effectively reduce the abdominal fat deposition of broilers,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the inorganic or organic Mn on abdominal fat deposition,and enzyme activity and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in the abdominal fat of male or female broilers.A total of 4201-d-old AA broilers(half males and half females)were randomly allotted by body weight and gender to 1 of 6 treatments with 10 replicates cages of 7 chicks per cage in a completely randomized design involving a 3(dietary Mn addition)×2(gender)factorial arrangement.Male or female broilers were fed with the Mn-unsupplemented basal diets containing 17.52 mg Mn kg^(-1)(d 1-21)and 15.62 mg Mn kg^(-1)(d 22-42)by analysis or the basal diets supplemented with 110 mg Mn kg^(-1)(d 1-21)and 80 mg Mn kg^(-1)(d 22-42)as either the Mn sulfate or the Mn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Mn-Prot M)for 42 d.The results showed that the interaction between dietary Mn addition and gender had no impact(P>0.05)on any of the measured parameters;abdominal fat percentage of broilers was decreased(P<0.003)by Mn addition;Mn addition increased(P<0.004)adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)activity,while Mn-Prot M decreased(P<0.002)the fatty acid synthase(FAS)activity in the abdominal fat of broilers compared to the control;Mn addition decreased(P<0.009)diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2(DGAT2)mRNA expression level and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)mRNA and protein expression levels,but up-regulated(P<0.05)the ATGL mRNA and protein expression levels in the abdominal fat of broilers.It was concluded that dietary supplementation with Mn inhibited the abdominal fat deposition of broilers possibly via decreasing the expression of PPARγand DGAT2 as well as increasing the expression and activity of ATGL in the abdominal fat of broilers,and Mn-Prot M was more effective in inhibiting the FAS acitivity.

A Hand Features Based Fusion Recognition Network with Enhancing Multi-Modal Correlation

Fusing hand-based features in multi-modal biometric recognition enhances anti-spoofing capabilities.Additionally,it leverages inter-modal correlation to enhance recognition performance.Concurrently,the robustness and recognition performance of the system can be enhanced through judiciously leveraging the correlation among multimodal features.Nevertheless,two issues persist in multi-modal feature fusion recognition:Firstly,the enhancement of recognition performance in fusion recognition has not comprehensively considered the inter-modality correlations among distinct modalities.Secondly,during modal fusion,improper weight selection diminishes the salience of crucial modal features,thereby diminishing the overall recognition performance.To address these two issues,we introduce an enhanced DenseNet multimodal recognition network founded on feature-level fusion.The information from the three modalities is fused akin to RGB,and the input network augments the correlation between modes through channel correlation.Within the enhanced DenseNet network,the Efficient Channel Attention Network(ECA-Net)dynamically adjusts the weight of each channel to amplify the salience of crucial information in each modal feature.Depthwise separable convolution markedly reduces the training parameters and further enhances the feature correlation.Experimental evaluations were conducted on four multimodal databases,comprising six unimodal databases,including multispectral palmprint and palm vein databases from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Equal Error Rates(EER)values were 0.0149%,0.0150%,0.0099%,and 0.0050%,correspondingly.In comparison to other network methods for palmprint,palm vein,and finger vein fusion recognition,this approach substantially enhances recognition performance,rendering it suitable for high-security environments with practical applicability.The experiments in this article utilized amodest sample database comprising 200 individuals.The subsequent phase involves preparing for the extension of the method to larger databases.

Graph neural network-based scheduling for multi-UAV-enabled communications in D2D networks

In this paper,we jointly design the power control and position dispatch for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-enabled communication in Device-to-Device(D2D)networks.Our objective is to maximize the total transmission rate of Downlink Users(DUs).Meanwhile,the Quality of Service(QoS)of all D2D users must be satisfied.We comprehensively considered the interference among D2D communications and downlink transmissions.The original problem is strongly non-convex,which requires high computational complexity for traditional optimization methods.And to make matters worse,the results are not necessarily globally optimal.In this paper,we propose a novel Graph Neural Networks(GNN)based approach that can map the considered system into a specific graph structure and achieve the optimal solution in a low complexity manner.Particularly,we first construct a GNN-based model for the proposed network,in which the transmission links and interference links are formulated as vertexes and edges,respectively.Then,by taking the channel state information and the coordinates of ground users as the inputs,as well as the location of UAVs and the transmission power of all transmitters as outputs,we obtain the mapping from inputs to outputs through training the parameters of GNN.Simulation results verified that the way to maximize the total transmission rate of DUs can be extracted effectively via the training on samples.Moreover,it also shows that the performance of proposed GNN-based method is better than that of traditional means.

A New Species of the Genus Scincella Mittleman,1950(Squamata:Scincidae)from Sichuan Province,Southwest China

The genus Scincella Mittleman,1950,within the family Scincidae,is a diverse group comprising 39 described species.The taxonomy of the genus is complex due to morphological similarities among species,which often obscures the true extent of biodiversity,resulting in several undescribed species requiring further exploration.In China,particularly within the unique ecosystems of the Hengduan Mountains,the diversity of Scincella is notably underestimated,with only 12 species currently recognized.In the present study,we describe a new species of the genus Scincella,Scincella liangshanensis sp.nov.,from Sichuan Province,Southwest China.Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the putative new species is distinct from all other known congeners.This discovery not only expands the known diversity of Scincella but also emphasizes the inadequacies in our current understanding of herpetological diversity in China.The addition of this species to the scientific record highlights the necessity for ongoing biodiversity assessments to uncover hidden species and enhance our understanding of the intricate web of life in one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.

OAM mode purity improvement based on antenna array

Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM)waves are characterized by helical wave fronts and orthogonality between different modes.Therefore,OAM waves have huge potential in improving wireless communications'channel capacity and radar imaging's resolution.Consequently,the generation and application of OAM waves have attracted a lot of attention.And many methods are proposed to generate OAM waves.Although antenna array is the most popular method of generating OAM waves,OAM waves generated by antenna array have redundant modes.However,all advantages of OAM waves are closely related to infinite OAM modes.Thus,to better apply OAM waves to wireless communications and radar,it is very important to reduce unnecessary OAM modes and improve the OAM mode purity.In order to improve the OAM mode purity,two combined antenna arrays composed of X direction antenna and Y direction antenna array are proposed in this paper.The X direction antenna array and the Y direction antenna array are supplied by the excitations with the same amplitude and fixed phase shift.The overall phase shift of the X direction antenna array isπ/2 more or less than that of the Y direction antenna array.The results of formulas and antenna models in CST show that the combined antenna arrays can generate OAM waves with less redundant modes in x component,y component and z component.Besides,the z component carries pure OAM modes.

Individual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics of migratory Whimbrels in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway

Many migratory birds exhibit interannual consistency in migration schedules,routes and stopover sites.Detecting the interannual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics helps understand the maintenance of migration and enables the implementation of targeted conservation measures.We tracked the migration of Whimbrel(Numenius phaeopus)in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and collected spatiotemporal data from individuals that were tracked for at least two years.Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used to compare the interannual variations in the dates of departure from and arrival at breeding/nonbreeding sites,and the inter-annual variation in the longitudes when the same individual across the same latitudes.Whimbrels exhibited a high degree of consistency in the use of breeding,nonbreeding,and stopover sites between years.The variation of arrival dates at nonbreeding sites was significantly larger than that of the departure dates from nonbreeding and breeding sites.Repeatedly used stopover sites by the same individuals in multiple years were concentrated in the Yellow Sea coast during northward migration,but were more widespread during southward migration.The stopover duration at repeatedly used sites was significantly longer than that at sites used only once.When flying across the Yellow Sea,Whimbrels breeding in Sakha(Yakutia)exhibited the highest consistency in migration routes in both autumn and spring.Moreover,the consistency in migration routes of Yakutia breeding birds was generally higher than that of birds breeding in Chukotka.Our results suggest that the northward migration schedule of the Whimbrels is mainly controlled by endogenous factors,while the southward migration schedule is less affected by endogenous factors.The repeated use of stopover sites in the Yellow Sea coast suggests this region is important for the migration of Whimbrel,and thus has high conservation value.