Interaction between Surface Acoustic Wave and Quantum Hall Effects

Surface acoustic wave(SAW)is a powerful technique for investigating quantum phases appearing in twodimensional electron systems.The electrons respond to the piezoelectric field of SAW through screening,attenuating its amplitude,and shifting its velocity,which is described by the relaxation model.In this work,we systematically study this interaction using orders of magnitude lower SAW amplitude than those in previous studies.At high magnetic fields,when electrons form highly correlated states such as the quantum Hall effect,we observe an anomalously large attenuation of SAW,while the acoustic speed remains considerably high,inconsistent with the conventional relaxation model.This anomaly exists only when the SAW power is sufficiently low.

Nobiletin downregulates the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and shows synergistic effects with palbociclib on renal cell carcinoma

Objective:Natural extracts,including nobiletin,have been reported to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs.However,whether and how nobiletin affects tumor growth and progression in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)are still unclear.Methods:Cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis analyses,colony-formation assays,immunoblotting analysis,and q RT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate how nobiletin affected RCC cell proliferation in vitro.The nude mouse model was used to test the efficacy of nobiletin alone or in combination with palbociclib.Results:Nobiletin inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in RCC cells.Mechanistically,nobiletin decreased SKP2 protein expression by reducing its transcriptional level.The downregulated SKP2 caused accumulation of its substrates,p27 and p21,which further inhibited the activity of the G1 phase-related protein,CDK2,leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor formation.A higher SKP2 protein level indicated less sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib.A combination of nobiletin and palbociclib showed a synergistic tumor inhibition in vitro and in an in vivo model.Conclusions:Nobiletin downregulated the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and showed synergistic tumor inhibition effects with the CDK4/6 inhibitor,palbociclib,on RCC,which indicates a potential new therapeutic strategy.

Two-Dimensional Metal-Halide Perovskite-based Optoelectronics: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications

In the past decade, metal-halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention in optoelectronics, due to their superior optoelectronic properties.However, inherent instabilities of conventional three-dimensional(3D)perovskites over moisture, heat, and light remain a severe challenge before the realization of commercial application of metal-halide perovskites.Interestingly, when the dimensions of metal-halide perovskites are reduced to two dimensions(2D), many of the novel properties will arise, such as enlarged bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and large exciton binding energy. As a result, 2D metal-halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices display excellent performance, particularly as ambient stable solar cells with excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE), high-performance light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with sharp emission peak, and high-sensitive photodetectors. In this review, we first introduce the synthesis, structure,and physical properties of 2D perovskites. Then, the 2D perovskite-based solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors are discussed. Finally, a brief overview of the opportunities and challenges for 2D perovskite optoelectronics is presented.

Development of Intrinsic Room-Temperature 2D Ferromagnetic Crystals for 2D Spintronics

Two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnetic crystals with fascinating optical and electrical properties are crucial for nanotechnology and have a wide variety of applications in spintronics.However,low Curie temperatures of most 2D ferromagnetic crystals seriously hinder their practical applications,thus searching for intrinsic roomtemperature 2D ferromagnetic crystals is of great importance for development of information technology.Fortunately,progresses have been achieved in the last few years.Here we review recent advances in the field of intrinsic room-temperature 2D ferromagnetic crystals and introduce their applications in spintronic devices based on van der Waals heterostructures.Finally,the remaining challenge and future perspective on the development direction of intrinsic room-temperature 2D ferromagnetic crystals for 2D spintronics and van der Waals spintronics are briefly summarized.

Optimization Model of Cold-Chain Logistics Network for Fresh Agricultural Products —Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

Cold-chain demand of fresh agricultural products is increasing in China, while network layout of cold-chain logistics is in disorder and its cost is huge. To address this problem, this paper casts an optimal model of cold-chain logistics network and tackles it with genetic algorithms. This optimal model takes running total cost of logistics network as the objective, and embeds a nonlinear mixed integer programming including two assignment issues. The model determines optimal layout and logistics management for pre-cooling stations and logistics center for fresh agricultural products. Our main contribution is to consider construction cost and operation cost of cold chain logistics simultaneously. Case study illustrates the effectiveness of the model.

用焦虑-VAS评估音乐疗法对白内障手术老人焦虑的作用

目的:探讨术中音乐疗法对白内障手术老人焦虑的作用。方法:白内障手术老人患者40例,随机分为实验和对照组,每组各20例,实验组术中接受音乐疗法,对照组进行常规护理。采用焦虑-VAS分别于术前和术毕评估焦虑程度,同时记录血压、心率以及二者之积。结果:术前实验和对照组患者焦虑-VAS分别为7.2 &#177;2.0和7.3 &#177;1.9,差异无统计学意义(p >0.05)。实验组术毕焦虑-VAS为4.8 &#177;1.8,显著低于术前水平,差异有统计学意义(p 0.05);两组比较,实验组术毕焦虑-VAS显著低于对照组水平,差异有统计学意义(p 0.05),手术10分钟和术毕各参数显著增加,差异都有统计学意义(p <0.05),但实验组术中和术毕各参数增加程度小于对照组,差异无统计学意义(p <0.05)。结论:白内障手术中音乐疗法可缓解手术患者焦虑水平。

Excess PbI_(2)evolution for triple-cation based perovskite solar cells with 21.9%efficiency

The triple cation mixed perovskites(Cs FAMA)are known as one of the most efficient candidates for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is found that the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of triple-cation based devices would increase with the test time extending,and the maximum efficiency is normally obtained after several days aging storage.Here,the relationship between enhanced device performance,excess PbI_(2)and its evolution in triple cation perovskite films of initial days was systematically explored.The Cs FAMA-PSCs are prepared by two-step methods under two environmental conditions,including in the glove box and the ambient air(30%humidity).After 7 days testing,the maximum PCE of PSCs under two conditions dramatically increased 12.4%and 12.2%,reached 21.68%and 21.89%,respectively.At initial days,the XRD peak intensities of perovskite phase gradually decreased and those corresponding to PbI_(2)increased.Along with time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL)and kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),it was found that the defects were passivated with the evolution of PbI_(2).This work reveals the excess PbI_(2)and its evolution in perovskite film,which can further supplement the understanding of PbI_(2)defect passivation.

Synergy of mesoporous SnO_(2)and RbF modification for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells

Electron transport layer(ETL)is very critical to the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and optimization work on ETL has received extensive attentions especially on tin oxide(SnO_(2))since it is an excellent ETL material widely applied in high-efficiency PSCs.Thereinto,introducing mesoporous structure and surface modification are two important approaches which are commonly applied.Herein,based on the previous work in low-temperature fabrication process of mesoporous SnO_(2)(mSnO_(2)),we introduced a modification process with rubidium fuoride(Rb F)to the m-SnO_(2)ETL,and successfully achieved a synergy of the m-SnO_(2)and Rb F modification:not only the shortcoming of the m-SnO_(2)in interfacial traps was overcome,but also the carrier collection efficiency was further improved.The PSCs based on the m-SnO_(2)ETL with Rb F modification demonstrated outstanding performances:a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 22.72%and a stability performance of maintaining 90%of the initial PCE after 300 h of MPP tracking were obtained without surface passivation of perovskite film.Hence,utilizing the abovementioned synergy is a cost-effective and feasible strategy for fabricating high-efficiency and stable PSCs since the fabrication process of the m-SnO_(2)ETL is a kind of low temperature process and RbF is cheap.

Giant 2D Skyrmion Topological Hall Effect with Ultrawide Temperature Window and Low-Current Manipulation in 2D Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Crystals

The discovery and manipulation of topological Hall effect(THE),an abnormal magnetoelectric response mostly related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI),are promising for next-generation spintronic devices based on topological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions.However,most skyrmions and THE are stabilized in a narrow temperature window either below or over room temperature with high critical current manipulation.It is still elusive and challenging to achieve large THE with both wide temperature window till room temperature and low critical current manipulation.Here,using controllable,naturally oxidized sub-20 and sub-10 nm 2D van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnetic Fe_(3)GaTe_(2-x)crystals,we report robust 2D skyrmion THE with ultrawide temperature window ranging in three orders of magnitude from 2 to 300 K,in combination with giant THE of~5.4μΩ·cm at 10 K and~0.15μΩ·cm at 300 K,which is 1–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of all known room-temperature 2D skyrmion systems.Moreover,room-temperature current-controlled THE is also realized with a low critical current density of~6.2×10^(5)A·cm^(-2).First-principles calculations unveil natural oxidation-induced highly enhanced 2D interfacial DMI reasonable for robust giant THE.This work paves the way to room-temperature electrically controlled 2D THE-based practical spintronic devices.

Inhibitory role of peroxiredoxin 2 in LRRK2 kinase activity induced cellular pathogenesis

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease. One of the known genetic contributors to PD pathogenesis is leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2) whose mutations with elevated kinase activity could lead to both familial and sporadic PD. However, how the pathogenic kinase activity of LRRK2 is regulated remains largely unclear. Here we report that peroxiredoxin 2(Prx2) was identified as a novel interacting protein to LRRK2 with preferential expression in dopaminergic neurons over other Prx proteins. We also confirmed that Prx2 interacted with LRRK2 through its COR domain and its overexpression significantly decreased the kinase activity of mutant LRRK2. Functionally, overexpressed Prx2 rescued the transfected cells from LRRK2 mutant induced apoptotic processes. Importantly, overexpressed Prx2 reversed the altered subcellular distribution of cationindependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor(CI-M6 PR) induced by PD-mutant LRRK2. Our results suggest that,by interacting with LRRK2, Prx2 may play an inhibitory role in the LRRK2 mediated cellular toxicity in PD by inhibiting its kinase activity.

Design Optimization of a Novel Axial-radial Flux Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with SMC Cores and Ferrite Magnets

Soft magnetic composite(SMC)material is an ideal soft magnetic material employed for developing 3D magnetic flux electromagnetic equipment,due to its advantages of 3D magnetic isotropy characteristic,low eddy current loss,and simple manufacturing process.The permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM)with SMC cores is a good case that the SMC to be adopted for developing 3D flux electrical machines.In this paper,a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet claw pole machine(ARPMCPM)with SMC cores and ferrite magnets is proposed.Compared with the traditional PMCPM,the proposed ARPMCPM is designed with only one spoke PM rotor and its whole structure is quite compact.For the performance prediction,the 3D finite element method(FEM)is used.Meanwhile,for the performance evaluation,a previously developed axial flux claw pole permanent magnet machine(AFCPM)is employed as the benchmark machine and all these machines are optimized by using the combined multilevel robust Taguchi method.It can be seen that the proposed ARPMCPM is with higher torque/weight density and operation efficiency.

以病人安全为主线的鱼骨导引式手术护理流程设计

目的:为降低手术病人护理相关并发症和不良事件,提高病人安全性。方法:用思维导图编制了以病人安全为主线的手术护理流程图。结果:流程设置10大环节,每环节包括5~7项性质类似的节点。流程以病人安全为主线,结合手术护理相关管理制度、操作常规和指南,导引对疾病、麻醉和手术对机体影响的预警和可预防性医疗不良事件的防范措施实施。结论:流程能对手术病人风险和可预防性医疗不良事件双管齐下的防范,可提高病人的安全性和医疗质量。

某船应急发电机故障分析及处理

介绍了某船应急发电机在进行系泊试验过程中出现的异常情况,并以此为例阐述了应急发电机的工作原理以及注意事项。应急发电机组由60%额定负载突加至100%额定负载时,机组的频率上升至54Hz;在分级卸载至空载状态时,机组频率恢复正常,但是电压出现异常波动。经过勘查、分析和模拟测试,确定了问题产生的原因,采取相应处理措施。

Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

Cement is a widely used construction material globally.Its manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions significantly.However,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon sink.As a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon uptake.This study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in 2021.The uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land sink.The cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement industry.Notably,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the total.Therefore,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is enormous.Additionally,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality assessments.Thus,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

A dual-mode integration framework and application to agile feedback design of launch vehicles

In recent decades,the design of complex systems like launch vehicles in the aerospace industry has presented engineers with challenges that go beyond system complexity.Issues such as time-to-market pressures and intricate industrial processes have underscored the increasing significance of agile design methodologies.Agile design is derived from the simplification of the design process and enhancing cross-domain data transmission and feedback.While methods based on model-based system engineering have improved iteration times in system architecture design,challenges persist in cross-domain data transmission.Due to the diversity of complex system models and data,a single-mode integration method is difficult to realize the data link construction of all tools used.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dualmode data integration framework with expansibility,universality,and cost-efficiency which leverages the benefits of Remote Procedure Call and Intermediate Exchange Module,addressing the challenge of constructing cross-domain data links under single-mode integration.In this study,two critical requirements of the first-and second-stage separation systems,namely,weight and minimum separation gap,are selected for data feedback.A Modelica-based multiphysics simulation model is developed in MWorks;visualization and computation of the minimum gap are carried out in CoppeliaSim.To bridge the gap between domain-specific tools,Matlab and Functional Mock-up Unit modules are introduced as middleware,facilitating data feedback linkage.The entire simulation process is orchestrated using activity diagrams in the MagicDraw tool.The study delves into the influence of critical design parameters,such as the initial angular velocity of separation and the thrust of the retro rocket,on the minimum separation gap.It provides an analysis of minimum separation gap variations under uncertain operating conditions and examines design margins.Significantly,the paper highlights the significance of controlling the initial angular velocity during separation and the reliability of the retro rocket,providing essential decision supports and valuable insights to agile the process of system design.

One-year status of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement from 85 hospitals in China

Aims:Surveys and research on the applications of the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)are important for understanding the current status and future development of this technology in China.This article aimed to investigate the status of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in China in 2022.Methods:We investigated the overall status of HVPG technology in China-including hospital distribution,hospital level,annual number of cases,catheters used,average cost,indications,and current challenges by using online questionnaire.By counting the number and percentages of cases of these results,we hope to clarify the current status of HVPG measurements in China.Results:According to the survey,85 hospitals in China used HVPG technology in 2022 distributed across 29 provinces.A total of 4989 HVPG measurements were performed in all of the surveyed hospitals in 2022,of which 2813 cases(56.4%)were measured alone.The average cost of HVPG measurement was 5646.8±2327.9 CNY.Of the clinical teams who performed the measurements(sometimes multiple per hospital),94.3%(82/87)used the balloon method,and the majority of the teams(72.4%,63/87)used embolectomy catheters.Conclusions:This survey clarified the clinical application status of HVPG in China and confirmed that some medical institutions in China have established a foundation for this technology.It is still necessary to continue promoting and popularizing this technology in the future.

经心尖入径介入主动脉瓣联合二尖生物瓣毁损后替换术一例

患者女,75岁,11年前因"风湿性心脏病、二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全",于2010年行"二尖瓣生物瓣膜置换术",术后患者一般情况可,5个月前受凉后出现肺部感染伴有心力衰竭症状,心功能3~4级,在外院药物纠正心衰效果不明显,遂来我院就诊。

A scalable bio-inspired polydopamine-Cu ion interfacial layer for high-performance lithium metal anode

The growth of Li dendrites and the instability of the solid electrolyte in terphase(SEI)layer during plating/stripping has hin dered the practical applicati on of high-energy-density batteries based on a lithium metal anode.Building a stable interfacial layer is effective in preventing lithium corrosiion by the electrolyte and controlling the deposition of lithium metal.Here,we present a robust polydopamine-Cu ion(PDA-Cu^2+)coati ng layer formed by the aggregation of nanoparticles and Cu ions,which can be obtained by a subtle immersion strategy.We demonstrate that the PDA-Cu^2+ protective layer,with a unique structure comprising nanoparticles,can regulate and guide Li metal deposition,and together with Cu ions,forms a lubricating surface to facilitate uniform Li ion diffusion and induce stable SEI layer formation.Li anodes with this PDA-Cu^2+layer modification ultimately achieve higher Coulombic efficiencies,which are consistently stable for over 650 cycles at 0.5 mA·cm^-2 without Li dendrites.The introduced PDA-Cu^2+ coating can adhere to any material of any shape;addition ally,the operation can be realized on a large scale because of its simplicity.These merits provide a promising approach for developing stable and safe lithium metal batteries.

Efficient carrier transport via dual-function interfacial engineering using cesium iodide for high-performance perovskite solar cells based on NiOx hole transporting materials

As a famous hole transporting material, nickle oxide (NiOx) has drawn enormous attention due to its low cost and superior stability. However, the relatively low conductivity and high-density surface trap states of NiOx severely limit device performance in solar cell applications. Interfacial engineering is an efficient approach to achieve remarkable hole-transporting performance by surface passivation. Herein, the efficient NiOx hole transport layer was prepared by surface passivation engineering strategy via facile solution processes with cesium iodide (CsI). It is demonstrated that CsI plays a super-effective dual-function role in inverted solar cell device: On one hand, the presence of CsI hugely passivates the surface trap states at the NiOx/perovskite interface along with obviously improved conductivity by the incorporated Cs^(+);on the other hand, the ions immigration is significantly suppressed by the presence of I ion for high-quality perovskite films, resulting in a stable contact interface. The ameliorative interface leads to largely reduced carrier non-radiative recombination, attributing to boosted carrier extraction efficiency. As a result, decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.48% with a noticeable fill factor (FF) beyond 80% was achieved. This facile and efficient surface engineering approach with dual-function shows excellent potential for the design of high-performance functional interfacial modification layer to achieve high-performance solar cells.

定向控制介孔PbI_(2)支架制备效率达22.7%的钙钛矿太阳能电池

顺序沉积技术为钙钛矿薄膜的制造提供了一种有前途的策略.然而,PbI_(2)薄膜的高度结晶和致密形态会影响钙钛矿薄膜的质量和再现性.本文将烟酰胺(NTM)衍生物作为简单有效的多功能配体引入到PbI_(2)前体溶液中,获得了方向可控的介孔PbI_(2)支架,这源于强烈的化学相互作用和溶剂的加速挥发.本文还制备了位于钙钛矿薄膜晶界处并具有NTM衍生物的纳米带PbI_(2)晶体,其可以钝化缺陷并提高载流子寿命.基于6-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺(6-F-NTM)调制薄膜的钙钛矿太阳能电池的功率转换效率可提高到22.7%,在2000小时老化后,其功率转换效率为原始值的98.8%.本工作为调节PbI_(2)薄膜的结晶和控制过量的PbI_(2)结构以实现高效钙钛矿太阳能电池提供了新思路.