Filtration performance and modeling of granular bed for dust removal from coal pyrolytic vapors

Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process.In this work,a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and integrated into a 10 t·d^(–1)coal pyrolysis facility.The testing results showed that around 97.56%dust collection efficiency was achieved.As a result,dust content in tar was significantly lowered.The pressure drop of the granular bed maintained in the range of 356 Pa to 489 Pa.The dust size in the effluent after filtration exhibited a bimodal distribution,which was attributed to the heterogeneity of the dust components.The effects of filtration bed on pyrolytic product yields were also discussed.A modified filtration model based on the macroscopic phenomenological theory was proposed to describe the performance of the granular bed.The computation results were well agreed with the experimental data.

Characterization of local chemical ordering and deformation behavior in high entropy alloys by transmission electron microscopy

Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied locations.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex alloys.In this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of HEAs.By using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was clarified.Moreover,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.

全无机钙钛矿量子点的疏水改性及LED应用——推荐一个本科生综合化学实验

介绍一个综合化学实验——全无机钙钛矿量子点的疏水改性及LED应用。我们以三甲基氯硅烷和莫来石纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶的疏水性和韧性,获得疏水SiO_(2)气凝胶,随后以该疏水SiO_(2)气凝胶吸附全无机钙钛矿量子点形成CsPbX_(3)@SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料。通过接触角、红外光谱、X射线衍射等表征手段证实SiO_(2)气凝胶的成功改性,并制作了LED器件。本实验涉及材料的合成、表征和应用,可作为化学和应用化学专业学生的综合化学实验,有助于提高学生的科学素养,激发对科学研究的兴趣。

Study on mass transfer of ethyl acetate in polymer adsorbent by experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves

A new polymeric adsorbent with highly hypercrosslinked structure was developed for the removal of VOCs from polluted air. The purpose of this work is to obtain the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent particles. Adsorption experiments for obtaining breakthrough curves were carried out with a fixed bed system. A dynamic mathematical model for the fixed bed adsorption system was developed.By model fitting, the overall mass transfer coefficient was determined when the deviation error was minimum. Then, the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent was determined when the external mass transfer resistance was eliminated at higher velocities. Furthermore, a linear relationship of the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient and equilibrium coefficient at lower inlet gas concentrations range was correlated. Moreover, an equation for predicting external mass transfer coefficient at low Reynolds number range at room temperature was obtained.

Desorption of VOC from polymer adsorbent in multistage fluidized bed

The desorption process of volatile organic compounds(VOC)from a polymer adsorbent in counter-current multistage fluidized bed was studied.And a mathematical model considering the mass transfer dynamics was developed,which was validated from experiment data.The gaseous ethyl acetate mass transfer was discussed,and the limiting step is the intraparticle mass transfer of the desorption process.The value of intraparticle mass transfer coefficient is between 1.85×10-6 and 1.38×10-5 m·s-1 under temperature of 100–160°C.Experiments under different operating conditions were carried out.The effects of operating conditions such as gas–solid flow ratio,gas inlet temperature and total stage number of multistage fluidized bed on outlet VOCs concentration and desorption efficiency were discussed.The maximum outlet VOCs concentration and corresponding desorption efficiency of the multistage fluidized bed desorber was calculated under different gas inlet temperatures and total stage numbers.

低阶煤热解多联产与混合发电系统

中国煤资源中80%以上属于中高挥发分的低阶煤.将煤炭进行热解分级,液体产物可转化为化学品和燃料油,气体产物可作为燃气或转化为天然气使用,固体半焦是洁净的固体燃料.中国科学院过程工程研究所自1999年开始对煤热解分级高效利用技术的基础理论、工艺和设备放大等方面进行了系统研究,并在廊坊中试基地建立了煤处理量为10t/d的煤热解燃烧中试平台.采用该实验装置对多种低阶煤进行热解,结果表明,在燃用半焦的同时焦油产率为煤干重的6%-10%,热解煤气产率为煤干重的8%-12%.介绍了过程所煤热解分级混合发电系统,并对该系统在燃煤发电厂的应用进行了技术经济分析.

混配组分对基于KH2PO4/Al2O3催化剂的酚油醚化的影响（英文）

以KH2PO4/Al2O3为催化剂,针对以甲醇为烷基化试剂的酚油醚化体系,研究了5种混配组分(乙酸、甲酸、丙酮、呋喃、乙酸乙酯)对酚油醚化反应规律的影响。结果表明,丙酮对促进烷基酚转化为芳醚的作用效果最强。基于丙酮混配组分,500℃下探究了丙酮质量配比的影响,基于最佳丙酮添加量(50wt%),进一步考察了温度对反应体系的影响,并进行机理分析。结果表明,丙酮含量不高于70wt%时,液体收率随丙酮含量升高而降低,进一步提高丙酮含量时液体收率基本稳定。各丙酮含量下,液体产物中均未检出邻甲氧基苯酚或其它任何烷氧基酚。较高丙酮含量时烷基酚含量显著降低。丙酮含量为50wt%时,芳醚含量出现极大值(29.06area%),进一步提高丙酮含量,芳烃及其它组分显著增加,导致产物中芳醚含量降低。随反应温度升高,产物中的芳醚和芳烃含量分别在500和450℃时出现极大值。综合考虑液体收率和产物极性两方面因素,确定该反应体系的最佳反应温度为450℃,丙酮添加量为50wt%,最佳条件下产物中芳醚与芳烃总量达52.90area%。丙酮分子中的羰基与酚系物中的羟基发生作用,分解产生CO2,同时烷基酚与烷氧基酚脱羟基后分别得到芳烃和芳醚两类主要液相产物。

Improving plasticity of the Zr46Cu46Al8 bulk metallic glass via thermal rejuvenation

In this paper, effects of cryogenic thermal cycling on deformation behavior and thermal stability of the Zr46Cu46AI8 bulk metallic glass （BMG） were studied. The results show that with the increase of the number of cryogenic thermal cycles （CTC）, thermal stability remains almost unchanged, while the plasticity is increased, indicating that the cryogenic thermal cyclic treatment is an effective way to improve plasticity of metallic glasses without distinctly deteriorating thermal stability. Our analysis suggests that the increase in the defect density resulted from the cryogenic thermal treatments are responsible for the plasticity increment. Variation of yield strength can be well interpreted from microstructural percolation which affected by both density and characteristic volume of the defect sites.

一种低密度耐高温高比强度多层次结构双相高熵合金

本文研究了一种新型低密度(~6.24 g cm^(-3))双相AlTiVCoNi高熵合金,其组织结构由有序L21高熵金属间化合物、无序体心立方结构和纳米L21相多层次结构构成.该合金在1200℃+24 h热处理下未发生相结构转变,在此条件下具有优异的高温相结构稳定性,其铸态和热处理态的压缩屈服强度相当,达到~1.6 GPa.另外,该合金在室温和600℃条件下表现出了优异的强塑性匹配和优异的比屈服强度,分别达到了约261和210 MPa g^(-1)cm^(3).该合金的超高强度主要源于有序L21相与体心立方相的半共格界面导致的一种强相结构稳定性和多层次结构的复合强化机制.该合金在800和1000℃压缩过程中出现了动态再结晶软化,使得其高温强度有所降低.这种“具有半共格界面L21+体心立方+纳米L21颗粒”的多层次结构设计为开发新型低密度耐高温高熵合金提供了一种新设计思路.

Simulation of fine polydisperse particle condensational growth under an octadecane-nitrogen atmosphere

The evolution of particle size distribution （PSD） of fine polydisperse particles at high number concen- trations （7105 cm-3） was simulated through a combined model employing direct quadrature method of moments （DQMOM） with heat and mass transfer equations. The PSD was assumed to retain log-normal distribution during the heterogeneous condensation process. The model was first verified by exact solu- tion and experimental data prior to investigating the influence of initial conditions on final PSD under an octadecane-nitrogen atmosphere. Low particle number concentrations and high vapor concentrations were beneficial to shift the PSD to larger particles having a narrower distribution. Additionally, vapor depletion has more influence on the final PSD than the heat release parameter for a number concentra- tion of 10^6 cm^-3. This study may assist the design process of a gas-solid separating cyclone, to eliminate dust from high-temperature volatiles by pyrolysis of solid fuels.

The innate interfacial elastic strain field of a transformable B2 precipitate embedded in an amorphous matrix

When a transformable B2 precipitate is embedded in an amorphous matrix,it is often experimentally observed that the crystalline-amorphous interface not only serves as an initiation site for the martensitic transformation due to local stress concentrations,but also as an inhibitor to stabilize the transformation,the latter being attributed to the“confinement effect”exerted by the amorphous matrix,according to the Eshelby solution.These two seemingly incongruous factors are examined in this study using molecular dynamics simulations from an atomic interaction perspective.An innate strain gradient in the vicinity of the crystalline-amorphous interface is identified.The actual interface,the compressive/dilatative transition,and the interfacial maximum strain are investigated to differentiate from the conventional“interface”located within a distance of a few nanometers.Our innate interfacial elastic strain field model is applicable for the design of materials with a higher degree of martensitic transformation and controllable stress concentration,even in cryogenic environments.