Analysis on the Movement of Slungshot and Impact Force

Slungshots can be induced by earthquake, causing heavy damage to people. Preliminary study of this problem was carried out. Firstly,?a mathematical model for describing the movement of slungshot was presented based on the theories of rigid body kinematics and aerodynamics. The effects of air drag and the rotation of rock were considered. Secondly, the trail of movement and the velocity were studied based on the presented model, taking the slungshot recorded in the 5.12 earthquake in the Yingxiu County as example. Thirdly, the impact force of the slungshot on the ground was studied. This study provides a reference for the forecast and prevention of the slungshot hazard.

Progress on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), commonly known as senile dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations of memory impairment, personality and behavior changes. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and inconclusive in the point of view of western medicine, which is the fundamental reason for the lack of drugs that can reverse the course of the disease. People have gradually shifted from simple amyloid hypothesis to new pathogenesis theories, such as gamma oscillation, prion like transmission, and so on. As an effective means to treat AD, traditional Chinese medicine has made some research progress in recent years. This article mainly reviews the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of AD, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of AD. Methods: Through systematic literature research, comparison and analysis, the main pathogenesis, influencing factors, progress and development tendency of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of AD are presented. Results: Alzheimer’s disease is a kind of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis and related targets of AD still need to be further explored. The main pathological phenomenon of AD is senile plaques formed by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid protein aggregation. Existing possible pathogenesis includes β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, tau protein hypothesis, cholinergic hypothesis and so on. As the pathogenesis of AD has not been clarified, so far no effective therapeutic drugs or means have been found. The traditional drugs used to treat AD mainly include acetylcholinesterase inhibitor kabbalatin, galantamine, donepezil, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. However, although these marketed drugs can slow down the course of the disease and alleviate symptoms, they cannot totally cure the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of personalized differentiation and treatment. The Western medicine can accurately determine the lesion location and target. Conclusions: Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and West medicine is the most promising direction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Progress on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of OCD, AD and Depression

Background: Obsessive-compulsive, anxiety disorder, and depression are the most common negative emotions. The incidence rate is high and spread across all age groups. With the rapid development of the world economy and the increasing competition in social life, the incidence rate has also increased rapidly, more and more young suffer from these three kinds of mental illnesses. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and therapeutic method. It is necessary to summarize the progress for references to further research and treatment. Method: Based on a series of literature, the studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic method of the three kinds of illnesses are summarized and analyzed. The points and results either of West medicine (WM) or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are collected and compared to find the best tendency of study and the best therapeutic method. Results: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and depression are common in recent years and severely affect people’s lives. In view of WM. These three kinds of illnesses are all related to the changes or damage of part of brain and nervous system. While TCM thinks that they are due to Qi stagnation or deficiency of heart Yin. Many methods of treatment have been presented and used clinically, but the effect is limited. Conclusion: The most promising and effective methods are those combining WM and TCM.

Classification of Oil-Gas-Water Three-Phase Flow in a Pipeline Based on BP Neural Network Analysis

The flow pattern in a pipeline is a very important topic in petroleum exploitation. This paper is to classify the flow pattern of oil-gas-water flow in a pipeline by using BP neural network. The effects of different parameter combinations are investigated to find the most important ones. It is shown that BP neural network can be used in the analysis of the flow pattern of three-phase flow in pipelines. In most cases, the mean square error is large for the horizontal pipes. The optimized neuron number of the middle layer changes with conditions. So, we must changes the neuron number of the middle layer in simulation for any conditions to seek the best results. These conclusions can be taken as references for further study of the flow pattern of oil-gas-water in a pipeline.

The Role of Structured Framework in Simulated Cardiac Emergency for Cardiothoracic Training

Background: Both technical and nontechnical skills are important factors in cardiac emergency incident. The effects of structured framework on these skills have not been thoroughly studied. We hypothesized that structured framework can improve the clinical performance and reduce errors to improve patients’ safety. Methodology: A total of 24 teams composed of cardiac residents, attending surgeons and ICU nurses performed simulated emergency incident tasks in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and tracheal intubation (TI) scenarios. Framework education was introduced to the assigned groups in two separate semesters. All the scenarios were recorded by video for further evaluation by cardiologist and emergency medicine specialist. Clinical performance, time consumption in simulated scenarios, correlation between framework training and nontechnical skills performance were assessed. Results: The average percentages of CPR completed in the Group 1 (G1) with framework education and the Group 2 (G2) were 85% (SEM: 6.20%) and 53% (SEM: 5.77%) respectively (P < 0.001). And the average percentages of TI completed in G2 with framework education was 87% (SEM: 3.96%), higher than G1 (50%, SEM: 5.64%) (P < 0.001). As for time consumption, the mean time to complete CPR in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P o complete TI in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P < 0.005). Further, there was a significant correlation between framework training and communication in simulated scenarios. Conclusion: The framework provides the whole procedure of the task to every participant. Structured framework education can improve nontechnical skills as well as technical skills of doctors and nurses. Further, researches should be conducted to evaluate the clinical performance and correlation between technical skills and nontechnical skills in cardiothoracic training.

The Usage of Triage Systems in Mass Casualty Incident of Developed Countries

Victims are usually overwhelmed by local medical system in an unexpected mass casualty incident (MCI). Triage systems originate from wartime necessity to achieve the greatest efficiency to the maximum number of victims. In peacetime, the triage systems are applied to allocate constrained medical resources for the victims in MCI. There are several kinds of triage systems in different countries, such as Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START), Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treatment and/or Transport (SALT), Sacco Triage Method (STM), Careflight triage and Triage Sieve (TS). The START system is widely used in developed countries, especially in USA. The SALT is formulated by a work group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) based on scientific data. STM is a triage algorithm designed for resource-constrained condition. Besides, the other triage systems show their power in managing the victims in MCI. However, the data of theses popular triage tools are mainly based on simulated tests, lacking of validity and reliability of triage systems. Therefore, the application, reliability, sensitivity and specificity of existing triage tools require to be validated in the real condition of MCI. Furthermore, due to the difference among triage tools used in different countries, international cooperation is demanded for a more highly organized mass-casualty medical response.

Organic Electrode Materials for Non-aqueous K-Ion Batteries

The demands for high-performance and low-cost batteries make K-ion batteries(KIBs) considered as promising supplements or alternatives for Li-ion batteries(LIBs). Nevertheless, there are only a small amount of conventional inorganic electrode materials that can be used in KIBs, due to the large radius of K^+ ions. Diff erently, organic electrode materials(OEMs) generally own sufficiently interstitial space and good structure flexibility, which can maintain superior performance in K-ion systems. Therefore, in recent years, more and more investigations have been focused on OEMs for KIBs. This review will comprehensively cover the researches on OEMs in KIBs in order to accelerate the research and development of KIBs. The reaction mechanism, electrochemical behavior, etc., of OEMs will all be summarized in detail and deeply. Emphasis is placed to overview the performance improvement strategies of OEMs and the characteristic superiority of OEMs in KIBs compared with LIBs and Na-ion batteries.

Entropy Number of Diagonal Operator

In this paper, the entropy number of diagonal operator is discussed. On the one hand, the order of entropy number of the finite dimensional diagonal operator Dm:? (1&#8804;q&#60;p&#8804;&#8734;) is estimated. On the other hand, the order of entropy number of a class of in finite dimensional diagonal operator D: lp&#8594;lq(1&#8804;q&#60;p&#8804;&#8734;) is estimated.

A highly effective incubation strategy enhanced the urban bird hatch success

Urbanization is currently considered one of the most rapid types of global environmental change.Urban habitats are biotically and abiotically different from their rural areas,i.e.,the ambient temperature,predator,and food availability.These novel challenges create new selection pressures,which allow one to investigate ecoevolutionary responses to contemporary environmental change.A total of 118 breeding nests were monitored for nest predation in both urban and rural areas from 2018 to 2020.We used environmental factors from urban and rural areas and behavioral data from 439 Chinese Blackbird(Turdus mandarinus)valid incubation days to understand the impact of urbanization on the incubation behavior of blackbirds and its adaptation mechanism to the urban environment.Cities have warmer ambient temperatures and lower predation pressures than rural areas.Urban blackbirds chose the incubation strategy with shorter and more bouts,while rural blackbirds selected the incubation strategy with longer and fewer bouts.The plasticity of incubation behavior of urban blackbirds was higher than that of rural areas,and the range of egg temperature was also higher than that of rural areas.In addition,incubation temperature and the number of bouts per day were the key factors affecting the day survival rate of blackbirds,and the hatching rate of urban blackbirds was higher than that of rural blackbirds.Our results provide evidence for behavioral shifts in blackbirds during adaptation to urbanization and support the central role of behavioral adaptation in the successful colonization of new environments by wildlife.These help us understand the behavioral characteristics required for wildlife to live in cities and the urban adaptors faced environmental pressures.

Medication Regularity of Ye Tianshi's Prescription in Treatment of Tinnitus Based on Ancient and Modern Consilia Cloud Platform

[Objectives]Through data mining and analysis,the medication characters and ideas of ye Tianshi,a famous physician in Qing Dynasty,in the treatment of tinnitus were explored,so as to provide reference for clinical tinnitus treatment.[Methods]The medical records of Ye Tianshi's treatment of tinnitus in the Ancient and Modern Consilia Cloud Platform were retrieved and sorted,and the use frequency,properties,metabolic organ and compatibility of related Chinese herbs in the cases were analyzed through system-integrated statistical analysis,cluster analysis,association rules analysis and complex network analysis.[Results]A total of 46 medical cases were finally included,with 15 frequently used Chinese herbs,including poria with hostwood,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,magnetitum,etc.Most of the drugs are cold and neutral in nature,sweet and bitter in taste,and metabolized in liver and heart.The results of cluster analysis show that the therapeutic drugs for tinnitus are mainly divided into four categories:strengthening spleen,nourishing yin,suppressing symptoms,and clearing heat.The results of association rules analysis show that the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine combination is composed of three herbs,poria with hostwood,Radix Ophiopogonis,and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,which have spleen-strengthening and stomach-tonifying effects.The results of complex network analysis show that the core prescription is based on Siwu Decoction.[Conclusions]In the treatment of tinnitus,Ye Tianshi paid attention to the three internal organs of heart,kidney and gallbladder,and made good use of lung qi-dispersing drugs to clear heat,sweet and cold drugs to tonify stomach and nourish yin,and tonic drugs to suppress symptoms.The core prescription is mainly composed of Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,oyster,poria with hostwood,Fructus Forsythiae,Radix Paeoniae Alba,antelope horn,magnetitum and Radix Asparagi.The commonly used single herbs are poria with hostwood,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and magnetitum.The combination of poria with hostwood,Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae is more common.

Advances on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common and high incidence disease in clinic, which has a certain impact on the work, life and social activities of patients. Modern medicine still lacks effective treatment methods for such diseases. In recent years, clinical cases of children and adolescents have also increased year by year. Objective: In order to provide references for further study and practical treatment on allergic rhinitis, this paper summarized the advances on the treatment of allergic rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Method (TCM) and Western Medicine Method (WMM) in clinical practice and study. Method: Through detailed review and study of literatures, the theory and clinical experiences in TCM, WMM, and integrated treatment of the two were analyzed and summarized. Conclusions: TCM conducts personalized treatment for patients by syndrome differentiation. The main means are to regulate the body’s health Qi and Yang Qi. Drugs, acupuncture, psychology and other means of treatment are all used and the effects of treatment are very well. WMM mainly relieves the infiltration of local inflammatory cells, expands local capillaries, improves nasal permeability and alleviates the occurrence of allergic graduation by using kinds of drugs or surgery. Though both TCM and WMM are effective and have some common characteristics and each has its own characteristics, the combination of TCM and WMM has a good prospect and is more effective and can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, because TCM is to change patients’ own constitution and the starting point of WMM is to eliminate the pathogen.

Predicting the Permeability of Fractured Porous Rock

Fractures are widely distributed in tight reservoirs. Fractures and pore-throats form the flow path of oil/gas/water in reservoirs. How to determine the permeability of fractured porous reservoirs is still difficult. A group of tight sandstone samples are first used to measure the fractures and analyze the distribution rules between numbers and length, angles. The permeability changing with the fracture’s length and density for different matrixes?is then computed by using pore-fracture network model. At last an empirical formula for predicting the permeability related with the fracture’s length and density is fitted based on the computed data.

Research progress on hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose and lignocellulosic waste

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic waste has attracted considerable attention because of its feasi- bility and the generation of valuable products. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment and hydrolysis are key processes for lignocellulose conversion. Hydrothermal process is a promising technique because of its efficiency to break down the lignocellulosic structures and produce fermentable hexoses. Most studies in this field have therefore focused on understanding these processes or optimizing the parameters, but commonly reported low yields of fermentable hexoses. The inability to produce high yields of fermentable hexoses is mainly attributed to inadequate information on the conversion mechanisms of lignocellulose, particularly the reaction rules of dissolu- tion, which is a limiting step in the entire conversion process. This paper critically reviewed the progress done in the research and development of the hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Principles, processes, and related studies on separate dissolution and asynchronous hydrolysis of lignin, hemieellulose, and cellulose are presented. Potential research prospects are also suggested.

Role of rural solid waste management in non-point source pollution control of Dianchi Lake catchments, China

In recent years,with control of the main muni-cipal and industrial point pollution sources and imple-mentation of cleaning for some inner pollution sources in the water body,the discharge of point source pollution decreased gradually,while non-point source pollution has become increasingly distressing in Dianchi Lake catch-ments.As one of the major targets in non-point source pollution control,an integrated solid waste controlling strategy combined with a technological solution and man-agement system was proposed and implemented based on the waste disposal situation and characteristics of rural solid waste in the demonstration area.As the key techno-logy in rural solid waste treatment,both centralized plant-scale composting and a dispersed farmer-operated waste treating system showed promise in rendering timely ben-efits in efficiency,large handling capacity,high quality of the end product,as well as good economic return.Problems encountered during multi-substrates co-com-posting such as pathogens,high moisture content,asyn-chronism in the decomposition of different substrates,and low quality of the end product can all be tackled.92.5% of solid waste was collected in the demonstration area,while the treating and recycling ratio reached 87.9%,which pre-vented 32.2 t nitrogen and 3.9 t phosphorus per year from entering the water body of Dianchi Lake after imple-mentation of the project.

MgO/Carbon nanocomposites synthesized in molten salts for catalytic isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous media

Isomerization of glucose into fructose has always been an important step in the biorefining process.This study synthesized a novel Mg-decorated carbonaceous catalyst by molten salt method for the application of glucose isomerization.The morphology of carbon microspheres was formed with high specific surface area and pore volume.The effects of Mg loading,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time were investigated and optimized.The highest fructose yield of 34.58%and fructose selectivity of 81.17%were achieved by the catalyst named Mg(100mg)/Carbon at hydrothermal temperature of 100℃ with reaction time of 1.5-2 h,showing the superiority of the catalyst.The results of recycling tests indicated Mg(100mg)/Carbon has good recyclability and can restore its activity after a simple regeneration.And the possible mechanism of glucose isomerization by Mg(100mg)/Carbon was indicated.This study provided a new method for overcoming the difficulty of high energy barrier required for glucose isomerization in the biorefining process.

Highly stable side-chain-type cardo poly(aryl ether ketone)s membranes for vanadium flow battery

Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)have drawn considerable attention as an emerging technology for largescale energy storage systems(ESSs).One of the pivotal challenges is the availability of eligible ion exchange membranes(ICMs)that provide high ion selectivity,proton conductivity,and stability under rigorous condition.Herein,a‘side-chain-type’strategy has been employed to fabricate highly stable phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether ketone)s(PAEKs)membrane with low area resistance(0.058Ωcm^(2)),in which flexible alkyl spacers effectively alleviated inductive withdrawing effect from terminal ion exchange groups thus enabling a stable backbone.The assembled VFBs based on PAEKs bearing pendent alkyl chain terminated with quaternary ammonium(Q-PPhEK)demonstrated an energy efficiency above 80%over 700 cycles at 160 mA/cm^(2).Such a remarkable results revealed that the side-chain-type strategy contributed to enhancing the ICMs stability in strong oxidizing environment,meanwhile,more interesting backbones would be woken with this design engaging in stable ICMs for VFBs.

A review on application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology on the abatement of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)released from the waste treatment facilities have become a significant issue because they are not only causing odor nuisance but may also hazard to human health.Non-thermal plasma(NTP)technologies are newly developed methods and became a research trend in recent years regarding the removal of VOCs from the air stream.Due to its unique characteristics,such as rapid response at room temperature,bulk homogenized volume,high reaction efficiency,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma technology is considered one of the most promising techniques of NTP.This paper reviews recent progress of DBD plasma technology for abatement of VOCs.The principle of plasma generation in DBD and its configurations(electrode,discharge gap,dielectric barrier material,etc.)are discussed in details.Based on previously published literature,attention has been paid on the effect of DBD configuration on the removal of VOCs.Effect of various process parameters such as initial concentration,gas feeding rate,oxygen content and input power on VOCs removal are also considered.Moreover,the role of catalysis and inhibitors in VOCs removal by DBD system are presented.Finally,a modified configuration of the DBD reactor,i.e.double dielectric barrier discharge(DDBD)for the abatement of VOCs is discussed.It was suggested that the DDBD plasma reactor could be used for higher conversion efficiency as well as for avoiding solid residue deposition on the electrode.These depositions can interfere with the performance of the reactor.

Adsorption of mixed cationic-nonionic surfactant and its effect on bentonite structure

The adsorption of cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant onto bentonite and its effect on bentonite structure were investigated. The objective was to improve the understanding of surfactant behavior on clay mineral for its possible use in remediation technologies of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic organic compounds. The cationic surfactant used was hexadecylpyridinium bromide （HDPB）, and the nonionic surfactant was Triton X-100 （TXl00）. Adsorption of TXl00 was enhanced significantly by the addition of HDPB, but this enhancement decreased with an increase in the fraction of the cationic surfactant. Part of HDPB was replaced by TXl00 which decreased the adsorption of HDPB. However, the total adsorbed amount of the mixed surfactant was still increased substantially, indicating the synergistic effect between the cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfaetant-modified bentonite was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses. Surfactant intercalation was found to decrease the bentonite specific surface area, pore volume, and surface roughness and irregularities, as calculated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The co-adsorption of the cationic and nonionic surfactants increased the ordering conformation of the adsorbed surfactants on bentonite, but decreased the thermal stability of the organobentonite system.

New molecular method to detect denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria from different environmental niches

The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation is an ecologically important process for reducing the potential methane emission into the atmosphere.The responsible bacterium for this process was Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera belonging to the bacterial phylum of NC10.In this study,a new pair of primers targeting all the five groups of NC10 bacteria was designed to amplify NC10 bacteria from different environmental niches.The results showed that the group A was the dominant NC10 phylum bacteria from the sludges and food waste digestate while in paddy soil samples,group A and group B had nearly the same proportion.Our results also indicated that NC10 bacteria could exist in a high p H environment（pH 9.24）from the food waste treatment facility.The Pearson relationship analysis showed that the p H had a significant positive relationship with the NC10 bacterial diversity（p0.05）.The redundancy analysis further revealed that the p H,volatile solid and nitrite nitrogen were the most important factors in shaping the NC10 bacterial structure（p=0.01）based on the variation inflation factors selection and Monte Carlo test（999 times）.Results of this study extended the existing molecular tools for studying the NC10 bacterial community structures and provided new information on the ecological distributions of NC10 bacteria.

VOCs released from municipal solid waste at the initial decomposition stage: Emission characteristics and an odor impact assessment

The nuisance from odor caused by municipal solid waste(MSW) is resulting in a growing number of public complaints and concerns. Odor pollution occurs in the initial decomposition stage of MSW, including waste collection, transportation and early pre-treatment. Furthermore, decomposition takes place in waste facilities that are often close to living areas, which can result in odor impacts on local inhabitants. However, this aspect of odor impact from MSW has not been well studied. In the current study, lab-scale waste cells were designed to simulate MSW storage conditions in the early stage. The characteristics of VOCs emissions with different waste compositions were analyzed. The odor concentration( CO, non-dimensional) method and odor intensity were used for the assessment of odor. Ethanol was the substance with highest emission rate. The release rate of VOCs increased with the growth easily biodegradable waste(EBW). VOCs emissions was reduced by 25% when the proportion of EBW decreased from 60% to 45%. Methyl sulfide, ethanol, dimethyl disulfide and ethyl acetate were identified as typical odorants. The EBW proportion in waste is the main factor significantly influencing odor pollution. The CO was 244.51 for the 60% EBW condition, which was only 61.46 for 15% EBW condition. These study results provide important information for the implementation of a garbage sorting policy and the monitoring of odor pollution from waste management.