Cloning of sft-4 and its influence on vitality and virulence of pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

In our previous screening of the transcriptome of the causal agent of the devastating pine wilt disease,pine wood nematode(PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus),after treatment with the nematicide fomepizole,Surfeit locus gene sft-4,which encodes a regulatory factor,was found to be downregulated.In situ hybridization results showed that the sft-4 was continuously expressed from egg to adult and was especially high in the reproductive system.Here in a study of the effect of RNA interference(RNAi)of sft-4 and recombinant SFT-4 on PWN activity,treatment with sft-4 dsRNA inhibited feeding,reproduction,oviposition and egg hatching of PWN with the greatest inhibition on reproduction and oviposition,whereas recombinant SFT-4 had the opposite effect.In addition,RNAi of sft-4 changed the female–male ratio and lifespan of PWN.In bioassays of PWNs,with RNAi of sft-4 on seedlings and 2-year-old Pinus thunbergii trees,none of the treated plants developed symp-toms during the monitoring period,indicating that virulence of PWNs was either significantly weakened.These results indicate that the influence of sft-4 on PWN pathogenicity may be mainly through regulating reproductive function of PWN and its lifespan.

Ka-Band metalens antenna empowered by physics-assisted particle swarm optimization(PA-PSO)algorithm

Design of multiple-feed lens antennas requires multivariate and multi-objective optimization processes,which can be accelerated by PSO algorithms.However,the PSO algorithm often fails to achieve optimal results with limited computation resources since spaces of candidate solutions are quite large for lens antenna designs.This paper presents a design paradigm for multiple-feed lens antennas based on a physics-assisted particle swarm optimization(PA-PSO)algorithm,which guides the swarm of particles based on laws of physics.As a proof of concept,a design of compact metalens antenna is proposed,which measures unprecedented performances,such as a field of view at±55°,a 21.7 dBi gain with a flatness within 4 dB,a 3-dB bandwidth>12°,and a compact design with a f-number of 0.2.The proposed PA-PSO algorithm reaches the optimal results 6 times faster than the ordinary PSO algorithm,which endows promising applications in the multivariate and multi-objective optimization processes,including but not limited to metalens antenna designs.

Promoting operating voltage to 2.3 V by a superconcentrated aqueous electrolyte in carbon-based supercapacitor

Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have attracted more and more attention for their safety,fast charge/discharge capability and ultra-long life.However,the application of aqueous SCs is limited by the low working voltage due to the narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)of wate r.Herein,we report a new"water in salt"(WIS)electrolyte by dissolving potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide(KFSI)in water with an ultra-high mass molar concentration of 37 mol/kg.The highly concentrated electrolyte can achieve a wide ESW of 2.8 V.The WIS electrolyte enables a safe carbon-based symmetrical supercapacitor to operate stably at 2.3 V with an ultra-long cycle life and excellent rate performance.The energy density reaches 20.5 Wh/kg at 2300 W/kg,and the capacity retention is 83.5%after 50,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g.This new electrolyte will be a promising candidate for future high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors.

Spatially resolved expression landscape and generegulatory network of human gastric corpus epithelium

Molecular knowledge of human gastric corpus epithelium remains incomplete.Here,by integrated analyses using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),spatial transcriptomics,and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing(scATAC-seq)techniques,we uncovered the spatially resolved expression landscape and gene-regulatory network of human gastric corpus epithelium.Specifically,we identified a stem/progenitor cell population in the isthmus of human gastric corpus,where EGF and WNT signaling pathways were activated.Meanwhile,LGR4,but not LGR5,was responsible for the activation of WNT signaling pathway.Importantly,FABP5 and NME1 were identified and validated as crucial for both normal gastric stem/progenitor cells and gastric cancer cells.Finally,we explored the epigenetic regulation of critical genes for gastric corpus epithelium at chromatin state level,and identified several important cell-type-specific transcription factors.In summary,our work provides novel insights to systematically understand the cellular diversity and homeostasis of human gastric corpus epithelium in vivo.

纤维蛋白原治疗创伤性凝血病有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价纤维蛋白原(FG)治疗创伤性凝血病(TIC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国知网数据库自建库至2023年4月关于FG治疗TIC的随机对照试验(RCT)。对照组给予浓缩红细胞(PRBC)、新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)、氨甲环酸、积极补液等常规治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予人FG浓缩物静脉输注治疗。由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇RCT,包括568例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者的PRBC输注量[标准均数差(SMD)=-0.98,95%置信区间(CI)(-1.89,-0.07),Z=2.10,P=0.04]和FFP输注量[SMD=-1.69,95%CI(-3.18,-0.21),Z=2.23,P=0.03]均显著少于对照组,并且试验组患者的住院时间[SMD=-0.84,95%CI(-1.15,-0.52),Z=5.22,P<0.00001]和ICU住院时间[SMD=-0.71,95%CI(-1.01,-0.40),Z=4.59,P<0.00001]较对照组均显著缩短。同时,试验组与对照组患者间病死率[相对危险度(RR)=0.63,95%CI(0.29,1.38),Z=1.15,P=0.25]及血栓栓塞事件发生率[RR=1.35,95%CI(0.53,3.40),Z=0.63,P=0.53]比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论补充FG不能降低TIC患者的病死率,但可以减少输血治疗需求和缩短住院时间。