Inactivated H9N2 vaccines developed with early strains do not protect against recent H9N2 viruses:Call for a change in H9N2 control policy

H9N2 virus has been widely distributed in wild birds and poultry around the world since its first emergence in the United States of America in 1966(Gu et al.2017;Carnaccini and Perez 2020).The virus appeared in chickens in China in the early 1990s,and over the last two decades has gradually become the dominant epidemic subtype(Sun and Liu 2015;Bi et al.2020).Although H9N2 virus infection alone cannot cause severe disease or death in poultry,H9N2 virus-infected birds experience a degree of egg production drop and can be easily infected by other pathogens,thus causing economic losses for poultry industry.

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide on Antioxidative Ability of Rats with Myocardial Injury Induced by Doxorubicin

Objective: The objective is to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) on the oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in cardiomyocytes. Methods: SD rats were divided into control group, DOX group, GLPS low dose and high dose + DOX group. SOD and MDA levels in myocardial tissue were detected in each group. The expression of related proteins in each group was detected by Western blot. Results: GLPS can increase the SOD level and decrease MDA caused by DOX (p Conclusion: Ganoderma polysaccharide can improve the oxidative stress injury of myocardial tissue induced by doxorubicin and play a protective role in myocardial tissue.

Study on linear bio-structure print process based on alginate bio-ink in 3D bio-fabrication

Ink-jet printing is a non-impact printing technology in which drops jetted from an orifice onto a designated position.This technology can digitally transport fluids containing cells precisely onto desired substrates to construct three-dimensional organs.In order to obtain the stable uniform droplets,a stream is the key point of this technology.However,there are so many factors that affect the uniform droplet stream construction process:print parameters,material parameters,control method,etc.A good understanding of the various coupled transport processes that occur during bio-ink impact and spreading on bio-structure can improve the success of print-ability.This paper aims to obtain a good linear bio-structure with ink-jet printing technology.First,a typical droplet deposition process model is constructed;including droplet dynamics impact models and droplet diffusion cap models.Second,a model of successive droplet overlap,to form linear bio-structures,is constructed.Third,the finite element method is used to simulate the droplet impact,collision,and fusion process.Finally,the main influencing factors of the continuous injection printing process,namely the time interval between consecutive droplets and the droplet contact angles,are discussed.Sodium alginate is selected as bio-ink to verify the theory,and it is found that a good linear bio-structure could be obtained if the printing parameters are controlled optimally,i.e.,if the initial contact angle is set as 60 degrees and the trigger frequency is set as 150 kHz.With a proper printing speed and gel coating,a good survival rate of printed cells could be obtained.

Revaluating coal permeability-gas pressure relation under various gas pressure differential conditions

Identifying changes in coal permeability with gas pressure and accurately codifying mean efective stresses in laboratory samples are crucial in predicting gas-fow behavior in coal reservoirs. Traditionally, coal permeability to gas is assessed using the steady-state method, where the equivalent gas pressure in the coal is indexed to the average of upstream and downstream pressures of the coal, while ignoring the nonlinear gas pressure gradient along the gas fow path. For the fow of a compressible gas, the traditional method consistently underestimates the length/volume-averaged pressure and overestimates mean efective stress. The higher the pressure diferential within the sample, the greater the error between the true mean pressure for a compressible fuid and that assumed as the average between upstream and downstream pressures under typical reservoir conditions. A correction coefcient for the compressible fuid pressure asymptotes to approximately 1.3%, representing that the error in mean pressure and efective stress can be on the order of approximately 30%, particularly for highly pressure-sensitive permeabilities and compressibilities, further amplifying errors in evaluated reservoir properties. We utilized this volume-averaged pressure and efective stress to correct permeability and compressibility data reported in the literature. Both the corrected initial permeability and the corrected pore compressibility were found to be smaller than the uncorrected values, due to the underestimation of the true mean fuid pressure, resulting in an overestimation of reservoir permeability if not corrected. The correction coefcient for the initial permeability ranges from 0.6 to 0.1 (reservoir values are only approximately 40% to 90% of laboratory values), while the correction coefcient for pore compressibility remains at approximately 0.75 (reservoir values are only approximately 25% of laboratory value). Errors between the uncorrected and corrected parameters are quantifed under various factors, such as confning pressure, gas sorption, and temperature. By analyzing the evolutions of the initial permeability and pore compressibility, the coupling mechanisms of mechanical compression, adsorption swelling, and thermal expansion on the pore structure of the coal can be interpreted. These fndings can provide insights that are useful for assessing the sensitivity of coal permeability to gas pressure as truly representative of reservoir conditions.

Old Pinus massoniana forests benefit more from recent rapid warming in humid subtropical areas of central-southern China

Trees progress through various growth stages,each marked by specific responses and adaptation strate-gies to environmental conditions.Despite the importance of age-related growth responses on overall forest health and management policies,limited knowledge exists regarding age-related effects on dendroclimatic relationships in key subtropical tree species.In this study,we employed a den-drochronological method to examine the impact of rapid warming on growth dynamics and climatic sensitivity of young(40–60 years)and old(100–180 years)Pinus mas-soniana forests across six sites in central-southern China.The normalized log basal area increment of trees in both age groups increased significantly following rapid warming in 1984.Trees in young forests further showed a distinct growth decline during a prolonged severe drought(2004–2013),whereas those in old forests maintained growth increases.Tree growth was more strongly influenced by temperature than by moisture,particularly in old forests.Spring tem-peratures strongly and positively impacted the growth of old trees but had a weaker effect on young ones.Old forests had a significantly lower resistance to extreme drought but faster recovery compared to young forests.The“divergence problem”was more pronounced in younger forests due to their heightened sensitivity to warming-induced drought and heat stress.With ongoing warming,young forests also may initially experience a growth decline due to their heightened sensitivity to winter drought.Our findings underscore the importance of considering age-dependent changes in forest/tree growth response to warming in subtropical forest man-agement,particularly in the context of achieving“Carbon Peak&Carbon Neutrality”goals in China.

人工智能技术对我国劳动力市场的冲击和影响

本文通过构造可量化的人工智能技术指标,使用相应数据研究其对我国劳动力市场的冲击和影响。通过构建我国2006-2017年制造业行业的工业机器人的基础数据集,利用面板VAR模型对冲击和影响进行识别。结果显示,当前人工智能技术对我国劳动力市场存在正向冲击并具有较强的持续性,1单位标准差的人工智能技术冲击导致劳动力就业岗位上升约0.04至0.045个百分点,劳动力工资水平上升约0.03至0.04个百分点,工资水平对人工智能技术冲击的反应在显著性上稍弱于就业岗位的反应。进一步研究发现,人工智能技术冲击并未导致我国现阶段劳动力市场在结构上出现极化现象。针对日益增加的对人工智能技术所带来的“机器代人”的担忧,本文认为目前人工智能技术冲击对我国劳动力市场的影响是正向的,其更多表现为创造效应而非替代效应,政府应该继续出台积极的政策措施促进人工智能技术在我国更好地发展。

Effects of Different Doses of Doxorubicin on H9C2 Cells

Objective: To study the effect of different doses of doxorubicin on H9C2 cells and to provide a reference for the clinical study of doxorubicin. Methods: Doxorubicin (1, 2, 4, 6, 10 ug/ml) was co-cultured with H9C2 cells for 6, 12 and 24 hours. The morphological changes of cells were observed, and the cell inhibition rates of different time and drug concentration were calculated. Results: Doxorubicin could inhibit the activity of cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 10 ug/ml. Conclusion: A certain dose of doxorubicin has a toxic effect on cardiomyocytes and can cause cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis.

Cancer Pain with Standardized Nursing

Background: The incidence of cancer pain in patients with malignant tumors is relatively high, and pain control is poor, which is closely related to many factors, especially the nursing way. Objective: To explore the effect of standardized nursing model on pain control in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: 50 patients with malignant tumors treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from January to December in 2021 were randomly divided into 25 cases in the control group and 25 cases in the observation group. The pain control and medication compliance of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no difference in the corresponding score of admission pain between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P P Conclusion: Standardized cancer pain nursing can ease the pain of patients, and the medication compliance is better.

Classification of steel based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with restricted Boltzmann machine and support vector machine

In recent years,a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer(LIBS)combined with machine learning has been widely developed for steel classification.However,the much redundant information of LIBS spectra increases the computation complexity for classification.In this work,restricted Boltzmann machines(RBM)and principal component analysis(PCA)were used for dimension reduction of datasets,respectively.Then,a support vector machine(SVM)was adopted to process feature information.Two models(RBM-SVM and PCA-SVM)are compared in terms of performance.After optimization,the accuracy of the RBM-SVM model can achieve 100%,and the maximum dimension reduction time is 33.18 s,which is nearly half of that of the PCA model(53.19 s).These results preliminarily indicate that LIBS combined with RBM-SVM has great potential in the real-time classification of steel.

Safety and efficacy of multi-kinase inhibitor plus endostar treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and pleural effusion

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multi-kinase inhibitor plus endostar treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(m RCC) and pleural effusion. Methods A total of 10 patients with m RCC(8 clear-cell RCCs, 1 papillary RCC, 1 chromophobe RCC) with pleural effusion from January 2014 to October 2015 were recruited. Four patients received sorafenib(400 mg, twice daily), while six received sunitinib(50 mg, once daily; 2 weeks on and 1 week off). All patients received multi-kinase inhibitor plus pleural cavity perfusion of endostar(15 mg on days 1–4 for 1 or 2 weeks). Results The response rate of pleural effusion was 70%. Adverse reactions were limited and mild.Conclusion The regimen of multi-kinase inhibitor plus pleural cavity perfusion of endostar was both effective and safe for the treatment of patients with m RCC with pleural effusion, and may control local symptoms.

The efficacy of capecitabine and temozolomide against neuroendocrine carcinomas

Objective Neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs) are resistant to currently available chemotherapy agents, and its therapeutic options are limited. Preclinical data have suggested synergy between capecitabine and temozolomide(CAPTEM). Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of CAPTEM in patients with metastatic NECs who have failed prior therapies.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on seven patients with metastatic NECs for whom platinum-based chemotherapies and hepatic chemoembolization failed. Patients received capecitabine(1000 mg twice daily on days 1-14) and temozolomide(150–200 mg/m^2 once daily on days 10–14) every 28 days. Tumor assessments were performed every two cycles.Results Among the seven patients treated, two achieved partial remission and four achieved stable disease. The total response rate was 29%, and the clinical benefit was 86%. Median progression-free survival was 10(range: 8–14) months. The most common toxicities were grade 1 and 2 neutropenia, grade 1 fatigue, and grade 1 and 2 hand-foot syndrome. No grade 4 toxicities or treatment-related deaths were observed.Conclusion Our study showed that the CAPTEM regimen is an effective and well-tolerated salvage option for NECs. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate optimal combinations of the CAPTEM regimen for NECs.

Evaluating different levels of information on the calibration of building energy simulation models

A poorly calibrated model undermines confidence in the effectiveness of building energy simulation, impeding the widespread application of advanced energy conservation measures (ECMs). Striking a balance between information-gathering efforts and achieving sufficient model credibility is crucial but often obscured by ambiguities. To address this gap, we model and calibrate a test bed with different levels of information (LOI). Beginning with an initial model based on building geometry (LOI 1), we progressively introduce additional information, including nameplate information (LOI 2), envelope conductivity (LOI 3), zone infiltration rate (LOI 4), AHU fan power (LOI 5), and HVAC data (LOI 6). The models are evaluated for accuracy, consistency, and the robustness of their predictions. Our results indicate that adding more information for calibration leads to improved data fit. However, this improvement is not uniform across all observed outputs due to identifiability issues. Furthermore, for energy-saving analysis, adding more information can significantly affect the projected energy savings by up to two times. Nevertheless, for ECM ranking, models that did not meet ASHRAE 14 accuracy thresholds can yield correct retrofit decisions. These findings underscore equifinality in modeling complex building systems. Clearly, predictive accuracy is not synonymous with model credibility. Therefore, to balance efforts in information-gathering and model reliability, it is crucial to (1) determine the minimum level of information required for calibration compatible with its intended purpose and (2) calibrate models with information closely linked to all outputs of interest, particularly when simultaneous accuracy for multiple outputs is necessary.

Reduced Thiol Compounds-Induced Biosensing,Bioimaging Analysis and Targeted Delivery

Reduced thiol compounds(RTCs),such as glutathione(GSH),cysteine(Cys),and homocysteine(Hcy),are important components of many amino acids andproteins.They are also basic buiding blocks that make up organisms and play an important role in physiology and pathology.Therefore,based on thefundamental characteristics of RTCs in vivo,researchers have reported their use in biosensing and imaging analysis and as carriers inlfe sciences andhealth sciences.n this review,we will itroduce the principles of RTLs and highlight their applications in biosensing and imaging analysis and as carriersreported from 2015 to 2020.

Construction of Nanocarriers Based on Endogenous Cell Membrane and Their Application in Nanomedicine

Inspired by the adaptation of cells to the surrounding environment,the combination of cell membrane and nanomaterials has gradually become a new type of biomimetic nanocomposite.The construction of endogenous membrane biomimetic nanocarriers(EMBNs)not only retains the structure of membrane surface protein,but also has the properties of nanoparticles(NPs),also provides the ability of natural interaction between nanomaterials and organisms,thus overcoming the severe challenges faced by traditional nanodelivery systems in clinical application.In this paper,the construction methods of EMBNs are reviewed,focusing on a simple method to prepare membrane proteins.Secondly,EMBNs were classified according a variety of cell membranes.Finally,the unique advantages of EMBNs in nanomedicine are introduced,including improving biocompatibility,homologous targeting ability,prolonging blood circulation time and immune escape abilty.In nanomedicine,such as targeted delivery,phototherapy,immunotherapy and tumor imaging,multifaceted biological interfaces through membrane masking provide a new approach for the development of multifunctional NPs.

Multi-functional metasurface:ultra-wideband/multi-band absorption switching by adjusting guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects

This study introduces an innovative dual-tunable absorption film with the capability to switch between ultra-wideband and narrowband absorption.By manipulating the temperature,the film can achieve multi-band absorption within the 30-45 THz range or ultra-wideband absorption spanning 30-130 THz,with an absorption rate exceeding 0.9.Furthermore,the structural parameters of the absorption film are optimized using the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to ensure the optimal absorption response.The absorption response of the film is primarily attributed to the coupling of guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects.The film's symmetric structure enables polarization incoherence and allows for tuning through various means such as doping/voltage,temperature and structural parameters.In the case of a multi-band absorption response,the film exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index changes in multiple absorption modes.Additionally,the absorption spectrum of the film remains effective even at large incidence angles,making it highly promising for applications in fields such as biosensing and infrared stealth.

Active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single layer graphene

In this paper,an active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single-layer graphene is proposed,which consists of a graphene layer,a photo crystal plate,and a gold substrate.When the Fermi energy(Ef)of graphene is 1.5 eV,the absorber shows high absorption in the range of 3.7 THz–8 THz,and the total absorption rate is 96.8%.By exploring the absorption mechanism of the absorber,the absorber shows excellent physical regulation.The absorber also shows good adjustability by changing the Efof graphene.This means that the absorber exhibits excellent tunability by adjusting the physical parameters and Efof the absorber.Meanwhile,the absorber is polarization independent and insensitive to the incident angle.The fine characteristics of the absorber mean that the absorber has superior application value in many fields such as biotechnology and space exploration.

The Scorpion Venom Peptide Smp76 Inhibits Viral Infection by Regulating Type-Ⅰ Interferon Response

Dengue virus(DENV) and Zika virus(ZIKV) have spread throughout many countries in the developing world and infect millions of people every year, causing severe harm to human health and the economy. Unfortunately, there are few effective vaccines and therapies available against these viruses. Therefore, the discovery of new antiviral agents is critical.Herein, a scorpion venom peptide(Smp76) characterized from Scorpio maurus palmatus was successfully expressed and purified in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant Smp76(rSmp76) was found to effectively inhibit DENV and ZIKV infections in a dose-dependent manner in both cultured cell lines and primary mouse macrophages. Interestingly,rSmp76 did not inactivate the viral particles directly but suppressed the established viral infection, similar to the effect of interferon(IFN)-b. Mechanistically, rSmp76 was revealed to upregulate the expression of IFN-b by activating interferon regulatory transcription factor 3(IRF3) phosphorylation, enhancing the type-Ⅰ IFN response and inhibiting viral infection.This mechanism is significantly different from traditional virucidal antimicrobial peptides(AMPs). Overall, the scorpion venom peptide Smp76 is a potential new antiviral agent with a unique mechanism involving type-Ⅰ IFN responses,demonstrating that natural AMPs can enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.

抗菌肽VIP在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及鉴定

基于人抗菌肽VIP(Vasoactive intestinal peptide)基因序列,按照毕赤酵母密码子偏好性设计引物;用SOE-PCR法扩增目的基因;然后将目的基因克隆至毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA上,构建VIP分泌表达菌株GS115-p PICZαA-vip。用甲醇诱导96 h收集上清,用质谱进行鉴定,结果显示分泌表达产物与人抗菌肽VIP理论值(3 326.82 Da)完全一致,表明人抗菌肽VIP成功得到分泌表达。琼脂糖凝胶扩散法实验结果显示,重组VIP对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli ATCC25922和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923都有很强的抗菌活性,MIC(Minimal inhibitory concentration)分别为8 mmol/L和16 mmol/L。进一步细胞毒性和溶血性实验结果显示,重组VIP对正常细胞NCM460和IPEC-J2没有毒性,其对SD大鼠红细胞不具有溶血活性。通过透射电镜观察了VIP的抗菌机制,结果显示VIP主要通过破坏细胞膜的方式抑杀细菌。本研究为人抗菌肽VIP的开发应用和大量生产奠定了基础。

Compound graph based hybrid data center topologies

In large-scale data centers, many servers are in- terconnected via a dedicated networking structure, so as to satisfy specific design goals, such as the low equipment cost, the high network capacity, and the incremental expansion. The topological properties of a networking structure are criti- cal factors that dominate the performance of the entire data center. The existing networking structures are either fully random or completely structured. Although such networking structures exhibit advantages on given aspects, they suffer ob- vious shortcomings in other essential fields. In this paper, we aim to design a hybrid topology, called R3, which is the com- pound graph of structured and random topology. It employs random regular graph as a unit duster and connects many such clusters by means of a structured topology, i.e., the gen- eralized hypercube. Consequently, the hybrid topology com- bines the advantages of structured as well as random topolo- gies seamlessly. Meanwhile, a coloring-based algorithm is proposed for R3 to enable fast and accurate routing. R3 pos- sesses many attractive characteristics, such as the modularity and expansibility at the cost of only increasing the degree of any node by one. Comprehensive evaluation results show that our hybrid topology possesses excellent topology properties and network performance.

Molecular characterization of a K+ channel blocker in the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch

K+ channel blockers of scorpion venoms are of important value in studyingpharmacology and physiology of specific K+ channel of celis. Based on the amino acid sequences of BmP01 previously characterized as a small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker, two 'back to back' degenarate primers have been designed and synthesized for inverse PCR strategy, its full-length cDNA has been cloned from the venom gland of the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii. The cDNA is composed of 3 parts: 5’ UTR, oRF and 3’ UTR. The flanking sequence of translation initiation codon ATG is AAAKTGA, which is highly conserved in scorpion Na+ channel toxin and protozoan genes, suggesting that these genes may have followed a common mechanism for translation initiation. The 3’ UTR contains poly(A) signal AATAAA. The open reading frame encodes a precursor of 57 residues with a signal peptide of 28 residues and a mature peptide of 29 residues. The signal peptide is rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues and its length is