Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low‑Strength Centrifugation

Due to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their ran-dom restacking,2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking agents.In this work,a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti3C2Tx MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL^(-1) into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is illustrated.The as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological,tribological,electrochemical,infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets.By adopting a gel with optimized pH value,high lubrication,exceptional specific capacitances(~635 and~408 F g^(-1) at 5 and 100 mV s^(-1),respectively),long-term capacitance retention(~96.7%after 10,000 cycles)and high-precision screen-or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved,thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication,control-lable devices,supercapacitors,information encryption and infrared camouflaging.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is required for lipid export in the midgut of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is a multifunctional endocytic receptor expressed in epithelial cells.In mammals,it acts as an endocytic receptor that mediates the cellular uptake of cholesterol-containing apolipoproteins to maintain lipid homeostasis.However,little is known about the role of LRP2 in lipid homeostasis in insects.In the present study,we investigated the function of LRP2 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria(LmLRP2).The mRNA of LmLRP2 is widely distributed in various tissues,including integument,wing pads,foregut,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules and fat body,and the amounts of LmLRP2 transcripts decreased gradually in the early stages and then increased in the late stages before ecdysis during the nymphal developmental stage.Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that the LmLRP2 protein is mainly located in cellular membranes of the midgut and hindgut.Using RNAi to silence LmLRP2 caused molting defects in nymphs(more than 60%),and the neutral lipid was found to accumulate in the midgut and surface of the integument,but not in the fat body,of dsLmLRP2-treated nymphs.The results of a lipidomics analysis showed that the main components of lipids(diglyceride and triglyceride)were significantly increased in the midgut,but decreased in the fat body and hemolymph.Furthermore,the content of total triglyceride was significantly increased in the midgut,but markedly decreased in the fat body and hemolymph in dsLmLRP2-injected nymphs.Our results indicate that LmLRP2 is located in the cellular membranes of midgut cells,and is required for lipid export from the midgut to the hemolymphand fat body in locusts.

Development and formation of wing cuticle based on transcriptomic analysis in Locusta migratoria during metamorphosis

Wings are an important flight organ of insects.Wing development is a complex process controlled by a series of genes.The flightless wing pad transforms into a mature wing with the function of migratory flight during the nymphto-adult metamorphosis.However,the mechanism of wing morphogenesis in locusts is still unclear.This study analyzed the microstructures of the locust wing pads at pre-eclosion and the wings after eclosion and performed the comparative transcriptome analysis.RNA-seq identified 25,334 unigenesand 3,430 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(1,907 up-regulated and 1,523 down-regulated).The DEGs mainly included cuticle development(LmACPs),chitin metabolism(Lm Idgf4),lipid metabolism-related genes,cell adhesion(Integrin),zinc finger transcription factors(LmSalm,LmZF593 andLmZF521),and others.Functional analysis based on RNA interference and hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the three genes encoded zinc finger transcription factors are essential for forming wing cuticle and maintaining morphology in Locusta migratoria.Finally,the study found that the LmSalm regulates the expression of LmACPs in the wing pads at pre-eclosion,and LmZF593 and LmZF521 regulate the expression of LmIntegrin/LmIdgf4/LmHMT420 in the wings after eclosion.This study revealed that the molecular regulatory axis controls wing morphology in nymphal and adult stages of locusts,offering a theoretical basis for the study of wing development mechanisms in hemimetabolous insects.

Survey on the Demand for Elderly Care Services of Community Residents in Beijing and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the demand for geriatric care services of community residents in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference basis for meeting the demand for diversified and professional geriatric care services. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1558 elderly individuals at community health service centers in 8 urban districts where elderly care centers were planned to be built. The influencing factors of the different characteristics of elderly care service needs from three aspects were analyzed using a dichotomous logistic regression model: predisposing, enabling, and, need factors. Results: 69.7% of the elderly required home care services, 22.8% wanted to get care services at elderly care centers, 15.9% wanted to get care services at nursing homes, 12.3% required community care services, and 7.4% didn’t know where to access care services. 68.5% of the elderly required care services for disabilities/semi-disabilities, 58.0% for dementia, 54.7% for common diseases, 34.9% for rehabilitation training, 33.0% for plumbing care, and 7.5% for hospice care. At the same time, there were urban- rural differences in the demand for elderly care services, with suburban elderly having a higher demand for care services than those living in urban areas (P < 0.05). The elderly’s demand for care services was mainly related to age, place of residence, and gender in the causative factors, mode of residence and physical condition among able factors, and mode of care services and care needs among need factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The demand for elderly care services was differentiated by factors including place of residence, age, and gender. It is crucial to accurately match the demand for elderly care services, innovate the mode of elderly care services, and improve the service quality to improve the elderly health service system.

Research on the Application of New Energy Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology

With the rapid development of technology and economy,the demand for energy in society is increasing.People are gradually realizing that fossil energy is limited,and the development of new energy may also face situations where it cannot meet social needs.The problem of resource shortage is gradually exposed to people.Therefore,the development of usable new energy has become an urgent problem for society to solve.At present,electricity is the most widely used energy source worldwide and photovoltaic power generation technology is gradually becoming well-known.As an emerging industry,the development of photovoltaic power generation still requires continuous promotion by national and social policies to be extended to various industries and ensure the stability of its energy supply.This article mainly outlines the principles,characteristics,and advantages of photovoltaic power generation,and briefly explains the current technology types and application aspects of photovoltaic power generation to contribute to its promotion and better serve all aspects of social life with new energy.

DID Code:A Bridge Connecting the Materials Genome Engineering Database w让h Inheritable Integrated Intelligent Manufacturing

A data identifier(DID)is an essential tag or label in all kinds of databases—particularly those related to integrated computational materials engineering(ICME),inheritable integrated intelligent manufacturing(I3M),and the Industrial Internet ofThings.With the guidance and quick acceleration of the developme nt of advanced materials,as envisioned by official documents worldwide,more investigations are required to construct relative numerical standards for material informatics.This work proposes a universal DID format consisting of a set of build chains,which aligns with the classical form of identifier in both international and national standards,such as ISO/IEC 29168-1:2000,GB/T 27766-2011,GA/T 543.2-2011,GM/T 0006-2012,GJB 7365-2011,SL 325-2014,SL 607-201&WS 363.2-2011,and QX/T 39-2005.Each build chain is made up of capital letters and numbers,with no symbols.Moreover,the total length of each build chain is not restricted,which follows the formation of the Universal Coded Character Set in the international standard of ISO/IEC 10646.Based on these rules,the proposed DID is flexible and convenient for extendi ng and sharing in and between various cloud-based platforms.Accordingly,classical two-dimensional(2D)codes,including the Hanxin Code,Lots Perception Matrix(LP)Code,Quick Response(Q.R)code,Grid Matrix(GM)code,and Data Matrix(DM)Code,can be constructed and precisely recognized and/or decoded by either smart phones or specific machines.By utilizing these 2D codes as the fingerprints of a set of data linked with cloud-based platforms,progress and updates in the composition-processing-structure-property-performance workflow process can be tracked spontaneously,paving a path to accelerate the discovery and manufacture of advanced materials and enhance research productivity,performance,and collaboration.

The structure of integument and wax glands of Phenacoccus fraxinus(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae)

Using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,we studied the structure of the integument and wax glands of the mealybug,Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).We observed the ultrastructure of four wax pores including trilocular,quinquelocular,and multilocular pores as well as tubular ducts,recording characteristics of their structure,size and distribution.We found that that the integument of the mealybug consists of three main layers-the procuticle,epidermis and basement membrane-and four sub-layers of the procuticle-the epicuticle,exocuticle,endocuticle and formation zone.The waxsecreting gland cells were closely arranged in epidermis.All of them were complex and composed of one central cell and two or more lateral cells.These complex cells possess a large common reservoir for collection and storage.Synthesized by the glandular cells,the wax is excreted outside integument through canals.

Recent advances in slippery liquid-infused surfaces with unique properties inspired by nature

The slippery liquid-infused porous surface(s)(SLIPS)that imitates the Nepenthes pitcher plant has proven to be highly versatile and can be combined with various surface characteristics such as dynamic response,antifouling,selective adhesion,and optical/mechanical tunability.In addition,the introduction of a lubricating fluid layer also gives it extremely low contact angle hysteresis and self-repairing properties,which further expands its application range.Currently,SLIPS has been proven to be suitable for many frontier fields such as aerospace,communications,biomedicine,and microfluidic manipulation.In this review,we explain the theoretical background of SLIPS and the preparation methods currently available,including the choice of substrate materials and lubricants,and we discuss the design parameters of the liquid injection surface and how to deal with the consumption of lubricants in practical applications.In addition,the paper focuses on current and potential applications,such as preventing pathogen contamination of and blood adhesion of medical equipment,manipulation of tiny droplets,and directional transportation of liquids.Finally,some weaknesses that appear when SLIPS is used in these applications are pointed out,which provides a new perspective for the development of SLIPS in the future.

Chlorophyllase is transcriptionally regulated by CsMYB308/CsDOF3 in young leaves of tea plant

Chlorophyll contributes to tea coloration, which is an important factor in tea quality. Chlorophyll metabolism is induced by light, but the transcriptional regulation responsible for light-induced chlorophyll metabolism is largely unknown in tea leaves. Here, we characterized a chlorophyllase1 gene CsCLH1 from young tea leaves and showed it is essential for chlorophyll metabolism, using transient overexpression and silencing in tea leaves and ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. CsCLH1 was significantly induced by high light. The DOF protein CsDOF3, an upstream direct regulator of CsCLH1, was also identified. Acting as a nuclear-localized transcriptional factor, CsDOF3 responded for light and repressed CsCLH1 transcription and increased chlorophyll content by directly binding to the AAAG cis-element in the CsCLH1 promoter. CsDOF3was able to physically interact with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB308 and interfere with transcriptional activity of CsCLH1. In addition, CsMYB308 binds to the CsCLH1 promoter to enhance CsCLH1 expression and decrease chlorophyll content. CsMYB308 and CsDOF3 act as an antagonistic complex to regulate CsCLH1 transcription and chlorophyll in young leaves. Collectively, the study adds to the understanding of the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll in tea leaves in response to light and provides a basis for improving the appearance of tea.

Formation of multifaceted nano-groove structure on rutile TiO_(2) photoanode for efficient electron-hole separation and water splitting

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting using solar energy holds great promise for the renewable energy future,and a key challenge in the development of industry viable PEC devices is the unavailability of high-efficient photoanodes.Herein,we designed a TiO_(2) model photocatalyst with nano-groove pattern and different surface orientation using low-energy Ar+irradiation and photoetching of TiO_(2),and significantly improved the intrinsic activity for PEC water oxidation.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy directly manifests that the grooves consist of highly stepped surface with<110>steps and well-crystallized.Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the groove surface that allows for increased recovery lifetime,which ensures promoted electron-hole separation efficiency.Surface photovoltage directly shows the carrier separation and transportation behaviors,verified by selective photodeposition,demonstrating the groove surface on TiO_(2) contributes to electron-hole separation.This work proposes an efficient and scalable photoanode strategy,which potentially can open new opportunities for achieving efficient PEC water oxidation performance.

The structure of integument and wax glands of Phenacoccus fraxinus(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae)

Using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy,we studied the structure of the integument and wax glands of the mealybug,Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae).We observed the ultrastructure of four wax pores including trilocular,quinquelocular,and multilocular pores as well as tubular ducts,recording characteristics of their structure,size and distribution.We found that that the integument of the mealybug consists of three main layers-the procuticle,epidermis and basement membrane-and four sub-layers of the procuticle-the epicuticle,exocuticle,endocuticle and formation zone.The wax-secreting gland cells were closely arranged in epidermis.All of them were complex and composed of one central cell and two or more lateral cells.These complex cells possess a large common reservoir for collection and storage.Synthesized by the glandular cells,the wax is excreted outside integument through canals.

Microstructures and Properties of FeAl-Fe_3AlC_(0.5) Composites Prepared by SHS Casting

FeAl composites with 21, 37 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 were fabricated by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis （SHS） casting. Phases and microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Microhardness and bending strength of the composites were measured. The composites with 21 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 mainly consisted of FeAl and FesAlC0.5 phases, whereas the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was composed of FeAl, Fe3AlC0.5 and graphite phases. The bonding of the reinforcement and the matrix was good. Hardness and bending strength of the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was lower than those of the 21 and 50 wt pct composites owing to the presence of the soft graphite phase.

Fabrication of bioinspired edible liquid marble with phase transition and tunable water barrier property

Based on aphid wax-honeydew marble and the hydrophobic wax structure of lotus and its derived applications with superareophilic and superhydrophobic properties,edible carnauba wax and beeswax particles were mixed and utilized to mimic lotus wax and wrap liquid,thus forming liquid marbles(LMs).Through the utilization of continuous production system(CPS),wax as an interfacial surfactant,water and solid,air-phase or mixed-phase marble content was produced.The edible liquid marble(ELM)could encapsulate water and food droplets.Edible solid marble(ESM)and edible solid hollow marbles(ESHMs)could be fabricated by applying pectin or syrup.Moreover,through the heating of wax powders with different melting temperatures,stable tablets and hollow capsules could be produced.The wax powder as interfacial surfactant could firmly bind with pectin through hydrogen bonds on ESM.The edible LMs can therefore be applied for residue reduction,corrosion reduction,biohazard prevention and cleaning in the food industry.The other phase LMs could act as novel tools in the pharmaceutical and food industries with the above-mentioned water transport,preservation,sustained releasing and selective releasing abilities.

Probing Effect of Solvation on Photoexcited Quadrupolar Donor-Acceptor-Donor Molecule via Ultrafast Raman Spectroscopy

The symmetric and quadrupolar donor-acceptordonor(D-A-D)molecules usually exhibit excitedstate charge redistribution process from delocalized intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)state to localized ICT state.Direct observation of such charge redistribution process in real-time has been intensively studied via various ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopies.Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy(FSRS)is one of the powerful methods which can be used to determine the excited state dynamics by tracking vibrational mode evolution of the specific chemical bonds within molecules.Herein,a molecule,4,4′-(buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline),that consists of two central adjacent alkyne(-C≡C-)groups as electron-acceptors and two separated,symmetric N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline at both branches as electron-donors,is chosen to investigate the excited-state photophysical properties.It is shown that the solvation induced excited-state charge redistribution in polar solvents can be probed by using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy.The results provide a fundamental understanding of photoexcitation induced charge delocalization/localization properties of the symmetric quadrupolar molecules with adjacent vibrational markers located at central position.

THE EFFICACY OF MICROWAVE THERAPY VIA BRONCHOFIBERSCOPE IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE TRACHEA STENOSIS

To evaluate the efficacy of microwave therapy via bronchofberscope for treatment of severe trachea stenosis.Microwave tissue coagulation(MTC)and diathermy(MD)therapy via bronchofiberscope were performed on 37 patients with severe trachea stenosis diseases at least two times.The efective rate immediately after treatment was 100%in all cases.After one month,the rate remained 100%in the patients with benign diseases,but it dropped to 67%in the patients with malignant tumors.We have demonstrated that the microwave thermotherapy via bronchofiberscope is an effective method to treat patients with benign trachea stenosis non-invasively.For cancer patients with trachea soakage and blockage,it can be performed to inprove their life quality by alleviating their agonies.

Deformation-Induced Large Ductility of Super Saturated Solid Solution Fe-Cu Alloy

The mechanical properties of super saturated solid solution Fe60Cu40 alloy has been investigated using compression test. The results show that the grain precipitation and phase transformation occurs during compressive deformation resulting in large work-hardening ability, high strength and large ductility. Our results demonstrate that this novel architecture offers a design pathway towards a new generation of strong materials with large ductility.

Electrochemical Behavior of Nanocrystalline Fe₈₈Si₁₂Alloy in 3.5% NaCl Solution

Influence of microstructure on electrochemical behavior of nanocrystalline Fe88Si12 alloy has been investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results show that FFe88Si12 alloy with optimal corrosion resistance is composite of ordered Fe3Si and disordered Fe(Si) phases and grain size of 40 nm. Because the ordered Fe3Si structure is beneficial to form SiO2 film, which possesses good corrosion resistance compared with the Fe2O3 film from disordered Fe(Si). Moreover, although the decreased grain size is conducive to form preservative, as the grain size decreases to 10 nm, the grain boundary increases to above 30 vol%, which is the active sites for corrosion attack.

Modification of POSS and their tribological properties and resistant to space atomic oxygen irradiation as lubricant additive of multialkylated cyclopentanes

Developing functional additive resistant to space atomic oxygen(AO)irradiation through simple molecular design and chemical synthesis to enhance the lubricating performance of multialkylated cyclopentanes(MACs)oil is a significant challenge.Herein,sulfur-containing polyhedral oligomere silsesquioxane(POSS)were synthesize via a click-chemistry reaction of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric with alkyl sulfide.The reduce-friction(RF),anti-wear(AW)properties and anti-AO irradiation of POSS-S-R as MACs base oil additives in atmospheric and simulated space environments were systematically investigated for the first time.Results demonstrate that POSS-S-R not only possesses outstanding anti-AO irradiation capacity but also effectively improves the RF and AW of MACs in atmospheric or simulated space surroundings.This improvement is due to the excellent anti-AO irradiation properties of the POSS structure itself and the high load-carrying ability of silicon-containing and sulfur-containing compounds generated by tribo-chemical reactions,which effectively separates the direct contact of the friction interface.We believe that this synthesized POSS-S-R is a promising additive for space lubricants.

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

This study presents a nitrogen-doped microporous carbon nanospheres(N@MCNs)prepared by a facile polymerization–carbonization process using low-cost styrene.The N element in situ introduces polystyrene(PS)nanospheres via emulsion polymerization of styrene with cyanuric chloride as crosslinking agent,and then carbonization obtains N@MCNs.The as-prepared carbon nanospheres possess the complete spherical structure and adjustable nitrogen amount by controlling the relative proportion of tetrachloromethane and cyanuric chloride.The friction performance of N@MCNs as lubricating oil additives was surveyed utilizing the friction experiment of ball-disc structure.The results showed that N@MCNs exhibit superb reduction performance of friction and wear.When the addition of N@MCNs was 0.06 wt%,the friction coefficient of PAO-10 decreased from 0.188 to 0.105,and the wear volume reduced by 94.4%.The width and depth of wear marks of N@MCNs decreased by 49.2% and 94.5%,respectively.The carrying capacity of load was rocketed from 100 to 400 N concurrently.Through the analysis of the lubrication mechanism,the result manifested that the prepared N@MCNs enter clearance of the friction pair,transform the sliding friction into the mixed friction of sliding and rolling,and repair the contact surface through the repair effect.Furthermore,the tribochemical reaction between nanoparticles and friction pairs forms a protective film containing nitride and metal oxides,which can avert direct contact with the matrix and improve the tribological properties.This experiment showed that nitrogen-doped polystyrene-based carbon nanospheres prepared by in-situ doping are the promising materials for wear resistance and reducing friction.This preparing method can be ulteriorly expanded to multi-element co-permeable materials.Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon nanospheres(B,N@MCNs)were prepared by mixed carbonization of N-enriched PS and boric acid,and exhibited high load carrying capacity and good tribological properties.

A High-Performance MoS_(2)-Based Visible-Near-Infrared Photodetector from Gateless Photogating Effect Induced by Nickel Nanoparticles

Recent advancements in two-dimensional materials have shown huge potential for optoelectronic applications.It is challenging to achieve highly effective and sensitive broadband photodetection based on MoS_(2)devices.Defect engineering,such as introducing vacancies,can narrow the bandgap and boost the separation of photogenerated carriers by defect states but leads to a slow response speed.Herein,we propose a nickel nanoparticle-induced gateless photogating effect with a unique energy band structure to enable the application of defect engineering and achieve high optoelectronic performance.The device based on Ni nanoparticle-decorated MoS_(2)with S vacancies exhibited high responsivities of 106.21 and 1.38 A W^(-1)and detectivities of 1.9×10^(12)and 8.9×10^(9)Jones under 532 and 980 nm illumination(visible to near infrared),respectively,with highly accelerated response speed.This strategy provides new insight into optimizing defect engineering to design high-performance optoelectronic devices capable of broadband photodetection.