The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great challenge.Herein,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube he...The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great challenge.Herein,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube heterojunction arrays were in-situ grown on copper foam(V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF)for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting.With the merits of nanotube arrays and efficient electronic mod-ulation drived by the OD vacancy defect and 2D heterojunction defect,the resultant V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 47 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(-2) current density,and 263 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 50 mA cm^(-2) current density,as well as a cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the nanotube heterojunction arrays endows V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF with outstanding stability in long-term catalytic processes,as confirmed by the continuous chronopotentiom-etry tests at current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h.展开更多
This paper analyzes how the foreign penetration affects China's environment policy in a mixed oligopoly framework, and gets several interesting conclusions. First, our result shows that government should strengthe...This paper analyzes how the foreign penetration affects China's environment policy in a mixed oligopoly framework, and gets several interesting conclusions. First, our result shows that government should strengthen the degree of environmental policy along with increasing proportion of domestic ownership of multinational firms. Second, we show that an increase in domestic ownership of multinational firms raises not only domestic private firms' profit but also public firm's profit as well as social welfare. Third, the government will raise the environmental tax to control environmental damage.展开更多
Development of a general regulatory strategy for efficient overall water splitting remains a challenging task.Herein,a simple,costfairness,and general fluorination strategy is developed to realize surface reconstructi...Development of a general regulatory strategy for efficient overall water splitting remains a challenging task.Herein,a simple,costfairness,and general fluorination strategy is developed to realize surface reconstruction,heteroatom doping,and vacancies engineering over cobalt phosphide(CoP)for acquiring high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.Specifically,the surface of CoP nanoarrays(NAs)becomes rougher,meanwhile F doped into CoP lattice and creating amounts of P vacancies by fluorination,which caused the increase of active sites and regulation of charge distribution,resulting the excellent electrocatalyst performance of F-CoP NAs/copper foam(CF).The optimized F-CoP NAs/CF delivers a lower overpotential of only 35 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 231 mV at 50 mA·cm^(−2)for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and the corresponding overall water splitting requires only 1.48 V cell voltage at 10 mA·cm^(−2),which are superior to the most state-of-theart reported electrocatalysts.This work provides an innovative and feasible strategy to construct efficient electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52072196,52002200,52102106,52202262,22379081,22379080Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2020zD09the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2020QE063,ZR202108180009,ZR2023QE059.
文摘The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great challenge.Herein,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube heterojunction arrays were in-situ grown on copper foam(V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF)for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting.With the merits of nanotube arrays and efficient electronic mod-ulation drived by the OD vacancy defect and 2D heterojunction defect,the resultant V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 47 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(-2) current density,and 263 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 50 mA cm^(-2) current density,as well as a cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the nanotube heterojunction arrays endows V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF with outstanding stability in long-term catalytic processes,as confirmed by the continuous chronopotentiom-etry tests at current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Fund Programs of China(grant nos.71473082 and 71573136)
文摘This paper analyzes how the foreign penetration affects China's environment policy in a mixed oligopoly framework, and gets several interesting conclusions. First, our result shows that government should strengthen the degree of environmental policy along with increasing proportion of domestic ownership of multinational firms. Second, we show that an increase in domestic ownership of multinational firms raises not only domestic private firms' profit but also public firm's profit as well as social welfare. Third, the government will raise the environmental tax to control environmental damage.
基金The work reported here was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072196,52002199,52002200,and 52102106)Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ZD09)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2019BEM042 and ZR2020QE063)the Innovation and Technology Program of Shandong Province(No.2020KJA004)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.ts201511034).
文摘Development of a general regulatory strategy for efficient overall water splitting remains a challenging task.Herein,a simple,costfairness,and general fluorination strategy is developed to realize surface reconstruction,heteroatom doping,and vacancies engineering over cobalt phosphide(CoP)for acquiring high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.Specifically,the surface of CoP nanoarrays(NAs)becomes rougher,meanwhile F doped into CoP lattice and creating amounts of P vacancies by fluorination,which caused the increase of active sites and regulation of charge distribution,resulting the excellent electrocatalyst performance of F-CoP NAs/copper foam(CF).The optimized F-CoP NAs/CF delivers a lower overpotential of only 35 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 231 mV at 50 mA·cm^(−2)for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and the corresponding overall water splitting requires only 1.48 V cell voltage at 10 mA·cm^(−2),which are superior to the most state-of-theart reported electrocatalysts.This work provides an innovative and feasible strategy to construct efficient electrocatalysts.
