Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Power Minimization for RIS-Assisted MISO-OFDM Systems

In this paper,we investigate the downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)transmission system assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs).Considering multiple antennas at the base station(BS)and multiple single-antenna users,the joint optimization of precoder at the BS and the phase shift design at the RIS is studied to minimize the transmit power under the constraint of the certain quality-of-service.A deep reinforcement learning(DRL)based algorithm is proposed,in which maximum ratio transmission(MRT)precoding is utilized at the BS and the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)method is utilized for RIS phase shift optimization.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed DRL based algorithm can achieve a transmit power almost the same with the lower bound achieved by manifold optimization(MO)algorithm while has much less computation delay.

Delivery of public health services by community health workers(CHWs)in primary health care settings in China:a systematic review(1996–2016)

Background:Community Health Workers(CHWs)have been widely used in response to the shortage of skilled health workers especially in resource limited areas.China has a long history of involving CHWs in public health intervention project.CHWs in China called village doctors who have both treatment and public health responsibilities.This systematic review aimed to identify the types of public health services provided by CHWs and summarized potential barriers and facilitating factors in the delivery of these services.Methods:We searched studies published in Chinese or English,on Medline,PubMed,Cochrane,Google Scholar,and CNKI for public health services delivered by CHWs in China,during 1996-2016.The role of CHWs,training for CHWs,challenges,and facilitating factors were extracted from reviewed studies.Results:Guided by National Basic Public Health Service Standards,services provided by CHW covered five major areas of noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)including diabetes and/or hypertension,cancer,mental health,cardiovascular diseases,and common NCD risk factors,as well as general services including reproductive health,tuberculosis,child health,vaccination,and other services.Not many studies investigated the barriers and facilitating factors of their programs,and none reported cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Barriers challenging the sustainability of the CHWs led projects were transportation,nature of official support,quantity and quality of CHWs,training of CHWs,incentives for CHWs,and maintaining a good rapport between CHWs and target population.Facilitating factors included positive official support,integration with the existing health system,financial support,considering CHW’s perspectives,and technology support.Conclusion:CHWs appear to frequently engage in implementing diverse public health intervention programs in China.Facilitators and barriers identified are comparable to those identified in high income countries.Future CHWs-led programs should consider incorporating the common barriers and facilitators identified in the current study to maximize the benefits of these programs.

Dendrocalamus latiflorus and its component rutin exhibit glucose-lowering activities by inhibiting hepatic glucose production via AKT activation

The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo(Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract(DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways.Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase(G6 PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1(PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor(IGF1 R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.

Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of anti-COVID-19 TCM formulae by multiple virus-related pathways

Dear Editor,The coronavirus infectious disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak is seriously endangering human health.Most patients with severe COVID-19 are characterized by sustained cytokine production and hyper-inflammation,which is known as cytokine storm syndrome.1-3 Elaborating the anti-inflammatory response is crucial to these patients,and interieukin-6(IL6)inhibitors and steroids have been recommended in clinical practice.1 However,after the cytokine storm phase,the host immune response to sepsis may develop into a protracted immunosuppressive phase.

Petrogenesis of the Payangazu Complex in Southern Mandalay, Central Myanmar and Its Tectonic Implications

The Payangazu complex in the central Myanmar is composed mainly of quartz diorite,granodiorite,and some synplutonic mafic dikes.The quartz diorite and granodiorite have zircon U-Pb ages of 130.5±4.0(MSWD=3.5)and 118.4±2.5 Ma(MSWD=2.4),respectively.Rock samples of the quartz diorite and granodiorite are metaluminous,enriched in large-ion lithophile elements like LREE,Rb,Th,and U,and depleted in high field-strength elements such as HREE,Nb,Ta,P,and Ti,indicative of arc-type magmatic affinities.Whole rock samples of the quartz diorite haveε_(Hf)(t)value of+0.6,initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.708 6 to 0.710 0,andε_(Nd)(t)values of-4.8 to-4.9;whereas rocks of the granodiorite are relatively isotopically enriched,withε_(Hf)(t)values of-5.1 to-7.2,initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.711 7 to 0.711 8,andε_(Nd)(t)values of-8.7 to-8.8.The isotopic data together with the high Mg~#(both the quartz diorite and granodiorite have Mg~#values of>40)suggest a strong involvement of mantle materials in the genesis of the parent magmas.The possible petrogenetic process may be that the ascending of melts from partial melting of metasomatized mantle wedge triggered by dehydration of subducted slab resulted in partial melting of the lower crust and mixed with the latter.These Early Cretaceous intrusions from the complex are older than those found in the eastern Wuntho-Popa arc in western Myanmar,eastern Himalaya,and western Yunnan which are interpreted to be related to the Neo-Tethyan subduction,and haveε_(Nd)(t),ε_(Hf)(t)values lower than the latter.On the contrary,the ages and geochemical characteristics of the Payangazu complex are consistent with some of the intrusions in the northern magmatic belt in Tibet,eastern Himalaya,and western Yunnan which are believed to be associated with the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean crust.Thus,we propose that the Early Cretaceous intrusions in the central Myanmar are most likely related to the southward subduction of an ocean slab that was possibly an extension of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean.

Pay-it-forward gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among men who have sex with men in China:a study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

Background:Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing rates are poor among Chinese men who have sex with men(MSM).A quasi-experimental study suggested that a pay-it-forward strategy increased dual gonorrhea/chlamydia testing among MSM.Pay-it-forward offers an individual a gift(e.g.,a free test)and then asks the same person if they would like to give a gift to another person.This article reports the protocol of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate dual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake and other outcomes among MSM in three arms-a pay-it-forward arm,a pay-what-you-want arm,and a standard of care arm.Methods:Three hundred MSM will be recruited at three HIV testing sites in Guangzhou and Beijing.Testing sites include two hospital-based MSM sexually transmitted diseases clinics and one MSM community-based organization.Eligible participants will be born biologically male,aged 16 years or older,reporting previous anal sex with another man,having never participated in the pay-it-forward program,without previous gonorrhea and chlamydia testing in the past 12 months,and residing in China.Following a cluster randomized design,every cluster of ten participants will be randomly allocated into one of three arms:(1)a pay-it-forward arm in which men are offered free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and then asked whether they would like to donate("pay it forward")toward testing for future testers;(2)a pay-what-you-want arm in which men are offered free testing and told to decide how much to pay after receiving the test;(3)a standard of care arm in which men can pay the full price for dual gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing.The primary outcome is dual gonorrhoea/chlamydia testing as verified by administrative records.Secondary outcomes include incremental cost per test,incremental cost per diagnosis,community connectedness,and social cohesion.Primary outcome will be calculated for each arm using intention-to-treat and compared using one-sided 95%confidence intervals with a margin of 20%increase defined as superiority.Discussion:This study will examine the pay-it-forward strategy in comparison to the standard of care in improving test uptake for gonorrhea and chlamydia.We will leverage the cluster randomized controlled trial to provide scientific evidence on the potential effect of pay-it-forward.Findings from this study will shed light on novel intervention methods for increasing preventive health service utilization and innovate ways to finance it among communities.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03741725.Registered on 12 November 2018.

Identification of an Early–Middle Jurassic oxidized magmatic belt,south Gangdese,Tibet,and geological implications

The south Gangdese region is the site of subduction of the Neo-Tethys and subsequent continental col- lision. Compared with widespread Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatism, Early-Middle Jurassic magmatic rocks and related deposits are rarely reported, Our work identified a 〉200 km long felsic rock belt asso- ciated with Cu mineralization in the south Gangdese region. We report here zircon U-Pb ages, zircon Ce4＋/Ce3＋ values, and mineral assemblages of two Cu mineralized intrusions within the belt. A horn- blende granite and a diorite porphyry were emplaced at 177.3Ma and 166.3Ma, respectively. Geological occurrence and magmatic hematite-magnetite-chalcopyrite intergrowths suggest that Cu mineralization formed coeval with Jurassic intrusions. Mineralized intrusions have high zircon Ce4＋/ Ce3＋ and EuN/EuN ratios, and hematite-magnetite intergrowths, suggesting their parent magmas were highly oxidized, Hornblende is common and primary fluid inclusions are found in titanite and apatite, indicating their parent magmas were water-saturated and exsotved volatile phases at early stage of rnag- matic evolution. Those magma characters contribute to the formation of porphyry Cu deposits. Given that majority subduction-related porphyry Cu systems have been eroded following uplift and denudation, the well-preserved Early-Middle Jurassic cu mineralized igneous rocks in south Gangdese are favorable prospecting targets for subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits.

A case of Gitelman syndrome with homozygous SLC12A3 deletion presenting with epilepsy

Background Gitelman syndrome(GS)is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,hypomagnesemia,and hypocalciuria.Case presentation We report a rare case of GS with homozygous loss of SLC12A3 presenting with epilepsy.The patient was a 21-year-old female who sought medical attention for seizures.Her condition primarily manifested as epilepsy,diarrhea,and weakness of limbs.Through genetic analysis,we confirmed the diagnosis of this case and formulated a comprehensive approach for its management.Conclusions This case report extends the clinical symptoms of GS and provides a complete family of GS as a reference for subsequent studies.

The impact of serum copper on the risk of epilepsy:a mendelian randomization study

Background The relationship between serum copper and epilepsy has been elucidated in observational studies.In this study,we aimed to explore the causal relationship between serum copper and epilepsy using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with serum copper were used as instrumental variables for MR analysis to evaluate their causal effects on epilepsy.The main MR results were obtained by using the inverse variance weighting(IVW)method,supplemented by weighted median and MR-Egger regression.In addition,sensitivity analyses such as Cochran’s Q test and pleiotropy test were used to assess these SNPs on epilepsy in terms of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.Results The IVW method revealed that the serum copper was associated with an increased risk of generalized epilepsy(OR=1.07;95%CI 1.01-1.14;P=0.032),and the sensitivity analysis further supports the robustness of the results.Conclusions The current study reveals a possible causal role for serum copper in increasing the risk of generalized epilepsy,which provide guidance for identifying potential risk factors for epilepsy.