Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high‑energy and low‑protein diet induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens

Background Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS),a fatty liver disease in laying hens,poses a grave threat to the layer industry,stemming from its ability to trigger an alarming plummet in egg production and usher in acute mortality among laying hens.Increasing evidence suggests that the onset and progression of fatty liver was closely related to mitochondria dysfunction.Sodium butyrate was demonstrated to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism,alle-viate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and mice models.Nevertheless,there is limited existing research on coated sodium butyrate(CSB)to prevent FLHS in laying hens,and whether and how CSB exerts the anti-FLHS effect still needs to be explored.In this experiment,the FLHS model was induced by administering a high-energy low-protein(HELP)diet in laying hens.The objective was to investigate the effects of CSB on alleviating FLHS with a focus on the role of CSB in modulating mitochondrial function.Methods A total of 288 healthy 28-week-old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates each,namely,the CON group(normal diet),HELP group(HELP diet),CH500 group(500 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet)and CH750 group(750 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet).The duration of the trial encompassed a period of 10 weeks.Results The result revealed that CSB ameliorated the HELP-induced FLHS by improving hepatic steatosis and patho-logical damage,reducing the gene levels of fatty acid synthesis,and promoting the mRNA levels of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism.CSB reduced oxidative stress induced by the HELP diet,upregulated the activity of GSH-Px and SOD,and decreased the content of MDA and ROS.CSB also mitigated the HELP diet-induced inflammatory response by blocking TNF-α,IL-1β,and F4/80.In addition,dietary CSB supplementation attenuated HELP-induced activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt),mitochondrial damage,and decline of ATPase activity.HELP diet decreased the autophagosome formation,and downregulated LC3B but upregulated p62 protein expression,which CSB administration reversed.CSB reduced HELP-induced apoptosis,as indicated by decreases in the Bax/Bcl-2,Caspase-9,Caspase-3,and Cyt C expression levels.Conclusions Dietary CSB could ameliorate HELP diet-induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics,autophagy,and apoptosis in laying hens.Consequently,CSB,as a feed additive,exhibited the capacity to prevent FLHS by modulating autophagy and lipid metabolism.

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe-doped TiO_2 Supported on Hollow Glass Microbeads

In this paper, Fe-doped TiO_2 photocatalyst supported on hollow glass microbeads(Fe-TiO_2 /beads)is prepared by dip-coating method, which uses hollow glass microbeads as the carriers and tetrabutylorthotitanate [Ti(OC_4H_9)_4] as the raw material. The phase structure, ingredient, morphologies, particle size and shell thickness of the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). The feasibility of photocatylic degradation of Rhodamine B(Rh B) under illumination of UV-vis light is studied. The results show that the core-shell structure catalyst is composed of Fe-doped anatase TiO_2 and hollow glass microbeads, and the catalytic activity of the TiO_2 is markedly enhanced by Fe ion doping. The optimum concentration of Fe ion is 0.1%(molecular fraction) in the precursor and the photocatalytic activity can be increased to 98% compared with that of the undoped one. The presence of ferrum elements neither influences the transformation of anatase to rutile, nor creates new crystal phases. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation is also discussed.

A Phase Ⅰ trial of dose escalation of topotecan combined with whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis in lung cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and observe the toxicity of escalating topotecan combined whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis in lung cancer.

On the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Damping

We consider dynamics system with damping, which are obtained by some transformations from the system of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These have similar properties to original Navier-Stokes equations the scaling invariance. Due to the presence of the damping term, conclusions are different with proving the origin of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and get some new conclusions. For one form of dynamics system with damping we prove the existence of solution, and get the existence of the attractors. Moreover, we discuss with limit-behavior the deformations of the Navier-Stokes equation.

Reinforcing Paper Strength by Dual Treatment of a Cationic Water-soluble Polymer and Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril(CNF)was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin(PAE)or cationic starch(CS)was used as the cationic component.Their strengthening effects were investigated for lowbasis-weight(30 g/m2)paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio.Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system,it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system.For example,the paper using the PAE(0.4%)/CNF(0.3%)dual system exhibited 89%higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE(0.4%)system,and the paper using CS(1.3%)/CNF(0.3%)dual treatment showed 21%higher dry strength than that using the single CS(1.3%)system.However,the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper(11%higher than that of paper using the single PAE system),so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement(only 17%higher than that of paper using the single CS system).

三向网格结构无支撑施工关键技术研究

空间网格结构因其独特的建筑造型,在现代建筑中应用越来越多,随着其下方主体结构和空间网格结构越来越复杂,其结构安装技术也在不断地提升和改造。对于下部支承结构较为复杂的单层三向网格结构,常规采用临时支撑胎架进行原位分块安装或者搭设满堂脚手架高空散装的方式都存在措施量大、成本过高、安拆时间长等问题,而液压整体同步提升、顶升以及滑移等新型施工方式不仅同样存在成本和效率问题,而且还有较高的施工难度。针对上述问题,以深圳市“互联网+”未来科技城地块DY01-04街坊西区下沉广场马鞍形单层三向网格穹顶结构为例,对其无支撑施工关键技术进行研究,以实现更少的临时支撑措施量和更高的施工效率。无支撑施工指采用特定的分块方式,能充分利用上一个吊装单元作为下一个吊装单元的支撑结构,以交错搭接的方式,不设临时支撑完成结构的安装。施工的关键在于所采用的特定分块方式划分出的每一个分块均能够在吊装完成后与前一步安装结构形成稳定的结构体系,这个稳定的结构体系与一次设计成型态相比不会产生过大的位移和应力。基于施工全过程仿真分析和现场实测数据,综合考虑了施工过程的安全性、便利性及经济性,对螺旋式、单向交错式和对称交错式三种无支撑施工方式进行对比研究。结果表明,单层三向网格结构无支撑施工安全可靠,施工完成态结构应力及变形与设计一次成型态接近,结构整体应力较小,且环梁施工过程无稳定性问题,安全储备充足;无支撑螺旋式施工分段长度更短,结构应力及变形整体都优于无支撑交错式施工,无支撑对称交错式施工可显著减少单向施工过程中“跷跷板”效应带来的结构额外应力和变形,因此又优于无支撑单向交错式施工;通过在结构位移和应力模拟值较大处布置变形和应力监测点,对结构无支撑螺旋式施工过程中的变形和应力进行监测,监测结果表明:实际结构变形和应力与MIDAS模拟分析结果在发展变化趋势及数值上总体保持一致,体现了无支撑螺旋式施工方案的合理性。

Intermediate phase assisted sequential deposition of reverse-graded quasi-2D alternating cation perovskites for MA-free perovskite solar cells

One-step deposition approaches have been widely applied and developed in the fabrication of quasi-2D perovskites.However,the regulation of quantum wells(QWs)and crystalline orientation is difficult and complicated when using this methodology.Sequential deposition is another widespread synthetic approach for preparing perovskite films and perovskite dimension engineering.In this article,δ-CsPbI_(3)intermediate phase assisted sequential(IPAS)deposition is successfully carried out to fabricate MA-free quasi-2D ACI perovskites.The amount of theδ-CsPbI_(3)intermediate phase in the PbI2 layer and the concentration of GAI molecule in the IPA solution both play important roles in the production of MA-free quasi-2D ACI perovskite films.The n value of the MA-free quasi-2D ACI perovskites can be adjusted,which affects the photovoltaic performance and device stability.Compared with one-step deposition,the MA-free quasi-2D ACI perovskites prepared via IPAS deposition have opposite reverse-graded QW distribution and improved vertical orientation,leading to a remarkable PEC of up to 18.86%and allowing the preparation of unpackaged devices with prominent working stability(80%,400 h).The underlying mechanism and crystallization pathway of IPAS deposition confirm that sequential deposition has unique superiority in regulating the QW distribution and crystalline orientation of quasi-2D perovskites.

盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的比较

目的:探讨盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对不同年龄、屈光状态及调节性内斜视儿童的睫状肌麻痹效果。方法:前瞻性临床研究。对2018年9月至2019年9月在武汉大学人民医院眼科就诊的3~12岁屈光不正儿童283例(566眼)行睫状肌麻痹验光。所有患儿均先使用1%阿托品眼用凝胶点眼后电脑验光,并随机分为A组和B组。2组均按年龄分为3~<6岁组和6~<12岁组,3~<6岁组和6~<12岁组再分为无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组3个亚组。5周后,瞳孔大小及对光反射恢复正常,A组使用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液点眼后电脑验光,B组使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼后电脑验光。采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验对1%阿托品睫状肌麻痹前后电脑验光等效球镜度(SE)差值、不同药物睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光差值进行统计分析。结果:1%阿托品散瞳后SE较散瞳前偏正,SE差值为1.75(1.00~2.75)D,差异有统计学意义(Z=-20.62,P<0.001)。差异在3~<6岁儿童、无内斜远视儿童及伴内斜视儿童中更明显(P<0.001)。A组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用1%盐酸环喷托酯后偏正,SE差值为0.25(0.13~0.50)D(Z=-11.49,P<0.001)。3~<6岁组使用1%阿托品后和使用1%盐酸环喷托酯后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为0.25(0.25~0.25)D、0.38(0.25~0.50)D、0.50(0.38~0.75)D(Z=-3.34、-7.36、-4.95,均P<0.001)。6~<12岁组的SE差值在3组为0(0~0.12)D、0.25(0.12~0.25)D、0.44(0.28~0.69)D(Z=-0.83,P=0.405;Z=-5.30,P<0.001;Z=-3.53,P<0.001)。B组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺后偏正,SE差值为0.25(0.13~0.50)D(Z=-15.46,P<0.001)。3~<6岁组使用1%阿托品后和使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为0.25(0.19~0.25)D、0.38(0.25~0.75)D、0.69(0.30~1.03)D(Z=-3.15,P=0.002,Z=-9.89,P<0.001,Z=-4.79,P<0.001)。6~<12岁组的SE差值在3组分别为0(0~0.12)D、0.32(0.13~0.38)D、0.50(0.41~0.50)D(Z=-1.37,P=0.171;Z=-7.15,P<0.001;Z=-4.37,P<0.001)。结论:1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液或0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼后散瞳验光SE与1%阿托品眼用凝胶点眼后散瞳验光的SE在6~<12岁无内斜视的近视儿童中相近,在3~<6岁和6~<12岁远视及伴内斜视儿童中存在差异。

Electrochemical performance of La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)-Ce_(0.55)La_(0.45)O_(2−δ)as a promising bifunctional oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells

In this work,La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)-Ce_(0.55)La_(0.45)O_(2−δ)(denoted as LNO-xLDC)with various LDC contents(x=0,10,20,30,and 40 wt%)were prepared and evaluated as bifunctional oxygen electrodes for reversible solid oxide cells(RSOCs).Compared with the pure LNO,the optimum composition of LNO-30LDC exhibited the lowest polarization resistance(Rp)of 0.53 and 0.12Ω·cm^(2)in air at 650 and 750℃,respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of LNO-30LDC oxygen electrode was mainly attributed to the extended triple phase boundary and more oxygen ionic transfer channels.The hydrogen electrode supported single cell with LNO-30LDC oxygen electrode displayed peak power densities of 276,401,and 521 mW·cm^(−2)at 700,750,and 800℃,respectively.Moreover,the electrolysis current density of the single cell demonstrated 526.39 mA·cm^(−2) under 1.5 V at 800℃,and the corresponding hydrogen production rate was 220.03 mL·cm^(−2)·h^(−1).The encouraging results indicated that LNO-30LDC was a promising bifunctional oxygen electrode material for RSOCs.

Programming of Regulatory T Cells In Situ for Nerve Regeneration and Long-Term Patency of Vascular Grafts

Rapid integration into the host tissue is critical for long-term patency after small diameter tissue engineering vascular grafts(sdTEVGs)transplantation.Neural recognition may be required for host integration and functionalization of the graft.However,immune rejection and inflammation hinder nerve regeneration of sdTEVGs.Here,a CRISPR/dCas9-nanocarrier was used for targeted programming of regulatory T cells(Treg cells)in situ to promote nerve regeneration of sdTEVGs by preventing excessive inflammation.Treg cells and(C-C chemokine receptor)CCR2+macrophage recruitment occurred after transplantation.The nanodelivery system upregulated ten eleven translocation(TET2)in Treg cells in vitro.Reprogrammed Treg cells upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the proportion of CCR2+macrophages.IL-6 concentrations decreased to the levels required for nerve regeneration.Implantation of CRISPR/dCas9 nanodelivery system-modified sdTEVGs in rats resulted in Treg cell editing,control of excessive inflammation,and promoted nerve regeneration.After 3 months,nerve regeneration was similar to that observed in normal blood vessels;good immune homeostasis,consistency of hemodynamics,and matrix regeneration were observed.Neural recognition promotes further integration of the graft into the host,with unobstructed blood vessels without intimal hyperplasia.Our findings provide new insights into vascular implant functionalization by the host.

基于环形箍加固体系的漂浮桁架结构整体提升研究

湖南广播电视台节目生产基地及配套设施建设项目中漂浮办公室单体为多筒支承的大平面多层桁架结构,由于该结构体系采用常规搭设支撑原位安装方案所需措施量巨大且安装周期长,如采用整体提升方案,结构脱离核心筒后离散为多个桁架单体,施工难度大。针对以上难题,研发了一种环形箍加固工装体系和提升单元变形及合龙精度控制成套技术,将多个离散单体转换成具有足够抗侧和抗扭刚度的整体结构体系,实现提升作业和精确合龙,同时简述了整体提升结构体系受力特点并揭示其提升状态作用机理。研究内容及结论包括:1)通过深入分析核心筒和悬挑桁架单体协同作用机理,设计环形箍加固工装代替原核心筒约束和传力作用,将脱离核心筒后的漂浮桁架结构零散单体紧密拉结,在整体提升状态下可提供足够强度和刚度,使多零散桁架单体加固后满足整体提升施工要求;2)利用有限元软件MIDAS-Gen研究环形箍加固工装体系在提升状态下的传力模式和受力特性,将其进一步优化为提升吊点和下方横梁组成的扁担梁形式受力体系。扁担梁两端悬挑桁架一定程度上受力自平衡,虽然结构体系精简,但是传力路径更加直接,竖杆传力和水平杆刚度控制作用得到充分发挥。根据有限元计算结果对比分析发现,相比于优化前环形箍加固工装,优化后提升结构体系桁架悬挑端部竖向变形减小约10%~12%,对整体结构变形控制更加有利,且提升点优化一半,提升同步性更易保证,措施量优化约30%;3)本工程漂浮办公室提升就位后共120个合龙口,其合龙精度是漂浮办公室南区施工质量控制的决定性因素。利用有限元软件MIDAS-Gen计算分析漂浮桁架结构在提升状态下的变形趋势和合龙口错缝规律,研究发现对提升单元悬挑端部关键点位在拼装阶段过程中的反向预调,可有效保证对接口合龙和结构整体成型精度;4)通过对漂浮桁架结构从拼装到完成合龙全过程的变形监测,发现监测点实测的相对变形与施工模拟的结果变化趋势基本一致,提升和卸载过程中未发现过大的结构变形,验证了所提出的环形箍加固工装体系和提升单元变形及合龙精度控制成套技术的可靠性。

LaNiO3 modified with Ag nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries

No-precious bifunctional catalysts with high electrochemical activities and stability were crucial to properties of rechargeable zinc-air batteries.Herein,LaNiO3 modified with Ag nanoparticles(Ag/LaNiO3)was prepared by the co-synthesis method and evaluated as the bifunctional oxygen catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Compared with LaNiO3,Ag/LaNiO3 demonstrated the enhanced catalytic activity towards ORR/OER as well as higher limited current density and lower onset potential.Moreover,the potential gap between ORR potential(at-3 mA cm^-2)and OER potential(at 5 mA cm^-2)was 1.16 V.The maximum power density of the primary zinc-air battery with Ag/LaNiO3 catalyst achieved 60 mW cm^-2.Furthermore,rechargeable zinc-air batteries operated reversible charge-discharge cycles for 150 cycles without noticeable performance deterioration,which showed its excellent bifunctional activity and cycling stability as oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries.These results indicated that Ag/LaNiO3 prepared by the co-synthesis method was a promising bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries.

Reconfiguring perovskite interface via R4NBr addition reaction toward efficient and stable FAPbI3-based solar cells

Defect states in perovskite films restrict the interfacial stability and open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells.Here,aiming at superior interfacial passivation,we investigate the reconfiguration of perovskite interface by the interaction between a series of quaternary ammonium bromides(QAB)and lead—halide(Pb—X)octahedrons.Bromide—iodide substitution reaction or R4NBr addition reaction may occur on the perovskite surface,which is related to the steric hindrance of quaternary ammonium cations.On this basis,the perovskite surface morphology,band structure,growth orientation and defect states are reconstructed via the R4NBr addition reaction.This ordered lead—halide adduct could effectively repair the imperfect perovskite/hole transportation layer interface to suppress non-radiative recombination and ion migration toward ultralong carrier lifetime surpassing 10µs.The resulting perovskite solar cells yield the efficiency of 23.89%with steady-state efficiency of 23.70%.The passivated cells can sustain 86%of initial efficiency after 200-h operation,which is attributed to the passivation effect and hydrophobic characteristics.This work provides an avenue for reconfiguring perovskite surface by QABs.

Hydrothermal growth of symmetrical ZnO nanorod arrays on nanosheets for gas sensing applications

The hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with 2-fold symmetrical nanorod arrays on zinc aluminum carbonate （ZnAl-CO3） nanosheets have been successfully synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal process. The primary nanosheets, which serve as the lattice-matched substrate for the self-assembly nanorod arrays at the second-step of the hydrothermal route, have been synthesized by using a template of anodic aluminum oxide （AAO）. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and SAED. The nanorods have a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of about 2μ m. A growth mechanism was proposed according to the experimental results. The gas sensor fabricated from ZnO nanorod arrays showed a high sensitivity to ethanol at 230℃. In addition, the response mechanism of the sensors has also been discussed according to the transient response of the gas sensors.