Role of deubiquitinase JOSD2 in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a deadly malignancy with limited treatment options.Deubiquitinases(DUBs)have been confirmed to play a crucial role in the development of malignant tumors.JOSD2 is a DUB involved in con-trolling protein deubiquitination and influencing critical cellular processes in cancer.AIM To investigate the impact of JOSD2 on the progression of ESCC.METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were employed to explore the expression,prognosis,and enriched pathways associated with JOSD2 in ESCC.Lentiviral transduction was utilized to manipulate JOSD2 expression in ESCC cell lines(KYSE30 and RESULTS )Preliminary research indicated that JOSD2 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues,which was associated with poor prognosis.Further analysis demonstrated that JOSD2 was upregulated in ESCC cell lines compared to normal esophageal cells.JOSD2 knockdown inhibited ESCC cell activity,including proliferation and colony-forming ability.Moreover,JOSD2 knockdown decreased the drug resistance and migration of ESCC cells,while JOSD2 overexpression enhanced these phenotypes.In vivo xenograft assays further confirmed that JOSD2 promoted tumor proliferation and drug resistance in ESCC.Mechanistically,JOSD2 appears to activate the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.Mass spectrometry was used to identify crucial substrate proteins that interact with JOSD2,which identified the four primary proteins that bind to JOSD2,namely USP47,IGKV2D-29,HSP90AB1,and PRMT5.CONCLUSION JOSD2 plays a crucial role in enhancing the proliferation,migration,and drug resistance of ESCC,suggesting that JOSD2 is a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.

面向高性能锂-硫二次电池应用的非对称电极-电解质界面

锂-硫电池具有高的理论电芯比能量和低成本,是极具应用前景的下一代电化学储能技术,已被广泛研究。实用化锂-硫电池技术目前面临的挑战主要包括正极侧电活性硫物种在充放电过程中的不可逆损失,负极侧枝晶形核生长,以及因活性硫迁移至负极而导致的界面副反应,上述问题会导致电池工况条件下性能迅速衰退,引发电池失效和安全问题。本工作中,我们提出通过设计非对称的电极-电解质界面稳定锂-硫电池正负极电化学,协同促进电极/电解质体相和界面电荷输运,从而延长电池循环寿命,显著提升电化学性能。本文所讨论的策略有望指导电池界面理性设计,助力实现高性能的锂-硫电池。

Recent progress on confinement of polysulfides through physical andchemical methods

With high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of S, lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries areconsidered to be the promising next generation high-energy rechargeable energy storage devices. How-ever, issues including electronical insulation of S, the lithium polysulfides （LiPSs） dissolution and the shortcycle lifespan have prevented Li-S batteries from being practical applied. Feasible settlements of confiningLiPSs to reduce the loss of active substances and improve the cycle stability include wrapping sulfur withcompact layers, designing matrix with porous or hollow structures, adding adsorbents owning stronginteraction with sulfur and inserting polysulfide barriers between cathodes and separators. This reviewcategorizes them into physical and chemical confinements according to the influencing mechanism. Withfurther discussion of their merits and flaws, synergy of the physical and chemical confinement is believedto be the feasible avenue that can guide Li-S batteries to the practical application.

Primary yields of protons measured using CR-39 in laser-induceddeuteron–deuteron fusion reactions

Investigating deuteron–deuteron(DD)fusion reactions in a plasma environment similar to the early stages of the Big Bang is an important topic in nuclear astrophysics.In this study,we experimentally investigated such reactions,using eight laser beams with the third harmonic impacting on a deuterated polyethylene target at the ShenGuang-II Upgrade laser facility.This work focused on the application of range-filter(RF)spectrometers,assembled from a 70 lm aluminum filter and two CR-39 nuclear track detectors,to measure the yields of primary DD-protons.Based on the track diameter calibration results of 3 MeV protons used to diagnose the tracks on the RF spectrometers,an approximate primary DD-proton yield of(8.5±1.7)×10^6 was obtained,consistent with the yields from similar laser facilities worldwide.This indicates that the RF spectrometer is an effective way to measure primary DD-protons.However,due to the low yields of D^3He-protons and its small track diameter,CR-39 detectors were unable to distinguish it from the background spots.Using other accurate detectors may help to measure these rare events.

Theoretical and experimental study on broadband terahertz atmospheric transmission characteristics

Broadband terahertz（THz） atmospheric transmission characteristics from 0 to 8 THz are theoretically simulated based on a standard Van Vleck–Weisskopf line shape, considering 1696 water absorption lines and 298 oxygen absorption lines.The influences of humidity, temperature, and pressure on the THz atmospheric absorption are analyzed and experimentally verified with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（FTIR） system, showing good consistency. The investigation and evaluation on high-frequency atmospheric windows are good supplements to existing data in the low-frequency range and lay the foundation for aircraft-based high-altitude applications of THz communication and radar.

Hydrogen isotope effects: A new path to high-energy aqueous rechargeable Li/Na-ion batteries

Aqueous rechargeable Li/Na-ion batteries have shown promise for sustainable large-scale energy storage due to their safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.However,practical applications of aqueous batteries are plagued by water's intrinsically narrow electrochemical stability window,which results in low energy density.In this perspective article,we review several strategies to broaden the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes and realize high-energy aqueous batteries.Specifically,we highlight our recent findings on stabilizing aqueous Li storage electrochemistry using a deuterium dioxide-based aqueous electrolyte,which shows significant hydrogen isotope effects that trigger a wider electrochemical window and inhibit detrimental parasitic processes.

Chalcogen cathode and its conversion electrochemistry in rechargeable Li/Na batteries

Chalcogen elements,such as sulfur(S),selenium(Se),tellurium(Te)and the interchalcogen compounds,have been studied extensively as cathode materials for the next-generation rechargeable lithium/sodium(Li/Na)batteries.The high energy output of the Li/Na-chalcogen battery originates from the two-electron conversion reaction between chalcogen cathode and alkali metal anode,through which both electrodes are able to deliver high theoretical capacities.The reaction also leads to parasitic reactions that deteriorate the chemical environment in the battery,and different cathode-anode combinations show their own features.In this article,we intend to discuss the fundamental conversion electrochemistry between chalcogen elements and alkali metals and its potential influence,either positive or negative,on the performance of batteries.The strategies to improve the conversion electrochemistry of chalcogen cathode are also reviewed to offer insights into the reasonable design of rechargeable Li/Nachalcogen batteries.

Resolution enhancement in hydrophobic interaction chromatography via electrostatic interactions

In this work,a new type of hydrophobic stationary phase that provide electrostatic interactions with analytes was developed by bondingβ-phenylethylamine as a functional ligand to silica.This stationary phase can separate proteins with similar hydrophobicity that traditional hydrophobic resins cannot.Hen egg white was separated to examine the selectivity.The results show that the introduced electrostatic interactions are an important factor for the resolution enhancement and the new resin could have important applications in separation and purification of biological macromolecules.

Boron-doped three-dimensional MXene host for durable lithium-metal anode

Lithium metal has been widely studied as one of the most promising anode materials for realizing the next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.However,its practical use in rechargeable batteries has been hindered by hazardous dendrite growth and huge volume variations during Li plating/stripping.Herein,we reported a borondoped three-dimensional(3D)layered MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))as the host of Li metal anode.The material was synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal process.With uniform B-doping,the prepared 3D multilayered MXene sheets provided more sites for nucleation of Li metal,so that the deposited Li metal anode showed favorable cycling stability and a high Coulombic efficiency.With the use of the same host material,a hybrid lithium-metal battery with 3D Li anode coupling with LiFePO4 cathode showed long cycle life and favorable electrochemical stability.This work shed lights on reasonable structural and compositional design of host materials that enables high-performance Li-metal anode toward practical realization of highenergy rechargeable batteries。

In Situ Copolymerizated Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Cross-Linked Network for Sodium-Ion Batteries

High thermal stability,nonflammability,and no liquid leakage are indispensable capabilities for electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries toward large-scale energy storage systems.The use of solid-state or gel polymer electrolytes has proven to be one of the enabling tools to bring about these advancements;however,their application suffer from tedious synthesis procedure and/or lowionic transport to ensure a battery operation.Herein,a novel gel polymer electrolyte with a cross-linked polyether network(GPE-CPN)was crafted through a self-catalyzed strategy,where in situ copolymerization of two monomers,1,3-dioxolane and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether is realized successfully,with the use of sodium hexafluorophosphate(NaPF_(6))as an initiator,at room temperature.We demonstrate that the resultant GPE-CPN possesses a superior electrochemical stability window up to 4 V versus Na^(+)/Na,a considerable ionic conductivity,of 8.2×10^(−4)S cm^(−1) at room temperature,which is a capability good enough to suppress the growth of sodium dendrites and thus,stabilize the interface of electrolyte/sodium anode.Considering the benefit from its facile fabrication and superior characteristics,the asgenerated GPE-CPN reveals a potential application for future rechargeable sodium batteries.