Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Value of Fungal Serology in Patients with Invasive Candidiasis

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of (1 - 3)-β-D glucan and mannan assay for invasive candidiasis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 32 cases in the disease group (18 proven invasive candidiasis and 14 probable invasive candidiasis) and 48 cases in the control group. The subjects were recruited from January 2018 to March 2019 in Clinical Laboratory of Hainan General Hospital. All subjects were detected by (1 - 3)-β-D glucan and mannan assay. Results: The mean concentration of (1 - 3)-β-D glucan in the disease group was 97.45 (43.23, 224.35) pg/ml and it was significantly higher than the mean concentration of the control group which was 49.85(41.91, 56.07) pg/ml (P = 0.005). The mean concentration of mannan in the disease group and the control group were 161.36 (34.96, 224.49) pg/ml and 25.80 (25.00, 29.31) pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly different (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of (1 - 3)-β-D glucan assay were 59.38%, 89.58%, 79.17%, 76.79%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of mannan assay were 65.63%, 95.83%, 91.30%, 80.70%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of combination of two types of assays were 81.25%, 85.42%, 78.79% and 87.23%, respectively. Conclusions: Combination of (1 - 3)-β-D glucan and mannan assay can improve diagnostic specificity and it has essential clinical diagnostic value for invasive candidiasis.

Mutation Analysis of STR Locus on 23 Autosomes in Hainan Population

[Objective] To analyze the mutation signature and regularity of STR locus on 23 autosomes in paternity testing cases in Hainan. [Methods] A total of 2715 paternity testing cases accepted by the Forensic Medical Identification Centre of our hospital from 2017 to 2020 derived from counties and cities in Hainan Province were collected, the cases containing gene mutations were selected, the mutation rate and details of each locus were counted, and the mutation regu-larity of 23 STR loci was analyzed. [Results] Of the 2715 cases identified as “support”, 1487 were triplet cases and 1640 were dyad cases, totaling 4614 meioses;There were 50 gene mutation events (including 17 triplet mutations and 33 dyad mutations), with an average mutation rate of 0.0047% and a cumulative mutation rate of 1.0837%. A total of 19 of the 23 STR loci were mutated, with a mutation rate of 0.1301% at the D12S391 locus and 0.0217% at five loci, TPOX, D1S1656, D2S441, D22S1045, and PentaD, while no muta-tion events were found at four loci, D19S433, TH01, D13S317, and D7S820. Of the 50 mutation events, 47 were one-step mutations, 1 was two-step, and 2 were three-step. There were 35 paternal mutations (13 triplets and 22 dyads), 6 maternal mutations (4 triplets and 2 dyads), and 9 indeterminate pater-nal/maternal mutations, with a paternal to maternal mutation ratio of 5.83:1. [Conclusion] The mutation rate of D12S391 locus is the highest, and the muta-tion rate of TPOX, D1S1656, D2S441, D22S1045 and PentaD loci is the lowest in Hainan population, and paternal mutations are more than maternal muta-tions. In the paternity test, if 1 - 3 STR loci do not conform to the genetic law, especially when the mutant locus is homozygous or the next of kin is identi-fied, it is necessary to use other kits to review and increase the number of loci or use the second-generation sequencing technology to confirm, carefully de-termine the mutation and ensure the accuracy of the identification conclusion.

High Expression of hsMAD2 in the Villi of Spontaneously Aborted Embryo with Chromosomal Abnormality

Objective: To investigate the changes of hsMAD2 protein and gene expression levels during chromosome segregation of human embryos. Method: The embryos of spontaneous abortion were collected in our hospital from 2009 to 2013, the chromosomal numbers of the embryonic villi were subsequently detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The patients were then divided into the normal and abnormal groups based on the chromosome number. The hsMAD2 protein and gene expression levels in the villi tissues of the two embryo groups were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The hsMAD2 protein and gene levels in the embryonic villus tissue of the patient were detected. Results: From 2009 to 2013, we collected 50 embryos from spontaneous abortion patients. The chromosome abnormality and no abnormality were 36 cases (abnormal number of 28 cases (56.0%) and chimerism in 8 cases (16.0%)) and 14 cases (28.0%), respectively. The expression of hsmad2 protein and its gene in the villi of spontaneously aborted embryo with chromosomal abnormality in the abnormal group was significantly higher than that in those without chromosomal abnormalities (0.88 ± 0.20 vs 0.61 ± 0.19, P < 0.05), (23.46 ± 0.07 vs 18.35 ± 0.10, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Abnormal number of chromosomes is closely related to spontaneous abortion Linked, hsMAD2 factor has a card effect on the cell cycle, can block the mitotic process of cells, and play an important role in maintaining the normal separation and stability of chromosomes.

Consistency Analysis of Detection Results of Two Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kits

Objective: The objective of the study is to verify the clinical validity of the following kits with the comparative experimental analysis and evaluate whether their performance can meet the clinical requirements, i.e. Class III in vitro diagnostic reagent “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probe Method)” of Daan Gene Co., Ltd. (Daan kit for short) and “Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR Method)” of Wuhan Biot Gene Co., Ltd. (Biot kit for short). Method: In the study process, the samples were divided into positive and negative groups according to the control test results, and the clinical application performance of Daan kit and Biot kit was evaluated by comparing their test results. Results: The results show that two kits indicate the same test results, i.e. 26 positive and 107 negative samples in a total of 133 male urethral discharge samples, and 32 positive and 238 negative samples in a total of 270 female cervical secretion samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the clinical test that Daan and Biot Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type II Nuc- leic Acid Test Kits are reliable, accurate, safe, convenient for use, stable and high-value in the clinical application.

Comparison of Hematological Parameters and Critical Value Analysis in the Prevention and Control of Thalassaemia in Hainan Li and Han Nationalities

Objective: To compare the distribution of “mean corpuscular hemoglobin”-MCV, “mean corpuscular volume”-MCH, “hemoglobin”-HGB, “hemoglobin A”-HbA and “hemoglobin A2”-HbA2 in α and β thalassemia hematology screening between Li and Han nationality, and analyze the best diagnostic cut-off value. Methods: Select 7816 middle school students from Li nationality area as the research object, collect peripheral blood for blood cell analysis, hemoglobin electrophoresis and thalassaemia gene detection, and compare the difference in hematological parameters of common thalassemia genotype between Li and Han nationalities. Taking the genetic test results as the gold standard, construct the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) of relevant hematology parameters, calculate the Youden index and take its maximum diagnostic cut-off point as the best critical value. Results: Comparison of hematological parameters of common thalassemia genotypes showed that the average value of MCH and MCV of -α3.7/-α4.2 type in Li nationality was lower than that of Han nationality, and the average value of HbA2 of CD41-42/βN type was higher than that of Han nationality, there was no significant difference among other genotypes. ROC curve analysis shows that the MCH, MCV, and HGB values have poor diagnostic efficiency for thalassaemia, HbA has a slightly better diagnostic efficiency for α thalassaemia, and the optimal cut-off values of HbA for Li and Han nationalities are 96.95% and 97.75%, respectively;HbA2 has better screening efficiency for β-thalassemia, and the optimal cut-off values of HbA2 for Li and Han nationalities are 4.20% and 3.45% respectively. Conclusion: In the prevention and control screening of thalassaemia in the Li and Han nationalities, hemoglobin electrophoresis technology has a better diagnostic efficiency.

星形模糊集的若干性质研究

本文从星形模糊集的定义出发,引出了拟星形模糊集和伪星形模糊集的概念,通过研究其各自重要性质给出了对应星形模糊集的若干等价判别条件;进一步,本文深入研究了它们与凸模糊集、模糊数之间的关系,丰富和完善了星形模糊集的理论。

Lower Approximation Reduction in Ordered Information System with Fuzzy Decision

Attribute reduction is one of the most important problems in rough set theory. This paper introduces the concept of lower approximation reduction in ordered information systems with fuzzy decision. Moreover, the judgment theorem and discernable matrix are obtained, in which case an approach to attribute reduction in ordered information system with fuzzy decision is constructed. As an application of lower approximation reduction, some examples are applied to examine the validity of works obtained in our works..

Methods for Lower Approximation Reduction in Inconsistent Decision Table Based on Tolerance Relation

It is well known that most of information systems are based on tolerance relation instead of the classical equivalence relation because of various factors in real-world. To acquire brief decision rules from the information systems, lower approximation reduction is needed. In this paper, the lower approximation reduction is proposed in inconsistent information systems based on tolerance relation. Moreover, the properties are discussed. Furthermore, judgment theorem and discernibility matrix are obtained, from which an approach to lower reductions can be provided in the complicated information systems.

On Starshaped Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

Intuitionistic fuzzy starshaped sets (i.f.s.) is a generalized model of fuzzy starshaped set. By the definition of i.f.s., the intuitionistic fuzzy general starshaped sets (i.f.g.s.), intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-starshaped sets (i.f.q-s.) and intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo-starshaped sets (i.f.p-s.) are proposed and the relationships among them are studied. The equivalent discrimination conditions of i.f.q-s. and i.f.p-s. are presented on the basis of their properties which are meaningful for the research of the generalized fuzzy starshaped sets. Moreover, the invariance of the two given fuzzy sets under the translation transformation and linear reversible transformation are discussed.

Rough Computational Approach to UAR based on Dominance Matrix in IOIS

Rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty. The classical rough set theory based on equivalence relation has made a great progress, while the equivalence relation is too harsh to meet and is extended to dominance relation in real world. It is important to investigate rough computational methods for rough set theory, which is one of the bottleneck problems in the development of rough set theory. In this article, rough computational approach to upper ap-proximation reduction (UAR) is discussed based on dominance matrix in inconsistent ordered information systems (IOIS). The algorithm of upper approximation reduction is obtained, from which we can provide approach to upper approximation reduction operated simply in inconsistent systems based on dominance relations. Finally, an example illustrates the validity of this method, and shows the method is excellent to a complicated information system.

On Granularity in Information Systems Based on Binary Relation

In this paper, some important issues of granularity are discussed mainly in information systems (ISs) based on binary relation. Firstly, the vector representation method of knowledge granules is proposed in an infor-mation system based on binary relation to eliminate limitations of set representation method. Secondly, operators among knowledge granularity are introduced and some important properties of them are studied carefully. Thirdly, distance between two knowledge granules is established and granular space is constructed based on it. Fourthly, axiomatic definition of knowledge granularity is investigated, and one can find that some existed knowledge granularities are special cases under the definition. In addition, as an application of knowledge granular space, an example is employed to validate some results in our work.

机械通气联合CRRT及亚低温复合技术治疗重症手足口病患儿神经源性肺水肿的临床研究

目的:探讨全身亚低温及CRRT联合机械通气复合式治疗重症手足口病患儿神经源性肺水肿的临床疗效。方法:将26例患儿随机分为复合式治疗组(亚低温 + CRRT + 机械通气组,13例)和对照组(机械通气组,13例)。分别记录患儿抢救成功率及上机时间,以及治疗前及治疗后两组患儿肝肾功能的变化。结果:复合式治疗组的抢救成功率明显高于对照组,上机时间明显短于对照组,并且治疗72小时后的复合式治疗组的肝肾功能明显优于对照组组,差异均具有统计学意义。结论:全身亚低温及CRRT联合机械通气的复合式治疗可以明显提高重症手足口病患儿抢救成功率,改善其预后,值得临床运用推广。

The Effects of Whole-course Psychological Care in Patients having Parkinson's Disease with Anxiety

Objective:This research explored the clinical effects of the whole course of psychological care in patients having Parkinson's disease with anxiety.Methods:Eighty-four patients with Parkinson's anxiety disorder at Hubei No.3 People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were randomly selected for this research.They were divided into a control group and a study group using random number table.The control group was provided with routine care while the study group was provided with psychological care in which observation and comparison of clinical effects were caried out.Results:There were no significant differences in their scores based on the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)between the two groups of patients before nursing,P>0.05.However,the scores of both,SAS and SDS of the study group after nursing intervention were lower than those of the control group.Sleep quality scores,patient satisfaction,and quality of life scores were all higher than the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:The whole course of psychological care can effectively improve anxiety and depression of patients with Parkinson's anxiety and improve their sleep quality.

The Clinical Value of Implementing Early Rehabilitation in the Nursing of Patients with Cerebral Infarction

Objective:This research studied the clinical value of implementing early rehabilitation in the nursing of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:Eighty-four patients with cerebral infarction in Hubei Third People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and a study group using the digital table method in which routine care and early rehabilitation care were given respectively and the effects were observed.Results:Prior to the nursing intervention,there was no significant difference in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and Barthel index between the two groups of patients,P>0.05.After the nursing intervention,the NIHSS of the study group was lower than that of the control group whereas the Barthel index,Quality of Life Scale,and patient satisfaction in the study group were higher than the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:The implementation of early rehabilitation in the nursing of patients with cerebral infarction can effectively improve their neurological function and quality of life in addition to a higher satisfaction among them.

完善国家公园管理体制的建议

建立国家公园体制是习近平生态文明思想的重大理论和实践创新,对于推进自然资源的科学保护和合理利用、促进人与自然和谐共生、推进美丽中国建设具有极其重要的意义。自2015年12月起,我国陆续启动了三江源、神农架、武夷山等10个国家公园体制试点(唐芳林等,2019;臧振华等,2020)。国家公园体制试点承担着破解我国自然保护地发展过程中存在的多头管理、权责不明、保护与发展矛盾突出等问题的重要使命。目前试点建设取得阶段性进展,统一分级的管理体制初步建立,保护力度持续加强,社会参与有序扩大,产生了较好的生态效益和社会效益,但在管理体制机制、资金保障等方面存在一些较为突出的问题,亟待进一步完善(黄宝荣等, 2018;臧振华等, 2020)。

东北虎豹国家公园试点经验

东北虎豹国家公园体制试点区位于吉林、黑龙江两省交界的老爷岭南部区域,跨吉林、黑龙江两省,与俄罗斯、朝鲜接壤,试点区面积1.46万km2,其中69.4%位于吉林省,30.6%位于黑龙江省(梁兵宽等, 2020)。试点区的主要保护对象为温带针阔叶混交林生态系统,以及野生东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)、东北豹(P.pardus orientalis)为旗舰物种的野生动植物及其栖息地。自2017年开展国家公园试点以来,东北虎豹国家公园在创新中央垂管体制、构建"天空地"一体化监测体系、开展跨境保护、宣传国家公园理念等方面取得积极进展,为推进国家公园体制建设积累了重要经验。

国家公园体制试点区生态产品价值实现探索

自然对人类生存和良好的生活质量至关重要。自然生态系统不仅为人类提供食品、药材、能源等物质产品,还提供水源涵养、气候调节、水土保持、防风固沙等调节服务产品,以及休闲旅游、美学体验等文化服务产品(Ouyang et al, 2020)。但由于清洁的空气、干净的水等生态产品大多属于公共产品,具有外部性,难以分清具体的权利人和受益者,因此难以仅依靠市场机制实现资源优化配置。生态产品价值实现就是通过多种政策工具干预使生态产品的价值得以真实反映,通过已有或新建交易机制进行交易,解决外部性问题(高晓龙等, 2020)。建立生态产品价值实现机制,对于践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念、推进生态文明建设具有重大意义。

生态系统原真性概念及评价方法:以长白山地区为例

我国建立国家公园的主要目的是保护自然生态系统的原真性、完整性,然而原真性的概念尚不明确,评估方法亟待建立。本文尝试厘清原真性的概念,讨论其在保护实践中的价值,探究生态系统原真性的评价方法,以期提升国家公园体制建设和自然保护地规划管理的科学性;并以长白山地区为例,基于森林清查数据,从植被角度选取起源方式、优势树种、林龄和单位蓄积4项指标构建森林生态系统原真性评价指标体系,建立权重系数、原真性值计算公式和等级划分标准。评价结果显示,研究区域森林生态系统原真性值为0.69,和龙市、安图县、抚松县、临江市和长白朝鲜族自治县分别为0.70、0.71、0.67、0.60和0.63。原真性从高到低5个等级的面积之比为9:44:33:11:3,原真性高与极高的森林面积比例占53%,空间分布呈现以长白山主峰为中心向东、北、西逐渐降低的趋势。建议基于对区域生态系统原生状态的全面了解,加强不同尺度、组成要素的原真性指标体系及评价方法研究。

Enhanced efficiency of cadmium removal by Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaud. in the presence of exogenous citric and oxalic acids

Boehmeria nivea（L.） Gaud. is a potential candidate for the remediation of Cd contaminated sites. The present investigation aims to explore Cd tolerance threshold and to quickly identify the role of exogenous organic acids in Cd uptake and abiotic metal stress damage.Elevated Cd levels（0–10 mg/L） resulted in an obvious rise in Cd accumulation, ranging from268.0 to 374.4 in root and 25.2 to 41.2 mg/kg dry weight in shoot, respectively. Citric acid at1.5 mmol/L significantly facilitated Cd uptake by 26.7% in root and by 1-fold in shoot,respectively. Cd translocation efficiency from root to shoot was improved by a maximum of66.4% under 3 mmol/L of oxalic acid. Citric acid exhibited more prominent mitigating effect than oxalic acid due to its stronger ligand affinity for chelating with metal and avoiding the toxicity injury of free Cd ions more efficiently. The present work provides a potential strategy for efficient Cd remediation with B. nivea.

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years(1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin, China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output,surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields.Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010,partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk,decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.