Inherent relationship between process parameters,crystallization and mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites

High-performance thermoplastic composites have been developed as significant structural materials for cutting-edge equipment in the aerospace and defence fields.However,the internal mechanism of processing parameters on mechanical properties in the manufacturing process of thermoplastic composite structures is still a serious challenge.The purpose of this study is to investigate the process/crystallization/property relationships for continuous carbon fiber(CF)reinforced polyether-ether-ketone(PEEK)composites.The composite laminates are fabricated according to orthogonal experiments via the thermoforming method.The mechanical performance is investigated in terms of crystallization properties and fracture morphology characterizations.Experimental results show that the mechanical performance and crystallization properties of thermoplastic composites are significantly affected by the coupling of processing parameters.The increased molding temperature,pressure,and holding time improve the degree of fiber/matrix infiltration and affect the crystallinity and crystalline morphology of the matrix,which further influences the mechanical properties of the composites.This is reflected in the test results that crystallinity has an approximately linear effect on mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness and transverse flexural modulus.As well as the higher molding temperature can destroy the pre-existent crystals to improve the toughness of the matrix,and the well-defined crystalline structures can be observed when fabricated at higher temperatures and longer periods of holding time.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B improves impaired glucose tolerance through insulin-mediated inhibition of glucagon secretion

BACKGROUND Impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)is a homeostatic state between euglycemia and hyperglycemia and is considered an early high-risk state of diabetes.When IGT occurs,insulin sensitivity decreases,causing a reduction in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion.Recently,vascular endothelial growth factor B(VEGFB)has been demonstrated to play a positive role in improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.Therefore,we constructed a mouse model of IGT through high-fat diet feeding and speculated that VEGFB can regulate hyperglycemia in IGT by influencing insulin-mediated glucagon secretion,thus contributing to the prevention and cure of prediabetes.AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism and regulatory effects of VEGFB on insulin-mediated glucagon in mice with IGT.METHODS We conducted in vivo experiments through systematic VEGFB knockout and pancreatic-specific VEGFB overexpression.Insulin and glucagon secretions were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)was determined using western blot.Further,mRNA expression of forkhead box protein O1,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,and glucose-6 phosphatase was detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and the correlation between the expression of proteins was analyzed via bioinformatics.RESULTS In mice with IGT and VEGFB knockout,glucagon secretion increased,and the protein expression of PI3K/AKT decreased dramatically.Further,in mice with VEGFB overexpression,glucagon levels declined,with the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.CONCLUSION VEGFB/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 can promote insulin-mediated glucagon secretion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate glucose metabolism disorders in mice with IGT.

Metabolomic-based analysis reveals bile acid-mediated ovarian failure induced by low temperature in zebrafish

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish(Danio rerio) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging from the thermopreferendum temperature of the species,27℃, to lower temperatures of 22℃, 20℃, and 13℃ over a period of two weeks. Comparative metabolomic(six biological replicates for each temperature) and transcriptomic(four biological replicates for each temperature) analyses were conducted under the four temperature conditions. Results indicated that lower temperatures inhibited oocyte development and differential metabolites were involved in steroid hormone production,antioxidant function, and lipid and protein catabolism.Disrupted reproductive hormones, increased proteolysis,and lipid degradation significantly impeded oocyte development and egg maturation. Notably, a significant increase in bile acid content was noted in the ovaries of the cold-treated fish, indicating that bile acids play a critical role in ovarian failure. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the reproductive response of fish to cold stress.

Tempura-like carbon/carbon composite as advanced anode materials for K-ion batteries

Graphite as a promising anode candidate of K-ion batteries(KIBs)has been increasingly studied currently,but corresponding rate performance and cycling stability are usually inferior to amorphous carbon materials.To protect the layer structure and further boost performance,tempura-like carbon/carbon nanocomposite of graphite@pitch-derived S-doped carbon(G@PSC)is designed and prepared by a facile and low-temperature modified molten salt method.This robust encapsulation structure makes their respective advantages complementary to each other,showing mutual promotion of electrochemical performances caused by synergy effect.As a result,the G@PSC electrode is applied in KIBs,delivering impressive rate capabilities(465,408,370,332,290,and 227 m A h g^(-1)at 0.05,0.2,0.5,1,2,and 5 A g^(-1))and ultralong cyclic stability(163 m A g^(-1)remaining even after 8000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1)).On basis of ex-situ studies,the sectionalized K-storage mechanism with adsorption(pseudocapacitance caused by S doping)-intercalation(pitch-derived carbon and graphite)pattern is revealed.Moreover,the exact insights into remarkable rate performances are taken by electrochemical kinetics tests and density functional theory calculation.In a word,this study adopts a facile method to synthesize high-performance carbon/carbon nanocomposite and is of practical significance for development of carbonaceous anode in KIBs.

Concurrent recycling chemistry for cathode/anode in spent graphite/LiFePO_(4) batteries:Designing a unique cation/anion-co-workable dual-ion battery

With the increasing popularity of new en ergy electric vehicles,the dema nd for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been growing rapidly,which will produce a large number of spent LIBs.Therefore,recycling of spe nt LIBs has become an urge nt task to be solved,otherwise it will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution.Herein,a unique recycling strategy is proposed to achieve the concurrent reuse of cathode and anode in the spent graphite/LiFePO_(4) batteries.Along with such recycling process,a unique cathode composed of recycled LFP/graphite(RLFPG)with cation/anion-co-storage ability is designed for new-type dual-ion battery(DIB).As a result,the recycle-derived DIB of Li/RLFPG is established with good electrochemical performance,such as an initial discharge capacity of 117.4 mA h g^(-1) at 25 mA g^(-1) and 78% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1).The working mechanism of Li/RLFPG DIB is also revealed via in situ X-ray diffraction and electrode kinetics studies.This work not only presents a farreaching significance for large-scale recycling of spent LIBs in the future,but also proposed a sustainable and econo mical method to design n ew-type sec on dary batteries as recycling of spe nt LIBs.

OCT6 inhibits differentiation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells through MAPK and PI3K signaling regulation

As a transcription factor of the Pit-Oct-Unc(POU)domain family,octamer-binding transcription factor 6(OCT6)participates in various aspects of stem cell development and differentiation.At present,however,its role in porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs)remains unclear.Here,we explored the function of OCT6 in piPSCs.We found that piPSCs overexpressing OCT6 maintained colony morphology and pluripotency under differentiation conditions,with a similar gene expression pattern to that of non-differentiated piPSCs.Functional analysis revealed that OCT6 attenuated the adverse effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)signaling pathway inhibition on piPSC pluripotency by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT)signaling activity.Our research sheds new light on the mechanism by which OCT6 promotes PSC maintenance.

Distribution and isotopic signature of 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks and oils of Tarim Basin:Implications for the oil-source correlation

Series of 2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzenes(ATMBs)were detected in most of crude oils and source rocks collected from various strata and locations of the Tarim Basin.They appeared to have heavy carbon isotopic signatures(δ13C,up to~-16‰)compared to those hydrocarbons from oxygenic phototrophic organisms,indicating that the unequivocal source of green sulfur bacteria(GSB)and photic zone euxinia(PZE)existed in the original environment.Considering the high paleoproductivity,the PZE may have enhanced the preservation of organic matter,which triggered the formation of extremely organic-rich source rocks with TOC up to 29.8%for the Lower Cambrian Yuertus Formation(€1y).The coexistence of ATMBs and the diagnostic products from secondary alterations(e.g.,abundant 25-norhopanes,thiadiamondoids,and diamondoids)indicated a stronger ability of anti-second-alterations.Combined with the results of quantitatively de-convoluting mixed oil,the oil-source correlation based on ATMBs from a large number of Lower Paleozoic samples of the Tarim Basin suggested that the abundant deep crude oil resources co ntained a dominant contribution(>50%)from the€1y source rocks.Therefore,the ATMBs,as diagnostic biomarkers indicating unequivocal precursors under special habitat conditions,might provide important insights for the exploration of deep Lower Paleozoic crude oils in the Tarim Basin.

Pore and fracture characteristics of Cretaceous tight reservoir and its control effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Liuhe Basin

Tight oil and gas in the Cretaceous has been found in the Liuhe Basin,but the rules of tight reservoir and oil and gas accumulation are not clear.This paper discusses the developmental characteristics and evolution law of pores and fractures in the Cretaceous tight reservoir in the Liuhe Basin,and reveals its controlling effect on tight oil and gas accumulation.The results show that intercrystalline pores,intergranular pores and dissolution pores are scattered and only developed in shallow tight reservoirs,while microfractures are developed in both shallow and deep layers,which are the main type of reservoir space in the study area.The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry and nitrogen gas adsorption show that with the increase of depth,the proportion of macropores(microcracks)increases,while the proportion of micropores decreases.There are two stages of microfractures developed in the study area,corresponding to the initial fault depression stage from late Jurassic to early late Cretaceous and compressional uplift at the end of late Cretaceous.According to the principle of“inversion and back-stripping method”,combined with the data of optical microscopy and inclusions,the time of each key diagenesis and its contribution to porosity are revealed,and the porosity evolution history of reservoirs in different diagenetic stages is quantitatively restored.The porosity reduction rate of compaction can reach more than 80%,which is the main reason for reservoir densification.The relationship between pore evolution history and oil and gas accumulation history reveals that during the oil and gas filling period of the Xiahuapidianzi Formation(90-85 Ma),the reservoir porosity is only 1.15%,but the development of microfractures in the first stage of the reservoir is conducive to oil and gas accumulation.

Cyclic Dinucleotide Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Carrier-Free Delivery Platform for STING-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy

Cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs)are natural agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),which is an attractive immunotherapy target.Currently,CDNs and their derivatives are being investigated clinically.However,the poor bioavailability of exogenous CDNs has limited their application in immunotherapy.Although nanocarriers are widely used for cytosolic delivery of CDNs,their loading capacity is insufficient,and their complicated composition and purification process raises bio-compatibility concerns.Herein,we report a super-simplified CDN self-assembly strategy for carrier-free delivery of CDNs.In the presence of excess K^(+),CDNs form oligomers which further self-assemble with divalent metal ions(such as Mn^(2+))to form nanoparticles(NPs)in aqueous solution.We demonstrate that the self-assembled CDN NPs promote cellular uptake of CDNs and enhance tumor immunogenicity by remodeling the tumor microenvironment,inducing immunogenic tumor cell death and increasing tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes,which is conducive to the generation of tumor neoantigen-specific T-cell responses.We also demonstrate that the use of CDN NPs alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockades inhibits tumor growth,highlighting the fact that CDN NPs are a potent platform for cancer immunotherapy.

Quantitatively unmixing method for complex mixed oil based on its fractions carbon isotopes: A case from the Tarim Basin, NW China

Deep mixed oils with secondary alterations have been widely discovered in the Tarim Basin,but current methods based on biomarkers and isotopes to de-convolute mixed oil cannot calculate the exact mixing proportion of different end-member oils,which has seriously hindered further exploration of deep hydrocarbons in the study area.To solve this problem,we constructed a novel method based on the carbon isotope(δ13C)of the group components to de-convolute mixed liquid hydrocarbons under the material balance principle.The results showed that the mixed oil in the Tazhong Uplift was dominantly contributed at an average proportion of 68% by an oil end-member with heavier d13C that was believed to be generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks,whereas the mixed oil in the Tabei Uplift was predominantly contributed at an average proportion of 61% by an oil end-member with lighter d13C that was believed to be generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks.This indicates that,on the basis of the detailed description of the distribution of effective source rocks,the proposed method will be helpful in realizing differential exploration and further improving the efficiency of deep liquid hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin.In addition,compared to traditional δ13C methods for whole oil and individual n-alkanes in de-convoluted mixed oil,the proposed method has a wider range of applications,including for mixed oils with variations in color and density,indicating potential for promoting the exploration of deep complex mixed oils in the Tarim Basin and even around the world.

Feasible engineering of cathode electrolyte interphase enables the profoundly improved electrochemical properties in dual-ion battery

Dual-ion battery(DIB) composed of graphite cathode and lithium anode is regarded as an advanced secondary battery because of the low cost, high working voltage and environmental friendliness. However,DIB operated at high potential(usually ≥ 4.5 V versus Li+/Li) is confronted with severe challenges including electrolyte decomposition on cathode interface, and structural deterioration of graphite accompanying with anions de-/intercalation, hinder its cyclic life. To address those drawbacks and preserve the DIB virtues, a feasible and scalable surface modification is achieved for the commercial graphite cathode of mesocarbon microbead. In/ex-situ studies reveal that, such an interfacial engineering facilitates and reconstructs the formation of chemically stable cathode electrolyte interphase with better flexibility alleviating the decomposition of electrolyte, regulating the anions de-/intercalation behavior in graphite with the retainment of structural integrity and without exerting considerable influence on kinetics of anions diffusion. As a result, the modified mesocarbon microbead exhibits a much-extended cycle life with high capacity retention of 82.3% even after 1000 cycles. This study demonstrates that the interface modification of electrode and coating skeleton play important roles on DIB performance improvement, providing the feasible basis for practical application of DIB owing to the green and scalable coating procedures.

Network meta-analysis of five acupuncture treatments for lumbar disc herniation

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of different acupuncture treatments in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Methods:Searching PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,web of by computer Science,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese biomedical literature database,the retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to January 1,2020.Two researchers conducted literature screening,quality evaluation and data extraction according to the nano platoon standard,and used stata16.0 for network meta-analysis.Results:a total of 69 RCTs were included,involving 6168 patients with lumbar disc herniation,5 kinds of acupuncture therapy(warm acupuncture,fire acupuncture,electroacupuncture,acupuncture thread embedding,general acupuncture).The results of network meta-analysis showed that the effect of electroacupuncture was inferior to that of warm acupuncture,acupuncture thread embedding,and the effect of general acupuncture was inferior to that of warm acupuncture,fire acupuncture,electroacupuncture,acupuncture thread embedding,and the difference was statistically significant.In terms of efficiency,acupuncture and moxibustion embedding thread>warming acupuncture and moxibustion>fire acupuncture>electroacupuncture>ordinary acupuncture.Conclusion:in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,the clinical effect of acupuncture thread embedding is better than the other four interventions.However,the quality and quantity of literature in this study are limited,and the conclusion of this study needs to be verified by high-quality RCT with multiple centers and large samples.

CASTING: A Potent Supramolecular Strategy to Cytosolically Deliver STING Agonist for Cancer Immunotherapy and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Stimulator of interferon genes,namely STING,an adaptor protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum,has been recognized as a shining target for cancer and infection research.However,STING agonists cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs)have shown almost zero efficacy in phase I clinical trials as a monotherapy,likely due to poor cellular permeability and rapid diffusion despite intratumoral injection.These deficiencies further affect other applications of CDNs,such as pandemic SARS-CoV-2 prevention and therapy.Here,we rationally design a supramolecular cytosolic delivery system based on controllable recognition of calixarene,namely CASTING(CAlixarene-STING),to improve CDN druggability,including degradation stability,cellular permeability,and tissue retention.CASTING efficiently enhances the immunostimulatory potency of CDGSF[a chemically modified cyclic di-GMP(CDG)]to generate an immunogenic microenvironment for melanoma regression,anti-PD-1 response rate increase,and durable memory formation against tumor recurrence.More importantly,CASTING displays a superior adjuvant activity on SARSCoV-2 recombinant spike/receptor binding domain vaccines,inducing robust and coordinated T-cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo.Collectively,the CASTING design represents an innovative advancement to facilitate the clinical translational capability of STING agonists.

Lack of evolutionary convergence in multiple primary lung cancer suggests insufficient specificity of personalized therapy

Multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)is an increasingly prevalent subtype of lung cancer.According to recent genomic studies,the different lesions of a single MPLC patient exhibit functional similarities that may reflect evolutionary convergence.We perform whole-exome sequencing for a unique cohort of MPLC patients with multiple samples from each lesion found.Using our own and other relevant public data,evolutionary tree reconstruction reveals that cancer driver gene mutations occurred at the early trunk,indicating evolutionary contingency rather than adaptive convergence.Additionally,tumors from the same MPLC patient are as genetically diverse as those from different patients,while within-tumor genetic heterogeneity is significantly lower.Furthermore,the aberrant molecular functions enriched in mutated genes for a sample show a strong overlap with other samples from the same tumor,but not with samples from other tumors or other patients.Overall,there is no evidence of adaptive convergence during the evolution of MPLC.Most importantly,the similar between-tumor diversity and between-patient diversity suggest that personalized therapies may not adequately account for the genetic diversity among different tumors in an MPLC patient.To fully exploit the strategic value of precision medicine,targeted therapies should be designed and delivered on a per-lesion basis.

Advances in TCM Treatment of Skeletal Fluorosis

By consulting and collating the relevant literatures on the treatment of fluorosis in Traditional Chinese medicine, the research progress of TCM in the treatment of fluorosis was summarized. This paper summarizes the treatment of fluorosis in traditional Chinese medicine from the aspects of the traceability of TCM theory, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and cure, special disease specialty and foreign medicine, so as to guide clinical practice. TCM treatment of fluorosis more use of tonifying kidney and bone, activating blood circulation stasis, cold moisturizing, Tongluo pain relief and other methods, based on dispelling evil and tonifying kidney, combined with a variety of treatment methods, in relieving clinical symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients have an irreplaceable role, has been widely recognized, but most of the research reports are their own work experience summary, Lack of uniform diagnosis and treatment standards, and small sample size, data repeatability is weak, future research needs to further enhance the scientific and objective of the experiment, for TCM treatment of fluorosis to provide a scientific and reasonable diagnosis and treatment program, give full play to the advantages of TCM therapy.

[5]Rotaxane, linear polymer and supramolecular organic framework constructed by nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril-based ternary complexation

Here we use nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril(ns-CB[10]) based ternary complexation to construct [5]rotaxane,linear supramolecular dynamic rotaxane polymers and cubic 3D supramolecular organic framework.A [5]rotaxane is constructed by ns-CB[10], TMe CB[6] and short linear derivatives of 4,4'-bipyridinium(M2). ns-CB[10], CB[7] and long linear derivatives of 4,4'-bipyridinium(M3) self-assemble into a linear supramolecular dynamic rotaxane polymer. ns-CB[10] and tetracationic tetrahedral monomer selfassemble and form a three-dimensional supramolecular organic framework. The above results demonstrate that ns-CB[10]-based ternary complexation is a versatile platform to build various supramolecular systems.

High-ionicity fluorophosphate lattice via aliovalent substitution as advanced cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries

As a cathode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Na3V2(PO4)2F3(NVPF)with 3D open framework is a promising candidate due to its high working voltage and large theoretical capacity.However,the severe capacity degradation and poor rate capability hinder its practical applications.The present study demonstrated the optimization of Na-storage performance of NVPF via delicate lattice modulation.Aliovalent substitution of V^(3^(+))at Na^(+)in NVPF induces the generation of electronic defects and expansion of Na^(+)-migration channels,resulting in the enhancement in electronic conductivity and acceleration of Na^(+)-migration kinetics.It is disclosed that the formed stronger Na O bonds with high ionicity than V O bonds lead to the significant increase in structural stability and ionicity in the Na^(+)-substituted NVPF(NVPF-Nax).The aforementioned effects of Na^(+)substitution achieve the unprecedented electrochemical performance in the optimized Na_(3.14)V1.93Na0.07(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF-Na_(0.07)).As a result,NVPF-Na0.07 delivers a high-rate capability(77.5 mAh g^(−1)at 20 C)and ultralong cycle life(only 0.027%capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 10 C).Sodium-ion full cells are designed using NVPF-Na0.07 as cathode and Se@reduced graphene oxide as anode.The full cells exhibit excellent wide-temperature electrochemical performance from−25 to 25C with an outstanding rate capability(96.3 mAh g^(−1)at 20 C).Furthermore,it delivered an excellent cycling performance over 300 cycles with a capacity retention exceeding 90%at 0.5 C under different temperatures.This study demonstrates a feasible strategy for the development of advanced cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties to achieve high-efficiency energy storage.

An advanced cathode composite for co-utilization of cations and anions in lithium batteries

Anions in the electrolyte are usually ignored in conventional"rocking-chair"batteries because only cationic de-/intercalation is considered.An ingenious scheme combining LiMn_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)PO_(4)(LMFP@C)and graphite as a hybrid cathode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is elaborately designed in order to exploit the potential value of anions for battery performance.The hybrid cathode has a higher conductivity and energy density than any of the individual components,allowing for the co-utilization of cations and an-ions through the de-/intercalation of Li^(+)and PF_(6)−over a wide voltage range.The optimal compound with a weight mix ratio of LMFP@C:graphite=5:1 can deliver the highest specific capacity of nearly 140 mA h/g at 0.1 C and the highest voltage plateau of around 4.95 V by adjusting the appropriate mixing ratio.In addition,cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrode kinetics of Li^(+)and PF_(6)−dif-fusion in the hybrid compound at various scan rates.In situ X-ray diffraction is also performed to further demonstrate the structural evolution of the hybrid cathode during the charge/discharge process.

Flexible quasi-solid-state sodium-ion full battery with ultralong cycle life,high energy density and high-rate capability

Flexible power sources featuring high-performance,prominent flexibility and raised safety have received mounting attention in the area of wearable electronic devices.However,many great challenges remain to be overcome,notably the design and fabrication of flexible electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance and matching them with safe and reliable electrolytes.Herein,a facile approach for preparing flexible electrodes,which employs carbon cloth derived from commercial cotton cloth as the substrate of cathode and a flexible anode,is proposed and investigated.The promising cathode(NVPOF@FCC)with high conductivity and outstanding flexibility is prepared by efficiently coating Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)O_(2)F(NVPOF)on flexible carbon cloth(FCC),which exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance and the significantly improved reaction kinetics.More importantly,a novel flexible quasi-solid-state sodium-ion full battery(QSFB)is feasibly assembled by sandwiching a P(VDF-HFP)-NaClO_(4) gel-polymer electrolyte film between the advanced NVPOF@FCC cathode and FCC anode.And the QSFBs are further evaluated in flexible pouch cells,which not only demonstrates excellent energy-storage performance in aspect of great cycling stability and high-rate capability,but also impressive flexibility and safety.This work offers a feasible and effective strategy for the design of flexible electrodes,paving the way for the progression of practical and sustainable flexible batteries.

Advanced flame-retardant electrolyte for highly stabilized K-ion storage in graphite anode

Although graphite anodes operated with representative de/intercalation patterns at low potentials are considered highly desirable for K-ion batteries,the severe capacity fading caused by consecutive reduction reactions on the aggressively reactive surface is inevitable given the scarcity of effective protecting layers.Herein,by introducing a flame-retardant localized high-concentration electrolyte with retentive solvation configuration and relatively weakened anion-coordination and non-solvating fluorinated ether,the rational solid electrolyte interphase characterized by well-balanced inorganic/organic components is tailored in situ.This effectively prevented solvents from excessively decomposing and simultaneously improved the resistance against K-ion transport.Consequently,the graphite anode retained a prolonged cycling capability of up to 1400 cycles(245 mA h g,remaining above 12 mon)with an excellent capacity retention of as high as 92.4%.This is superior to those of conventional and high-concentration electrolytes.Thus,the optimized electrolyte with moderate salt concentration is perfectly compatible with graphite,providing a potential application prospect for K-storage evolution.