Reducing Operation Emissions and Improving Work Efficiency Using a Pure Electric Wheel Drive Tractor

In response to the problems of excessive greenhouse-gas and particulate emissions and the low traction efficiency of conventional diesel tractors in the field,a purely electric wheel-side drive tractor was studied,including an electric motor drive system,a battery ballast system,and an electro–hydraulic suspension system.This paper develops a dynamics model of an electric tractor-ploughing unit under complex soil conditions,leading to the proposal of an active control method for drive wheel torque and a joint control method for the traction force of the suspension system and the front-and rear-axle loads of a tractor.Finally,the tractor is prototyped and assembled,and ploughing tests are carried out.The ploughing results show that the active torque-distribution control method proposed in this study reduces the tractor slip by 14.83%and increases the traction efficiency by 10.28%compared with the average torquedistribution mode.Compared with the conventional traction control mode,the joint control method for traction and ballast proposed in this paper results in a 3.7%increase in traction efficiency,a 15.05%decrease in slip,and a 4.9%reduction in total drive motor energy consumption.This study will help to improve the operation quality and traction efficiency of electric tractors in complex soil conditions.

浙江省宁波市某街道常住居民新冠疫苗犹豫情况及其影响因素的横断面研究

目的 研究新冠疫苗犹豫的影响因素,分析知识、健康信念与新冠疫苗犹豫之间的相关性。方法 2022年6月21日—7月10日,通过宁波市全民健康信息平台,筛选宁波市福明街道18周岁及以上的常住居民,采用系统抽样法抽取调查对象,通过智慧公卫系统进行线上问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析疫苗犹豫的影响因素,Spearman相关分析探究知识、健康信念和新冠疫苗犹豫之间的相关性,采用Bootstrap法的中介分析探究三者之间的关系。结果 1 049名调查对象的新冠疫苗犹豫率为7.82%[95%CI(6.19%,9.44%)],18~35岁人群比36~59岁的有更高的新冠疫苗犹豫率,近两年未接种过流感疫苗的人群更有可能发生新冠疫苗犹豫,健康信念在知识对新冠疫苗犹豫的影响中起到完全中介效应作用。结论 针对不同的人群采取不同的干预措施,对提高居民健康素养、减少新冠疫苗犹豫非常重要。

The role of purinergic receptors in neural repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury is a serious injury of the central nervous system that results in neurological deficits.The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury,as well as the mechanisms involved in neural repair and regeneration,are highly complex.Although there have been many studies on these mechanisms,there is no effective intervention for such injury.In spinal cord injury,neural repair and regeneration is an important part of improving neurological function after injury,although the low regenerative ability of nerve cells and the difficulty in axonal and myelin regeneration after spinal cord injury hamper functional recovery.Large amounts of ATP and its metabolites are released after spinal cord injury and participate in various aspects of functional regulation by acting on purinergic receptors which are widely expressed in the spinal cord.These processes mediate intracellular and extracellular signalling pathways to improve neural repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury.This article reviews research on the mechanistic roles of purinergic receptors in spinal cord injury,highlighting the potential role of purinergic receptors as interventional targets for neural repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury.

不同室间隔形态肺高血压患者的心室功能特点:CMR初步研究

背景与目的通过心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)分析室间隔(interventricular septum,IVS)有无形变的肺高血压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)患者心功能特点。方法经右心导管确诊为PH并接受CMR患者36例。根据IVS形态,分为无形变组(10例)和有形变组(26例);并与22例健康志愿者比较,参数如下:右心室(right ventricle,RV)和左心室(left ventricle,LV)舒张末期容积指数(end-diastolic volume index,EDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(end-systolic volume index,ESVI)、每搏输出量指数(stroke volume index,SVI)、心指数(cardiac index,CI)、射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)、心肌质量指数(myocardial mass index,MMI)。结果 ANOVA分析示,RVEDVI、RVESVI、RVSVI、RVCI、RVEF、RVMMI、LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVSVI及LVCI在三组间差别均有统计学意义。事后组间结果比较显示,PH患者IVS无形变组与对照组相比,RVSVI(P=0.017)、RVEF(P<0.001)、LVEDVI(P=0.048)、LVSVI(P=0.015)均减低。IVS有形变组与IVS无形变组相比,RVEDVI(P<0.001)、RVESVI(P<0.001)、RVCI(P=0.002)、RVMMI(P=0.017)均升高;而RVEF(P=0.001)、LVEDVI(P=0.003)、LVSVI(P<0.001)及LVCI(P=0.029)减低。IVS有形变组与对照组相比,RVEDVI(P<0.001)、RVESVI(P<0.001)、RVCI(P=0.004)、RVMMI(P=0.003)均升高;而RVEF(P<0.001)、LVEDVI(P<0.001)、LVESVI(P<0.001)、LVSVI(P<0.001)、LVCI(P<0.001)均低于对照组。结论不同IVS形态的PH患者,心室功能各有特点,IVS的形变在一定程度上能够反映PH患者心室功能的变化。

上海自贸试验区新片区服务贸易海关监管模式设计和政策研究

上海自贸试验区临港新片区对标国际公认的竞争力最强的自由贸易园区,承载着更深层次、更宽领域、更大力度推进全方位高水平开放的总体要求和发展目标,必须充分发挥先行先试的优势,大胆突破原有监管模式的藩篱,以服务贸易项下有形货物的通关、征税、统计等为重点,加快探索研究和创新试点,形成一套与服务贸易发展需求相适应的海关监管新模式。

Identification of a locus associated with genic male sterility in maize via EMS mutagenesis and bulked-segregant RNA-seq

Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS have not yet been characterized in maize, owing partly to a lack of genetic materials. We generated a recessive male-sterile maize mutant in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment, and found the male sterility to be due to a single gene mutation. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing of three replicates indicated that one genomic region located at the end of chromosome 4 was associated with the observed mutant phenotype. Among genes with nonsynonymous mutations,Zm00001 d053895(bHLH51) showed abolished expression in the sterile bulks and was annotated as a bHLH transcription factor orthologous to Arabidopsis AMS, suggesting an association with the male sterility of the mutant. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays further validated the exclusive correlation of male sterility with the single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon. The new maize mutant and the potential SNP locus provide novel genetic material for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying tapetal development and may facilitate the improvement of hybrid production systems.

Electroacupuncture improves neuropathic pain Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium and their receptors perhaps change simultaneously

Applying a stimulating current to acupoints through acupuncture needles–known as electroacupuncture–has the potential to produce analgesic effects in human subjects and experimental animals. When acupuncture was applied in a rat model, adenosine 5-triphosphate disodium in the extracellular space was broken down into adenosine, which in turn inhibited pain transmission by means of an adenosine A1 receptor-dependent process. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist enhanced the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The analgesic effect of acupuncture appears to be mediated by activation of A1 receptors located on ascending nerves. In neuropathic pain, there is upregulation of P2X purinoceptor 3 （P2X3） receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Conversely, the onset of mechanical hyperalgesia was diminished and established hyperalgesia was significantly reversed when P2X3 receptor expression was downregulated. The pathways upon which electroacupuncture appear to act are interwoven with pain pathways, and electroacupuncture stimuli converge with impulses originating from painful areas. Electroacupuncture may act via purinergic A1 and P2X3 receptors simultaneously to induce an analgesic effect on neuropathic pain.

Role of general practitioners in prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in China

BACKGROUND： Hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection may impose an economic burden to patients or their families. The prevention and control of HBV could effectively reduce the burden. However, the management of HBV-related patients has not been well controlled in China. With the development of general practitioner（GP） system in this country, GPs may greatly improve the management of the patients with HBV infection. However, the role of GPs in controlling HBV infection has been rarely studied.DATA SOURCES： A literature search of PubMed, CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP was performed with the following key words： ＂general practitioner＂, ＂family physician＂, ＂community management＂, ＂community health care workers＂, ＂family practice＂, ＂hepatitis B virus＂, ＂HBV＂, ＂HBV vaccination＂, ＂HBV prevention＂, ＂HBV management＂, ＂HBV treatment＂, ＂antiviral therapy＂ and ＂chronic hepatitis B（CHB）＂. The information about the GPs-involved prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CHB was reviewed.RESULTS： The reports on the role of GPs in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection are few. But the experiences from Western countries demonstrated that GPs could play a significant role in the management of patients withCHB. The importance of GPs is obvious although there are some difficulties in China. GPs and health officials at different levels should work together in the management of patients with CHB.CONCLUSIONS： The involvement of GPs in the management of patients with HBV infection is effective in China. But GPs＇ knowledge and skills for the control of HBV infection have to be improved currently. GPs＇ involvement will enforce the management of CHB in China in the near future.

海关支持和服务上海自贸试验区发展转口贸易研究

上海自贸试验区发展转口贸易应协同发展集装箱物流服务、中转集拼及转口贸易服务、国际采购和分拨配送业务等,积极探索实施“组合港”战略;以多式联运为突破口,发展内外贸混装,努力打造长三角全球领先的国际综合枢纽港口群,突破瓶颈加快铁路交通设施建设;用好海关特殊监管区各项政策,吸引跨国公司设立地区贸易型总部、物流分拨中心、采购配送中心,丰富出口拼箱、进口分拨和二次集拼等多元化运作模式,吸引国际航运中转、国际配送、国际采购等业务集聚,实现供应链优化和资源配置全球化。

A New Synthesis Method and GABA Transporters Inhibitory Activities of Tiagabine and Its Analogues

A new synthetic method and GABA transporter inhibitory activities of Tiagabine and its analogues are described. The key intermediates 4-tosyl-1,1-diaryl/heteroaryl-l-butene 10a-10e were synthesized by Wittig reaction, and followed by N-alkylation with （R）-3-piperidinecarboxylate. The resulting N-diheterocyclylalkenylpiperidine-3-carboxylic acid ester 11a-11e were saponified and then acidified to.get the target compounds 1a-1e. The preliminary bioassays show that compound 1a-1e exhibited excellent inhibition of [ 3H ]-GABA uptake in vitro of culture ceils.

Anti-fatigue Effect of L-arginine Complex Preparation on Mice

Objective:To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of L-arginine complex preparation on mice.Methods:The experimental mice were divided into a blank group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.L-arginine complex preparation mice were intragastrically administered for 30 days,and the mice were tested for exhaustive swimming time.At the same time,contents of plasma lactic acid,lactate dehydrogenase,urea nitrogen and hepatic glycogen were measured.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the weight-bearing swimming time and hypoxia-tolerant survival time of the low,middle and high dose groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).Whereas,the serum urea nitrogen levels and lactose content were significantly decreased(P<0.05).However,compared with the blank control group,the liver glycogen content of the middle and high dose groups was increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the low dose group.Conclusion:The L-arginine complex preparation has an anti-fatigue function in mice.

Efficient and precise genomic deletion in rice using enhanced prime editing

Efficient and precise genomic deletion shows promise for investigating the function of proteins in plant research and enhancing agricultural traits.In this study,we tested the PRIME-Del(PDel)strategy using a pair of prime editing guide RNAs(pegRNAs)that targeted opposite DNA strands and achieved an average deletion efficiency of 55.8%for 60 bp fragment deletions at six endogenous targets.Moreover,as high as 84.2%precise deletion efficiency was obtained for a 2000 bp deletion at the OsGS1 site in transgenic rice plants.To add the bases that were unintentionally deleted between the two nicking sequences,we used the PDel/Syn strategy,which introduced multiple synonymous base mutations in the region that had to be patched in the RT template.The PDel/Syn strategy achieved an average of 58.1%deletion efficiency at six endogenous targets,which was higher than the PDel strategy.The strategies presented in this study contribute to achieving more accurate and flexible deletions in transgenic rice plants.

Nano oxygen chamber by cascade reaction for hypoxia mitigation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in wound healing

Hypoxia,excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),and impaired angiogenesis are prominent obstacles to wound healing following trauma and surgical procedures,often leading to the development of keloids and hypertrophic scars.To address these challenges,a novel approach has been proposed,involving the development of a cascade enzymatic reaction-based nanocarriers-laden wound dressing.This advanced technology incorporates superoxide dismutase modified oxygen nanobubbles and catalase modified oxygen nanobubbles within an alginate hydrogel matrix.The oxygen nano chamber functions through a cascade reaction between superoxide dismutase and catalase,wherein excessive superoxide in the wound environment is enzymatically decomposed into hydrogen peroxide,and this hydrogen peroxide is subsequently converted into oxygen by catalase.This enzymatic cascade effectively controls wound inflammation and hypoxia,mitigating the risk of keloid formation.Concurrently,the oxygen nanobubbles release oxygen continuously,thus providing a sustained supply of oxygen to the wound site.The oxygen release from this dynamic system stimulates fibroblast proliferation,fosters the formation of new blood vessels,and contributes to the overall wound healing process.In the rat full-thickness wound model,the cascade reaction-based nano oxygen chamber displayed a notable capacity to expedite wound healing without scarring.Furthermore,in the pilot study of porcine full-thickness wound healing,a notable acceleration of tissue repair was observed in the conceived cascade reaction-based gel treated group within the 3 days post-surgery,which represents the proliferation stage of healing process.These achievements hold significant importance in ensuring the complete functional recovery of tissues,thereby highlighting its potential as a promising approach for enhancing wound healing outcomes.

Is oral microbiome of children able to maintain resistance and functional stability in response to short-term interference of ingesta?

Dear Editor,A series of studies had focused on the ecological stability of human microbiome(Lozupone et al.,2012;Faith et al.,2013;Moya and Ferrer,2016).Despite the continuous perturbation and the highly personalized composition within the human microbiome(Human Microbiome Project,2012),healthy adults stably maintain their microbial communities in terms of space and time(Faith et al.,2013;Moya and Ferrer,2016;Oh et al.,2016).This stability is proved to be critical for the well-being of human body(Lozupone et al.,2012).On the contrary,major shifts in microbial community composition are often related to diseases(Lynch and Pedersen,2016).

Trash to treasure:lactate and protein lactylation in maize root impacts response to drought

Lactate,protein lactylation(Kla),and specifically histone lactylation have recently been shown to regulate antipathogenic immune responses in mammals.Herein,after we confirmed the presence and accumulation of lactate in maize roots under drought conditions,a lactylome profiling analysis revealed that Kla modifications were invariably present in maize roots,that there were obvious differences in the lactylomes of drought-sensitive(B73)vs.drought-tolerant(Jing2416)lines,and that growing Jing2416 under drought conditions caused significant decreases in the lactylation of multiple enzymes responsible for fatty acid degradation.Inspired by findings of histone-Kla based epigenetic regulation of immune functions in animals,we initially discovered 37 Kla sites on 16 histones in the maize genome,and again detected obvious differential histone Klamediated trends between two lines by Ch IP-Seq.Notably,only 2.7%of genes with differential histone Kla peaks detected during drought stress were commonly present in both lines,a finding demonstrating that abiotic stress triggers distinct epigenetic activities in diverse germplasm while also strongly supporting that a histone Kla layer of regulation is associated with physiological responses to drought stress.Interestingly,exogenous application of spermidine improved the drought tolerance of B73and substantially altered the levels of lactate,protein lactylation,and histone Kla modification.Thus,beyond extending the known domain of Kla-based biochemical and epigenetic regulation from animal immunity to plant stress physiology,our study suggests the physiological,biochemical,and genetic function of“the best-known metabolic waste”,lactate.

Gene-lndexed Mutations in Maize

The availability of the B73 inbred reference genome sets the stage for high-throughput functional charac- terization of maize genes on a whole-genome scale. Among the 39 324 protein-coding genes predicted, the vast majority are untapped due to the lack of suitable high-throughput reverse genetic resources. We have generated a gene-indexed maize mutant collection through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and de- tected the mutations by combining exome capture and next-generation sequencing. A total of 1086 mutated MI plants were sequenced, and 195 268 CG〉TA-type point mutations, including stop gain/loss, missplice, start gain/loss, and various non-synonymous protein mutations as well as 4610 InDel mutations, were identified. These mutations were distributed on 32 069 genes, representing 82% of the predicted protein-coding genes in the maize genome. We detected an average of 180 mutations per mutant line and 6.1 mutations per gene. As many as 27 214 mutations of start codons, stop codons, or missplice sites were identified in 14 101 genes, among which 6232 individual genes harbored more than two such muta- tions. Application of this mutant collection is exemplified by the identification of the ent-kaurene synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. This gene-indexed genome- wide mutation collection provides an important resource for functional analysis of maize genes and may bring desirable allelic variants for genetic breeding in maize.

Spatial transmission and meteorological determinants of tuberculosis incidence in Qinghai Province,China:a spatial clustering panel analysis

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)is the notifiable infectious disease with the second highest incidence in the Qinghai province,a province with poor primary health care infrastructure.Understanding the spatial distribution of TB and related environmental factors is necessary for developing effective strategies to control and further eliminate TB.Methods:Our TB incidence data and meteorological data were extracted from the China Information System of Disease Control and Prevention and statistical yearbooks,respectively.We calculated the global and local Moran’s I by using spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect the spatial clustering of TB incidence each year.A spatial panel data model was applied to examine the associations of meteorological factors with TB incidence after adjustment of spatial individual effects and spatial autocorrelation.Results:The Local Moran’s I method detected 11 counties with a significantly high-high spatial clustering(average annual incidence:294/100000)and 17 counties with a significantly low-low spatial clustering(average annual incidence:68/100000)of TB annual incidence within the examined five-year period;the global Moran’s I values ranged from 0.40 to 0.58(all P-values<0.05).The TB incidence was positively associated with the temperature,precipitation,and wind speed(all P-values<0.05),which were confirmed by the spatial panel data model.Each 10°C,2 cm,and 1 m/s increase in temperature,precipitation,and wind speed associated with 9%and 3%decrements and a 7%increment in the TB incidence,respectively.Conclusions:High TB incidence areas were mainly concentrated in south-western Qinghai,while low TB incidence areas clustered in eastern and north-western Qinghai.Areas with low temperature and precipitation and with strong wind speeds tended to have higher TB incidences.

Lower abundance of Bacteroides and metabolic dysfunction are highly associated with the post-weaning diarrhea in piglets

Growing evidences show a direct link between diarrhea and disorders of gut microbiota in pigs.However,whether there are microbial markers associated with post-weaning diarrhea remains unknown.In the current study,we compared the microbial community,functions and metabolites between healthy weaned piglets(group H,n=7)and piglets with post-weaning diarrhea(group D,n=7),in order to find out diarrhea associated microbial markers.Each of 7 fecal samples was collected from H and D piglets(weaned at 21 d and sampled at 26 d).The metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that the microbial composition,function and metabolic profile in D pigs was considerably reshaped,including the reduced abundance and number of Bacteroides,which significantly correlated with the diarrhea status of host.The carbohydrate metabolism,biosynthesis and metabolism,lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and the activity of glycan and carbohydrates digestion related enzymes showed extensively down-regulated in D pigs compared with H pigs.Diarrhea significantly changed the metabolic profiles of fecal microbiota,and most of the altered metabolites were negatively or positively correlated with the change in the abundance of Bacteroides.In conclusion,the lower abundance of Bacteroides and its associated metabolic dysfunction may be regarded as microbial markers of physiological post-weaning diarrhea in piglets.

Prevotella-rich enterotype may benefit gut health in finishing pigs fed diet with a high amylose-to-amylopectin ratio

To investigate the influence of baseline enterotypes and dietary starch type on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),numbers of butyrate producing bacteria and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and inflammatory response in the colon of finishing pigs,a 60-d in vivo trial was conducted.A 2-wk pre-trial with 102 crossbred(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])finishing barrows(90 d old)was conducted to screen enterotypes.Then,a total of 32 pigs(87.40±2.76 kg)with high(HPBR,>14)and low(LPBR,<2)Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios(PBR)in equal measure were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate.The trial was designed following a 2(PBR)×2(amylose-to-amylopectin ratio,AMR)factorial arrangement.Pigs with different PBR were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal with high AMR(HAMR,1.24)or low AMR(LAMR,0.23),respectively.Results showed that neither PBR nor AMR influenced the growth performance of pigs.HPBR pigs fed HAMR diet had a higher number of colonic Clostridium cluster XIVa and higher gene expression of butyrate kinase compared to the LPBR pigs(P<0.05).The HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets also had increased colonic concentrations of total SCFA and propionate compared to the LPBR pigs(P<0.05).Comparing with other pigs,HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets showed a lower(P<0.05)expression of histone deacetylases(HDAC)gene and higher(P<0.05)expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43 gene(GPR 43)in the colonic mucosa.The interaction(P<0.05)of HPBR and HAMR was also found to decrease the gene expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-12,IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in colonic mucosa.These findings show that HAMR diet increased the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria and the concentration and absorption of SCFA,which may be associated with the decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of pigs with Prevotella-rich enterotype.All these alterations are likely to have a positive effect on the intestinal health of finishing pigs.

Immunological effects of a 10-μg dose of domestic hepatitis B vaccine in adults

Objective:To evaluate the immunological effects of three types of domestic 10-μg/dose hepatitis B vaccines in adults compared with a foreign vaccine, and to provide scientific evidence in support of adult hepatitis B vaccination. Methods:Adults from five counties (Deqing, Changxing, Nanxun, Wuxing, Anji) in Huzhou City, Shaoxing County and Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province, China were selected. Blood samples were taken to assess serum HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Adults, aged 16 to 49 years and who were anti-HBs negative at baseline, received hepatitis B immunizations at 0, 1, and 6 months. Anti-HBs levels were assessed one month after the third and final vaccination. Results:A total of 1 872 adults were immunized and the average positive rate was 89.5%. Four types of hepatitis B vaccine were used, including three from Chinese companies (Shenzhen Kangtai, Dalian High-Tech, and North China Pharmaceutical) and one from a UK company (GlaxoS-mithKline). Their seroconversion rates were 81.67%, 95.05%, 89.64%, and 86.81%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the anti-HBs positive conversion rates of the four types (P<0.005) but the seroconversion rates among the different vaccines were not significantly different (χ 2 =2.123, P=0.145). The average anti-HBs geometric mean titers (GMTs) of non-immune adults immunized with each of the four vaccines were 177.28, 473.23, 246.13, and 332.20 mIU/ml, respectively. There were no sta- tistically significant differences in the GMTs between the three types of domestic vaccine and the foreign vaccine (t= 1.575, P=0.116). Conclusions:Domestic recombinant hepatitis B vaccines can achieve immunization effects comparable to those of a foreign vaccine.