Research Progress of Different Fertilization Models in Farmland Based on Bibliometrics

In order to grasp the research status of different fertilization modes in China s farmland more comprehensively, with papers in core journals of Chinese Peking University collected in CNKI database from 2003 to 2022 as the main research object, this paper analyzed the research status of different fertilization modes from the perspectives of annual number of published papers, published journals, keywords and highly cited papers applying the bibliometrics research method. This study provides reference for the research in this field.

Value and Measures of Integrating Local Red Culture into the Ideological and Political Course of Environmental Disciplines under the OBE Concept

Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training applied talents of environmental disciplines in the new era.This educational model makes an innovation on the traditional educational and teaching concepts and centers on students.This paper analyzes the value of integrating local red culture into the ideological and political course under the OBE concept,and puts forward an effective implementation path.

Stimuli-Responsive Gene Delivery Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy

Gene therapy provides a promising approach in treating cancers with high efficacy and selectivity and few adverse effects.Currently,the development of functional vectors with safety and effectiveness is the intense focus for improving the delivery of nucleic acid drugs for gene therapy.For this purpose,stimuli-responsive nanocarriers displayed strong potential in improving the overall efficiencies of gene therapy and reducing adverse effects via effective protection,prolonged blood circulation,specific tumor accumulation,and controlled release profile of nucleic acid drugs.Besides,synergistic therapy could be achieved when combined with other therapeutic regimens.This review summarizes recent advances in various stimuliresponsive nanocarriers for gene delivery.Particularly,the nanocarriers responding to endogenous stimuli including pH,reactive oxygen species,glutathione,and enzyme,etc.,and exogenous stimuli including light,thermo,ultrasound,magnetic field,etc.,are introduced.Finally,the future challenges and prospects of stimuli-responsive gene delivery nanocarriers toward potential clinical translation are well discussed.The major objective of this review is to present the biomedical potential of stimuli-responsive gene delivery nanocarriers for cancer therapy and provide guidance for developing novel nanoplatforms that are clinically applicable.

Bibliometric Analysis of Soil Fertility Evaluation Papers Based on Core Journals in CNKI

[Objectives]This study was conducted to deeply analyze the research status in the field of soil fertility evaluation.[Methods]With the core journals of Peking University included in CNKI database from 2002 to 2021 as the research object,papers were searched in the advanced search mode using SU=‘soil fertility’and SU=‘evaluation’as the retrieval subject terms and analyzed by the bibliometric research method,from three perspectives,namely,the annual number of papers published,the number of papers issued by authors and the number of highly cited papers.[Results]A total of 891 first authors issued 990 papers related to soil fertility evaluation in total from 2002 to 2021,with an average annual number of papers published at about 50,and the number of published papers showed a trend of rapidly increasing first and then gradually stabilizing.The top 13 authors published 3-4 papers,including Yang Xiaojuan,Chen Haisheng and Li Xinju(4 papers)ranking first.The top 10 papers with the highest citation frequency were published in 9 journals,respectively covering ecology,forestry,agriculture,geography,engineering and other fields,which shows that there are many kinds of journals focusing on the research field of soil fertility evaluation.[Conclusions]The results can provide reference for further research on soil fertility evaluation.

Optimization of the Cultivation Device for Cordyceps militaris and Development of Its Characteristic Product

In order to better promote the development of the Cordyceps militaris industry,the C.militaris cultivation device was optimized.Multiple layers of bearing plates are arranged on a support frame,and six cultivation boxes are placed on each layer of bearing plate.The optimized device improves the cultivation method of C.militaris,improves the space utilization rate,and can greatly increase the output of C.militaris.Meanwhile,combining with local special R.roxburghii in Guizhou,a C.militaris and R.roxburghii compound drink were developed,which extends the industrial chain of C.militaris,which meets the current social needs and has good market prospects.The research results can promote rural industrial revolution and further help the revitalization of rural industries.

Paths for Integrating Local Red Culture into Ideological and Political Courses of Agronomy Majors

Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.

Visualized Analysis of Research Progress on Soil Aggregates

[Objectives]This study was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of the research status of fields related to soil aggregates.[Methods]The academic papers published from 2001 to 2020 in the field of soil aggregates were searched in the CNKI database serving as the statistical source using the subject terms"soil"and"aggregate"under advanced search,and visually analyzed by bibliometric statistical methods,from the perspectives of the annual number of published papers,the number of papers published by authors,and highly cited papers.[Results]The trend of the number of published papers in the past 20 years was mainly divided into three stages:2001-2007,2008-2016,and 2017-2020.There were 192 first authors in the literature related to soil aggregates.The authors with the top 3 published papers were Wang Erli,Zhang Zhengxiong,Li Yangbing,and Yang Yonghui(tied for third).Three highly cited papers were published in journals related to"ecology",and the top 10 most cited papers focused on the"formation and stability"of soil aggregates and the relationship between aggregates and soil organic matter and biochar.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for further research on soil aggregates.

Evaluation of Trace Elements in the Soil of Typical Peach Orchards in Zunyi City

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the enrichment and paucity of trace elements in the soil environment of peach orchards in Zunyi City,and to provide reference for supplementary application of microelement fertilizers and high-quality peach production in peach orchards.[Methods]Taking the soil of three typical peach orchards(Taoli Renjia peach orchard,Pengrui peach orchard and Taohuadao peach orchard)in Shenxi Town,Honghuagang District,Zunyi City as the research object,the contents of trace elements in soil were analyzed through field sampling and indoor determination of trace elements.[Results]The effective contents of trace elements in the soil of peach orchard bases in the study area were at a medium level,and the soil of the peach orchards was rich in available Fe and Se.The contents of available Cu,Mo and Mn were relatively rich.The contents of available B were not high overall.The contents of available Zn were at a moderate to low level overall.The soil of Taoli Renjia peach orchard was relatively rich in trace elements.[Conclusions]The research results can provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality crispy peaches in peach orchards.

Development of Spraying Devices for Interplantation in Forest

Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches,and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to promote rural revitalization.However,due to the different pests and diseases occurring in peach trees and soybeans,the control drugs used are also different,and the existing technology for spraying and controlling peach or soybean seedlings is operated separately and cannot be sprayed together at the same time.This study,based on the actual situation of forest land,develops a spraying device for interplantation in forest(peach tree and soybean)from the aspects of technical solutions,working principles and beneficial effects,in order to solve the problem of low spraying efficiency of spraying control of peach tree or soybean seedlings in the existing technology.

中国预算变迁遵循间断-均衡逻辑吗?——基于2007—2019年中国财政预算数据的实证研究

间断-均衡预算理论对渐进预算理论进行了挑战,它认为预算过程中同时存在长期稳定与剧烈变迁,并将之归结为认知摩擦和制度摩擦。为了检验中国预算变迁是否遵循间断-均衡逻辑,论文发展了基于间断-均衡理论视角下的中国政策过程和预算过程理论,应用2007—2019年全国、中央、地方的预算数据,以类级支出为分析对象,通过计算类级支出变迁的分布值,对一般间断假设、纵向制度摩擦假设和比较制度摩擦假设三个命题进行了检验。研究发现,中国预算变迁符合间断-均衡逻辑,这扩展了一般间断假设的外部有效性。为了理解这些结论及其背后的现象,论文对间断-均衡理论中的公共预算的一般经验法则、制度摩擦与间断-均衡理论的比较研究、中国地区分权的权威体制、规则制定的权力和行动的权力、发展基于中国情景的政府信息处理理论等几个问题进行了讨论。

专栏导语:中国公共政策研究:回顾、进展与展望

一、公共政策研究中的两种知识一般认为,政策科学(Policy Science)起源于哈罗德·拉斯韦尔(Harold D. Lasswell)在1951编辑出版的《政策科学:范围与方法的最近发展》( The Policy Sciences:Recent Developments in Scope and Method )一书。在该书中,拉斯韦尔撰写了一篇“政策取向”(Policy Orientation)的文章,强调使用政策来整合现有的学科分工,提出了建构基于政策研究的学科设想,并将这一学科定义为“对政策的科学研究”,并用“政策科学”来指称这一学科。

Mesenchymal stem cells： a new strategy for immunosuppression and tissue repair

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have shown that un-stimulated MSCs are indeed incapable of immunosuppression; they become potently immunosuppressive upon stimulation with the supernatant of activated lymphocytes, or with combinations of IFN-γ, with TNF-α, IL-1α or IL-1β. This observation revealed that under certain circumstances, inflammatory cytokines can actually become immunosuppressive. We showed that there is a species variation in the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression： immunosuppression by cytokine-primed mouse MSCs is mediated by nitric oxide （NO）, whereas immunosuppression by cytokine-primed human MSCs is executed through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase （IDO）. Additionally, upon stimulation with the inflammatory cytokines, both mouse and human MSCs secrete several leukocyte chemokines that apparently serve to attract immune cells into the proximity with MSCs, where NO or IDO is predicted to be most active. Therefore, immunosuppression by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated MSCs occurs via the concerted action of chemokines and immune-inhibitory NO or IDO produced by MSCs. Thus, our results provide novel information about the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression and for better application of MSCs in treating tissue injuries induced by immune responses.

Study on Improvement of Soil Porosity

In order to further improve soil porosity and improve soil physical properties,the raw materials,formula and application methods of soil amendment were optimized,and the pH and porosity of yellow soil were compared and analyzed after application of soil amendment.The results showed that the application of amendments increased soil pH and porosity.The results will provide the scientific basis for the improvement of soil porosity.

Living Chinese Herbal Scaffolds from Microfluidic Bioprinting for Wound Healing

Biological scaffolds have been widely employed in wound healing applications,while their practical efficiency is compromised by insufficient oxygen delivery to the 3-dimensional constructs and inadequate nutrient supply for the long-term healing process.Here,we present an innovative living Chinese herbal scaffold to provide a sustainable oxygen and nutrient supply for promoting wound healing.Through a facile microfluidic bioprinting strategy,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine(Panax notoginseng saponins[PNS])and a living autotrophic microorganism(microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa[MA])were successfully encapsulated into the scaffolds.The encapsulated PNS could be gradually released from the scaffolds,which promoted cell adhesion,proliferation,migration,and tube formation in vitro.In addition,benefiting from the photosynthetic oxygenation of the alive MA,the obtained scaffolds would produce sustainable oxygen under light illumination,exerting a protective effect against hypoxia-induced cell death.Based on these features,we have demonstrated through in vivo experiments that these living Chinese herbal scaffolds could efficiently alleviate local hypoxia,enhance angiogenesis,and thereby accelerate wound closure in diabetic mice,indicating their great potential in wound healing and other tissue repair applications.

Programmable microfluidic manipulations for biomedical applications

Fluid manipulation plays an important role in biomedical applications such as biochemical assays,medical diag-nostics,and drug development.Programmable fluidic manipulation at the microscale is highly desired in both fundamental and practical aspects.In this paper,we summarize some of the latest studies that achieve pro-grammable fluidic manipulation through intricate capillaric circuits design,construction of biomimetic metasur-face,and responsive surface wettability control.We highlight the working principle of each system and concisely discuss their design criterion,technical improvements,and implications for future study.We envision that with multidisciplinary efforts,microfluidics would continue to bring vast opportunities to biomedical fields and make contributions to human health.

Cartilage-inspired hydrogel lubrication strategy

In nature,when two solid interfaces contact and slide with each other,adverse friction and wear ensue.Lubrication is an important means to reduce them.Fluid film lubrication and boundary lubrication are the most typical lubrication paradigms that are different in the principle of formation.1 More generally,in fluid film lubrication mode,the two sliding surfaces are completely separated by a fluid film with a thickness much larger than the surface asperities.At this time,the energy dissipation is mainly caused by the fluid being sheared.Boundary lubrication occurs when two surfaces are in molecular contact,and the energy dissipation mainly comes from van der Waals force,Coulomb force,and dis-entanglement of surface polymers.Therefore,boundary lubrication is directly related to the physical and chemical properties of the surface.

Emerging biomaterials for reproductive medicine

Reproduction is the most important event for the continuation of life.Unfortunately,infertility is a widespread problem.Recently,biomaterials have been widely used in reproductive biology,including tissue engineering,regenerative medicine and contraception.In this review,we summarize the research progress of biomaterials applied in follicle culture,artificial ovary,tissue engineering,and contraception.We first introduce the applications and advantages of different biomaterials in follicle culture and artificial ovary.Then,we summarize the biomaterials for tissue engineering in reproductive biology.Also,we introduce the applications of biomaterials for contraception.Besides,some emerging technologies are also introduced,such as microfluidic chip,organ chip,3D printing,electrostatic spinning and stem cell therapy in the fundamental research and clinical application.We believe that this review will promote the interdisciplinary communication between biomaterial science and reproductive biology.