Effect of Steam Explosion Technology Main Parameters on Moso Bamboo and Poplar Fiber

One of the large-scale industrial applications of Moso bamboo and poplar in China is the production of standardized fiberboard.When making fiberboard,a steam blasting pretreatment without the addition of traditional adhesives has become increasingly popular because of its environmental friendliness and wide applicability.In this study,the steam explosion pretreatment of Moso bamboo and poplar was conducted.The steam explosion pressure and holding time were varied to determine the influence of these factors on fiber quality by investigating the morphology of the fiber,the mass ratio of the unexploded specimen at the end face,the chemical composition,and the tensile strength.The following conclusions were drawn:As the steam burst pressure and holding time increased,more cellulose and hemicellulose degradation occurred(the degradation of hemicellulose was greater than that of cellulose),the lignin content rose,and the fiber bundle strength decreased.The degradation of bamboo cellulose was slightly higher than that of poplar,and the degradation of poplar hemicellulose was significantly faster than that of bamboo.Furthermore,increasing the steam explosion pressure and pressure holding time could not effectively increase the lignin content.It is recommended to use a steam blasting pressure of 2.5 MPa or 3.0 MPa and a holding time of 180 s to perform steam blasting on bamboo and poplar specimens.

Growing research and development of targeted anticancer drugs in China

Objective:To deliver a comprehensive picture of the landscape and changing trend of trials and approvals on targeted anticancer drugs in China from 2012 to 2021.Methods:Trials,investigated products,and listed drugs were acquired from national databases.The status quo,changing trend of absolute number,and proportion of targeted trials,products,and drugs,as well as the corre-sponding difference between domestic and foreign companies were analyzed.Results:A total of 2,632 trials on 1,167 targeted antitumor drugs were identified,accounting for 81.5%of all registered trials.The number and proportion of trials on targeted drugs increased steadily,with an average growth rate of 36.0%and 6.2%,respectively.A similar growth trend was observed in the number(33.7%)and proportion(13.8%)of targeted drugs.Targeted drugs and trials owned by domestic companies accounted for a higher proportion than that by foreign companies(80.5%vs.19.5%;83.2%vs.16.8%,respectively),and the growing trend for both targeted drugs(13.8%vs.5.7%)and trials(13.8%vs.33.7%)owned by domestic companies was faster.The proportion of targeted drug trials(80.5%vs.85.6%)and multicenter trials(6.0%vs.69.9%)initiated by domestic companies was lower than that by foreign companies,with the gap gradually narrowing.Among the identified 18 targets of the 126 immune drugs under development,only one globally new target was found.Conclusions:Research and development of targeted antitumor drugs in China are booming and advancing rapidly,and domestic enterprises have become the pillar.Encouraging genomics activities and establishing incentives and public-private collaboration frameworks are crucial for innovation-oriented drug development in China.

Research on the Optimization of Teaching and Learning Path in the Context of Educational Data

With the repeated in-depth development of the technological revolution,the combination of education and technology constantly shows a new form.Modern education and Internet education have become the new direction of the current education development efforts.The development of technology has brought great Gospel for the national education.Based on this,from the traditional and modern perspectives,this paper discusses the form and significance of teaching and learning paths,to show the new value of education brought by the change of teaching and learning paths under the background of educational data.

Terahertz chiral edge states enable inner-chip state transition and interchip communications over wireless terminals

Topological valley photonics has recently gained widespread interest owing to its robustness and backscattering immunity against disorders.Previous topological valley transport based on kink states required an interface between two topologically distinct domains,while recent studies have reported that chiral edge states(CESs)can be realized at the external boundary of topological insulators by changing the on-site edge potentials.However,current research on CESs is predominantly focused on the microwave frequency range,leaving challenges for emerging terahertz communications.Here,cladding-free CESs are demonstrated at the external boundary of terahertz all-silicon topological valley photonic crystals with gapless,single-mode,and linear dispersion.We show that CESs are immune to backscattering against sharp corners and support unidirectional propagation of chiral excitations.We also achieved smooth transition between kink states and CESs supported by an all-silicon platform,which could be used as the terahertz inner-chip connection.Finally,a terahertz wireless link between two disconnected CESs is verified for the near-field information interconnection between distinct mobile phones.Our work indicates CESs can improve the compactness of terahertz circuits and inspire advanced terahertz interchip communications.

Co-evolved plant and blast fungus ascorbate oxidases orchestrate the redox state of host apoplast to modulate rice immunity

Apoplastic ascorbate oxidases(AOs)play a critical role in reactive oxygen species(RoS)-mediated innate host immunity by regulating the apoplast redox state.To date,little is known about how apoplastic effectors of the riceblast fungus Magnaportheoryzaemodulate the apoplast redox state of rice to subvert plant immunity.In this study,we demonstrated that M.oryzae MoAo1 is an Ao that plays a role in virulence by modulating the apoplast redox status of rice cells.We showed that MoAo1 inhibits the activity of rice OsAO3and OsAO4,which also regulate the apoplast redox status and plant immunity.In addition,we found that MoAo1,OsAO3,andOsAO4 allexhibit polymorphic variations whosevaried interactions orchestrate pathogen virulence and rice immunity.Taken together,our results reveal a critical role for extracellular redox enzymes during rice blast infection and shed light on the importance of the apoplast redox state anditsregulation inplant-pathogeninteractions.