Concerns arise: wheat allergy risk in pre-packaged food products from China

Understanding and monitoring the cross-contamination of food allergens is crucial for safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety.Food allergen risk assessment,derived from classical toxicological principles,can identify and quantify the risk of allergies.This study aimed to investigate the risk of wheat allergic reactions to prepackaged foods from China through the utilization of food allergen risk assessment.A total of 575 products have been surveyed,wheat/gluten,milk and egg were major allergens labelled on products.According to voluntary incidental trace allergen labelling 3.0(VITAL®3.0)program,the number of products belonged to Action Level 2 were 303.Integration of precautionary allergen labeling(PAL)analysis indicated that 9.57%products would pose a potential risk to wheat allergic individuals.The probabilistic risk assessment results suggest that 7984 allergic reactions may arise among wheat-allergic consumers during 10000 eating occasions due to the consumption of pre-packaged food products with incorrect wheat-related allergen labelling.This study demonstrated that a risk assessment-based approach can support the guidance of allergen labelling and management of food allergen for pre-packaged food products,providing protection for allergic individuals in food consumption and for food manufacturers in food production and trade.

Evolutionary computation in China： A literature survey

Evolutionary computation （EC） has received significant attention in China during the last two decades. In this paper, we present an overview of the current state of this rapidly growing field in China. Chinese research in theoretical foundations of EC, EC-based optimization, EC-based data mining, and EC-based real-world applications are summarized.

Pervasive intelligent endogenous 6G wireless systems:Prospects,theories and key technologies

The worldwide large-scale commercial deployment of 5G has commenced in 2020 for supporting enhanced Mobile BroadBand(eMBB),ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications(uRLLC),and massive Machine-Type Communications(mMTC)services.Nevertheless,the upsurge of Artificial Intelligence(AI)-powered applications,the developmental law of one-decade-one-generation of wireless communications and the inherent limitations of 5G have also been spurring the industry and academia to dedicate their efforts to the research of future 6G wireless systems.6G will be a disruptive,pervasive,intelligent,and endogenous wireless system,which will revolutionize all walks of life and accelerate the transformation and innovation of the global society.In this paper,we present a forward-looking,comprehensive and in-depth analysis and technical identification of 6G.Specifically,we firstly introduce the fundamental theories of 6G in terms of potential requirements.Then,we focus our attention on the discussion of promising key technologies in terms of spectrum,air interface,delay,access,energy consumption,coverage,AI,electromagnetism,interaction,etc.

(001)-oriented FePt/Ag composite films for perpendicular recording

FePt/Ag thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto 7059 glass substrates, then were annealed at 550 ℃ for 30 min. Nanostructured FePt/Ag films were successfully obtained with the magnetic easy axis of L10 FePt perpendicular to the film plane. It was found that the development of （001） texture depended strongly on the thicknesses of FePt magnetic layer and Ag underlayer. The L10 ordered FePt（15 nm）/Ag（50 nm） with （001） orientation can be obtained. And the perpendicular coercivity of FePt（15 nm）/Ag（50 nm） film reached to 7.2× 10^5 A/m, whereas the longitudinal one was only 3.2×10^4 A/m. The non-magnetic Ag underlayer can not only induce （001） orientation and ordering of FePt grains, but also reduce the intergrain interactions.

Self-Certificating Root:A Root Zone Security Enhancement Mechanism for DNS

As a critical Internet infrastructure,domain name system(DNS)protects the authenticity and integrity of domain resource records with the introduction of security extensions(DNSSEC).DNSSEC builds a single-center and hierarchical resource authentication architecture,which brings management convenience but places the DNS at risk from a single point of failure.When the root key suffers a leak or misconfiguration,top level domain(TLD)authority cannot independently protect the authenticity of TLD data in the root zone.In this paper,we propose self-certificating root,a lightweight security enhancement mechanism of root zone compatible with DNS/DNSSEC protocol.By adding the TLD public key and signature of the glue records to the root zone,this mechanism enables the TLD authority to certify the self-submitted data in the root zone and protects the TLD authority from the risk of root key failure.This mechanism is implemented on an open-source software,namely,Berkeley Internet Name Domain(BIND),and evaluated in terms of performance,compatibility,and effectiveness.Evaluation results show that the proposed mechanism enables the resolver that only supports DNS/DNSSEC to authenticate the root zone TLD data effectively with minimal performance difference.

Research and Design of Consistent Project Cases for the Software Engineering Course Group

In order to enhance the abilities of practical innovation and solving complex engineering problems of students in the engineering context,we design a course cluster teaching model based on a unified enterprise-level project case.The program divides the knowledge points required by the project into the corresponding courses,and divides their realization into the practical teaching cases,so as to realize the design of teaching practice cases embodied in the unified project framework.This model allows students to practice projects based on the unified project background while learning knowledge from different courses.It not only allows students to learn abstract,fragmented,and difficult-to-understand knowledge systems thoroughly,but also integrates the knowledge into the practice of the enterprise-level project development,helping students experience the value of knowledge in complex engineering projects and thus improving their ability to solve complex engineering problems while learning theoretical knowledge.

Overview of allergenic risk of novel foods

The reported cases of food allergies are steadily increasing.With the invention of more novel foods,new and unfamiliar allergens are being introduced into our diets,which raises concerns about the potential risk of novel food allergies.The purpose of this review is to assess the allergenic risks associated with novel food components,strategies for assessing risk in relation to novel food allergens,and current regulations for managing food allergens in novel food products.

Portable hydrogel-based tri-channel fluorescence sensor array for visual detection of multiple explosives

The identification and detection of various types of explosives are essential for human health and environmental monitoring.Array-based sensing approach offers significant advantages in detecting multi-analytes simultaneously,thereby holding great potential in identifying multiple explosives.Here,we report a tri-channel fluorescence array composed of three distinct fluorescence probes based on gold nanoclusters and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with well-separated emission colors.Through the specific interactions of explosives with different fluorescent probes and the yielded response patterns,seven explosives can be successfully distinguished with 100%accuracy.In particular,the sensor array exhibits excellent performance in the quantitative analysis of individual explosive and the differentiation of multiple explosive mixtures.To facilitate the field detection towards practical application,the tri-channel fluorescence array was further integrated with polymer hydrogels.The fabricated portable hydrogel-based array sensors can not only visually identify seven different explosives by their distinct fluorescence color change,but also enable quantitative detection based on linear discriminant analysis(LDA)together with a smartphone.This study illustrates the great potential of hydrogel-based fluorescence sensor array as robust sensors for explosives,which also holds significant promise for the development of portable explosive devices towards practical application.

Lead-free(Ba,Sr)TiO_(3)-based ceramics with superior tunable properties by the semi-solution method

High-performance dielectric tunable materials with both high dielectric tunability and low dielectric loss are urgently needed for new-generation electronic tunable devices.In the present study,a new system,(Ba_(0.675)Sr_(0.325))_(1−x)La_(x)Ti_(1−x)MnxO_(3)(x=0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,and 1.0%),was designed.The acceptor dopant Mn was added to lower dielectric loss,while the donor dopant La was introduced to enhance dielectric tunability.The samples were prepared using the conventional solid-state(CS)reaction method and the semi-solution(SS)method.The experimental results showed that the morphology of the ceramics was optimized by further improving the processing procedure.Dense microstructures,homogeneous grains,and uniform dopant distributions could be achieved successfully by the semi-solution method.Moreover,a significant enhancement in the tunable properties was realized owing to the improved microstructure mentioned above.The optimum tunable properties occurred in the samples prepared by the semi-solution method at x=0.75%,with a high dielectric tunability of 85.0%,a low dielectric loss of 0.0011,and an excellent figure of merit(FOM)of 773.The tunable properties of(Ba,Sr)TiO_(3)(BST)ceramics were even superior to those of lead-based materials,with an FOM of approximately 700.All the results suggested that the semi-solution method rendered BST ceramics more promising for applications in tunable devices.

Regulating composition and structure of coal-based graphene and its electrochemical characteristics

Coal,a carbon-rich mineral with plentiful reserves,serves not only as a fuel but also as a raw material,presenting lower pollution emissions in the latter use.From a materials chemistry standpoint,coal is a viable raw material for graphene production.This study develops a promising and sustainable method to convert coal into graphene,leveraging its unique macromolecular aromatic struc-ture and high carbon content.The investigation includes an analysis of the lateral size,morphology,and chemical composition of coal-derived graphene using techniques such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and op-tical microscopy.Results confirm that coal can effectively replace natural graphite flakes in graphene production,with the derived graphene featuring three to six exfoliated layers and an oxygen content below 5.5%.While the graphene from coal shares a similar morphology to that derived from graphite,it exhibits more structural defects.Interestingly,the macroscopic size of the coal does not influence the microscopic composition and structure of the graphene.However,the thermal reduction method for oxidized graphene proves more effective at repairing structural defects than chemical reduction.Employing coal-derived graphene as a supercapacitor electrode demonstrates excellent cycling stability and ultra-high capacitance storage capacity.The H-CG-325 shows the highest dis-charge area-specific capacitance across various current densities.At an increased current density of 10 A/g,the H-CG-325 maintains 80.6%of its initial capacitance of 79 F/g observed at 1 A/g.Electrochemical tests reveal that coal-based graphene holds significant potential as a supercapacitor material,indicating promising applications in energy storage and conversion.

Failure mechanism of metallized film capacitors under DC field superimposed AC harmonic:From equipment to material

This study focuses on the degradation behaviour of metallised film capacitors,which are the essential components for the stability of converter valves in flexible ultra-high voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission systems.Through systematic experimentation,we investigated the failure mechanisms of MFCs under HVDC fields with superimposed harmonics,considering both equipment and material perspectives.The experiments subjected capacitors to 500 h of ageing under two conditions:a DC/AC-superimposed field with a constant DC component of 290 kV/mm and an AC ripple rate varying from 12%to 28%,and a control group aged solely under a DC field.Our findings indicate that capacitors aged under the DC/AC-superimposed field exhibited shorter lifespans and more significant capacitance loss than those aged under only the DC field.This difference in performance is primarily attributed to the distinct electrode loss behaviours observed under each ageing condition,which are key factors in the capacitors'capacitance decay.Moreover,the biaxially oriented polypropylene films in the DC-aged samples showed more severe deterioration,characterised by more noticeable molecular chain scission and reduced breakdown strength,compared to those aged under the DC/AC superimposed field.This difference is partly due to the moderate temperature increase caused by harmonics,which benefits the aggregation structure,and partly to the reduced molecular structure damage from the AC field.

Multi-step evolution and measurement control of finite-dimensional quantum systems

For finite-dimensional quantum systems,we propose a quantum control scheme based on a multi-step unitary evolution and quantum projective measurements.The objective is to design a control law to steer the system to a target eigenstate of the measurement operator in the least number of steps.Within each control step,unitary evolution and quantum projective measurement are performed in turn until the system reaches the target state.The control process can be modeled as a finite-state Markov chain with an absorbing state.We prove that the controlled system will converge to the target eigenstate with probability one after a finite number of control steps and find a minimal-step-number condition that would steer the system to the target eigenstate in the least number of steps.

Recent advances in all-in-one flexible supercapacitors

The rise of personalized flexible electronics has promoted the rapid development of flexible supercapacitors due to their long service life,fast charging-discharging rates and safe operation.Different from the traditional flexible supercapacitors,the all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors are more resistant to deformation and lower interface resistance,which have a broader application prospect in the field of flexible electronics.This review briefly summarizes the preparation methods and electrochemical properties of some typical all-in-one supercapacitors,represented by planar and fibrous structures in recent years.Firstly,the basic understanding of traditional flexible supercapacitors and all-in-one integrated flexible supercapacitors,and the key parameters of the performance of flexible supercapacitors are introduced.Subsequently,the hydrogel matrix all-in-one supercapacitors with different functional characteristics(stretchable,self-healing and compressible)and the nonhydrogel matrix(separator,flexible membrane)all-in-one supercapacitors are discussed.Furthermore,the challenges and future development of flexible supercapacitors are considered.

Single-shot ultrafast multiplexed coherent diffraction imaging

Classic interferometry was commonly adopted to realize ultrafast phase imaging using pulsed lasers;however, the reference beam required makes the optical structure of the imaging system very complex, and high temporal resolution was reached by sacrificing spatial resolution. This study presents a type of single-shot ultrafast multiplexed coherent diffraction imaging technique to realize ultrafast phase imaging with both high spatial and temporal resolutions using a simple optical setup, and temporal resolution of nanosecond to femtosecond scale can be realized using lasers of different pulse durations. This technique applies a multiplexed algorithm to avoid the data division in space domain or frequency domain and greatly improves the spatial resolution. The advantages of this proposed technique on both the simple optical structure and high image quality were demonstrated by imaging the generation and evaluating the laser-induced damage and accompanying phenomenon of laser filament and shock wave at a spatial resolution better than 6.96 μm and a temporal resolution better than 10 ns.

Direct ink writing of conductive materials for emerging energy storage systems

Direct ink writing(DIW)has recently emerged as an appealing method for designing and fabricating three-dimensional(3D)objects.Complex 3D structures can be built layer-by-layer via digitally controlled extrusion and deposition of aqueous-based colloidal pastes.The formulation of well-dispersed suspensions with specific rheological behaviors is a prerequisite for the use of this route.In this review article,the fundamental concepts of DIW are presented,including the operation principles and basic features.Typical strategies used for ink formulation are discussed with a focus on the most widely used electrode materials,including graphene,Mxenes,and carbon nanotubes.The recent progress in printing design of emerging energy storage systems,encompassing rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,is summarized.Challenges and future perspectives are also covered to provide guidance for the future development of DIW.

lncR-GAS5 upregulates the splicing factor SRSF10 to impair endothelial autophagy,leading to atherogenesis

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a critical role in the regulation of atherosclerosis.Here,we investigated the role of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5(lncR-GAS5)in atherogenesis.We found that the enforced expression of lncR-GAS5 contributed to the development of atherosclerosis,which presented as increased plaque size and reduced collagen content.Moreover,impaired autophagy was observed,as shown by a decreased LC3II/LC3I protein ratio and an elevated P62 level in lncR-GAS5-overexpressing human aortic endothelial cells.By contrast,lncR-GAS5 knockdown promoted autophagy.Moreover,serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10(SRSF10)knockdown increased the LC3II/LC3I ratio and decreased the P62 level,thus enhancing the formation of autophagic vacuoles,autolysosomes,and autophagosomes.Mechanistically,lncR-GAS5 regulated the downstream splicing factor SRSF10 to impair autophagy in the endothelium,which was reversed by the knockdown of SRSF10.Further results revealed that overexpression of the lncR-GAS5-targeted gene miR-193-5p promoted autophagy and autophagic vacuole accumulation by repressing its direct target gene,SRSF10.Notably,miR-193-5p overexpression decreased plaque size and increased collagen content.Altogether,these findings demonstrate that lncR-GAS5 partially contributes to atherogenesis and plaque instability by impairing endothelial autophagy.In conclusion,lncR-GAS5 overexpression arrested endothelial autophagy through the miR-193-5p/SRSF10 signaling pathway.Thus,miR-193-5p/SRSF10 may serve as a novel treatment target for atherosclerosis.

Ni-catalyzed ligand-controlled divergent and selective synthesis

Scaffold diversity is a key feature of a compound library and plays a pivotal role in its success in biological screening.Therefore,it is highly desirable to develop efficient strategies to rapidly construct structurally distinct and diverse“privileged”molecular scaffolds,thereby giving rise to compound libraries with selective and differing biological activities.This review covers recent efforts in this emerging field of Ni-catalyzed divergent and selective synthesis,and will focus on reactions using the same substrate to generate structurally diverse molecular scaffolds by varying the ligand backbone under otherwise almost identical reaction conditions.We hope that the field will be encouraged by the progress achieved,drawing attention to the design and development of new selective catalytic systems,and revealing new modes of catalytic transformation for broader synthetic applications.

The potential development of drug resistance in rheumatoid arthritis patients identified with p53 mutations

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cartilage and bone damage with the presence of pannus formation which causes uncontrollable proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS).Since rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disorder,the patients normally need to undergo prolonged antirheumatic treatment with the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs),steroids,and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).The efficacy of such long-term pharmaceutical intervention can be significantly affected by the development of drug resistance.The pathological relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and cancer hinted that some chemotherapeutic drugs,such as methotrexate(MTX),could be used for RA treatment.This idea was reinforced by the analysis of mutations in p53 tumor suppressor gene.Around 50%of p53 somatic mutations observed from various cancers are also identified in the synovium of RA patients1(Fig.1A).Of note,the hyperplastic synovium in RA with overexpressed p53 mutants contributed to the destruction of joints in patients with erosive RA.