Non-destructive buffer enabling near-infrared-transparent inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells toward 1400 h light-soaking stable perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2) tandem solar cells

Near-infrared(NIR)transparent inverted all-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are excellent top cell candidates in tandem applications.An essential challenge is the replacement of metal contacts with transparent conductive oxide(TCO)electrodes,which requires the introduction of a buffer layer to prevent sputtering damage.In this study,we show that the conventional buffers(i.e.,small organic molecules and atomic layer deposited metal oxides)used for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are not applicable to all-inorganic perovskites,due to non-uniform coverage of the vulnerable layers underneath,deterioration upon ion bombardment and moisture induced perovskite phase transition,A thin film of metal oxide nanoparticles by the spin-coating method serves as a non-destructive buffer layer for inorganic PSCs.All-inorganic inverted near-infrared-transparent PSCs deliver a PCE of 17.46%and an average transmittance of 73.7%between 780 and 1200 nm.In combination with an 18.56%Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2) bottom cell,we further demonstrate the first all-inorganic perovskite/CIGS 4-T tandem solar cell with a PCE of 24.75%,which exhibits excellent illumination stability by maintaining 86.7%of its initial efficiency after 1400 h.The non-destructive buffer lays the foundation for efficient and stable NIR-transparent inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells and perovskite-based tandems.

Regional years of life lost,years lived with disability,and disability-adjusted life-years for severe mental disorders in Guangdong Province,China:a real-world longitudinal study

Background:To understand the magnitude and spatial-temporal distribution of the regional burden attributable to severe mental disorders is of great essential and high policy relevance.The study aimed to address the burden of severe mental disorders by evaluating the years of life lost,years lived with disability,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)in Guangdong,China.Methods:We undertook a longitudinal study based on a multicenter database established by the Health Commission of Guangdong,involving a total of 21 prefectures and four economic regions in the Guangdong province.A total of 520,731 medical records from patients with severe mental disorders were collected for 2010-2020.Data were analyzed via an integrated evaluation framework by synthesizing prevalence estimates,epidemiological adjustment as well as comorbidity assessment to develop internally consistent estimates of DALY.DALY changes during 2010-2020 were decomposed by population growth and aging and further grouped by Socio-demographic Index(SDI).DALYs were projected to 2030 by the weighted median annualized rate of change in 2010-2020.Results:In 2010-2020,the average DALYs for severe mental disorders reached 798,474(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:536,280-1,270,465)person-years(52.2%for males,and 47.8%for females).Severe mental disorders led to a great amount of disease burden,especially in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Foshan cities.Schizophrenia and mental retardation with mental disorders were the two leading sources of the burden ascribed to severe mental disorders.Population growth and aging could be accountable for the increasing burden of severe mental disorders.Economic regions with higher SDI carried a greater burden but had lower annualized rates of change in DALYs.The overall burden of severe mental disorders is projected to rise modestly over the next decade.Conclusions:The findings urge prioritization of initiatives focused on public mental health,prevention strategies,health resources reallocation,and active involvement of authorities to effectively address the anticipated needs.