Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to...Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to provide reversible and fast color changes under applied voltage.With the rapid development and increasing demand for flexible electronics,flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)that offer smarter and more controllable light modulation hold great promise for practical applications.The electrochromic material(ECM)undergoing color changes during the electrochemical reactions is one of the key components in electrochromic devices.Among the ECMs,viologens,a family of organic small molecules with 1,1'-disubstituted-4,4'-dipyridinium salts,have garnered extensive research interest,due to their well-reversible redox reactions,excellent electron acceptance ability,and the ability to produce multiple colors.Notably,viologen-based FECDs demonstrate color changes in the liquid or semisolid electrolyte layer,eliminating the need for two solid electrodes and thus simplifying the device structure.Consequently,viologens offer significant potential for the development of FECDs with high optical contrast,fast response speed,and excellent stability.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and perspectives of viologen-based FECDs.It begins by summarizing the typical structure and recent exciting developments in viologen-based FECDs,along with their advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in FECDs with additional functionalities such as sensing,photochromism,and energy storage.Finally,the remaining challenges and potential research directions for the future of viologen-based FECDs are addressed.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a major renal disease characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function.After AKI,the kidney has the ability to repair,but if the initial injury is severe the repair may be incomplete or...Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a major renal disease characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function.After AKI,the kidney has the ability to repair,but if the initial injury is severe the repair may be incomplete or maladaptive and result in chronic kidney problems.Autophagy is a highly conserved pathway to deliver intracellular contents to lysosomes for degradation.Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining renal function and is involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases.Autophagy is activated in various forms of AKI and acts as a defense mechanism against kidney cell injury and death.After AKI,autophagy is maintained at a relatively high level in kidney tubule cells during maladaptive kidney repair but the role of autophagy in maladaptive kidney repair has been controversial.Nonetheless,recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy may contribute to maladaptive kidney repair after AKI by inducing tubular degeneration and promoting a profibrotic phenotype in renal tubule cells.In this review,we analyze the role and regulation of autophagy in kidney injury and repair and discuss the therapeutic strategies by targeting autophagy.展开更多
In this paper,the efect of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as an additive on the structure and properties of poly(m-phenylene dimethylene terephthalamide)(PMIA)fbers obtained by wet spinning was investigated.The tensile stre...In this paper,the efect of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as an additive on the structure and properties of poly(m-phenylene dimethylene terephthalamide)(PMIA)fbers obtained by wet spinning was investigated.The tensile strength of the composite fbers was substantially enhanced compared to the pure PMIA fber.This was due to the fact that the addition of PEO weakens the hydrogen bonding between PMIA molecular chains resulting in an improved orientation of the composite fbers.It was found that the optimum PEO addition was 2%and the tensile strength of the composite fber was 4.74 cN/dtex,which was 76%higher compared to the pure PMIA fber.However,the heat resistance and fame retardancy of the composite fbers were basically unchanged compared to the pure PMIA fber.The modifcation method is simple,with low raw material cost and good stability,and has not only good academic value but also excellent industrial value.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20210603)+1 种基金the Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for overseas Students(NJKCZYZZ2022–05)the Start-up Funding from NUPTSF(NY221003)。
文摘Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to provide reversible and fast color changes under applied voltage.With the rapid development and increasing demand for flexible electronics,flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)that offer smarter and more controllable light modulation hold great promise for practical applications.The electrochromic material(ECM)undergoing color changes during the electrochemical reactions is one of the key components in electrochromic devices.Among the ECMs,viologens,a family of organic small molecules with 1,1'-disubstituted-4,4'-dipyridinium salts,have garnered extensive research interest,due to their well-reversible redox reactions,excellent electron acceptance ability,and the ability to produce multiple colors.Notably,viologen-based FECDs demonstrate color changes in the liquid or semisolid electrolyte layer,eliminating the need for two solid electrodes and thus simplifying the device structure.Consequently,viologens offer significant potential for the development of FECDs with high optical contrast,fast response speed,and excellent stability.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and perspectives of viologen-based FECDs.It begins by summarizing the typical structure and recent exciting developments in viologen-based FECDs,along with their advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in FECDs with additional functionalities such as sensing,photochromism,and energy storage.Finally,the remaining challenges and potential research directions for the future of viologen-based FECDs are addressed.
基金supported partly by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81720108008,82090024)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2005000).
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a major renal disease characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function.After AKI,the kidney has the ability to repair,but if the initial injury is severe the repair may be incomplete or maladaptive and result in chronic kidney problems.Autophagy is a highly conserved pathway to deliver intracellular contents to lysosomes for degradation.Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining renal function and is involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases.Autophagy is activated in various forms of AKI and acts as a defense mechanism against kidney cell injury and death.After AKI,autophagy is maintained at a relatively high level in kidney tubule cells during maladaptive kidney repair but the role of autophagy in maladaptive kidney repair has been controversial.Nonetheless,recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy may contribute to maladaptive kidney repair after AKI by inducing tubular degeneration and promoting a profibrotic phenotype in renal tubule cells.In this review,we analyze the role and regulation of autophagy in kidney injury and repair and discuss the therapeutic strategies by targeting autophagy.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51473031).
文摘In this paper,the efect of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as an additive on the structure and properties of poly(m-phenylene dimethylene terephthalamide)(PMIA)fbers obtained by wet spinning was investigated.The tensile strength of the composite fbers was substantially enhanced compared to the pure PMIA fber.This was due to the fact that the addition of PEO weakens the hydrogen bonding between PMIA molecular chains resulting in an improved orientation of the composite fbers.It was found that the optimum PEO addition was 2%and the tensile strength of the composite fber was 4.74 cN/dtex,which was 76%higher compared to the pure PMIA fber.However,the heat resistance and fame retardancy of the composite fbers were basically unchanged compared to the pure PMIA fber.The modifcation method is simple,with low raw material cost and good stability,and has not only good academic value but also excellent industrial value.
