埋藏过程对深层-超深层碎屑岩成岩作用及优质储层发育的影响——以准噶尔盆地南缘下白垩统清水河组为例

以准噶尔盆地南缘下白垩统清水河组为例,综合利用岩石薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、稳定同位素组成及流体包裹体等技术手段,开展前陆盆地埋藏过程对深层—超深层碎屑岩成岩作用及优质储层发育影响的研究。研究表明,清水河组依次经历了“缓慢浅埋”、“构造抬升”、“渐进深埋”与“快速深埋”4个埋藏阶段。“缓慢浅埋”与“构造抬升”不仅能够缓解储层颗粒间的机械压实作用,还有利于长期保持开放型的成岩体系;既能够促进大气淡水对储层易溶组分的充分溶解,还能够抑制溶蚀产物的沉淀。晚期“快速深埋”过程促成流体超压的发育,一方面有效地抑制压实、胶结作用对原生孔隙的破坏,另一方面也促进储层微裂缝的大量发育,提高了晚期有机酸充注产生的溶蚀效果。基于孔隙度演化史的定量恢复,证实长期“缓慢浅埋”与“构造抬升”过程对深层—超深层优质碎屑岩储层发育的贡献最大,其次为晚期“快速深埋”过程,“渐进深埋”过程则几乎没有贡献。

基于沉积过程分析的扇三角洲沉积模式研究:以滦平盆地桑园剖面下白垩统西瓜园组为例

洪水类型与流量变化是影响扇三角洲地貌形态与沉积特征的主要因素,但不同类型洪水作用下扇三角洲沉积单元发育规律研究薄弱。论文以滦平盆地桑园剖面下白垩统西瓜园组为例,通过剖面测量和岩相划分,恢复了沉积流体类型、沉积过程及其沉积响应单元,建立了不同洪水作用下扇三角洲沉积模式。根据岩相组合将该剖面的主控沉积过程解释为碎屑流、洪流与片流3种洪水,分别对应于碎屑流建造期、洪流建造期与片流建造期。结合沉积过程与砂砾岩沉积形态特征,将目的层解释为8种沉积单元,具体包括扇三角洲平原环境的陆上碎屑流舌状体、洪流主控辫状河道和扇三角洲前缘的水下碎屑流舌状体、高密度浊流水道、牵引流水下分流河道、高密度浊流朵体、水下片流朵体及滑塌体。在扇三角洲碎屑流建造期,发育多期垂向上叠置的、向湖盆进积的碎屑流舌状体;在洪流建造期,平原中形成洪流主控辫状河道,而进入湖盆后洪流转化为高密度浊流,发育高密度浊流水道与朵体;在片流建造期,则以水下快速沉积形成的水下片流朵体为特征。洪水期扇三角洲前缘沉积物快速沉积和沉积物坡失稳易于形成滑塌体,而间洪期则以平原上辫状河道和前缘中低流态水下分流河道的发育为特征。基于洪水类型及其沉积过程的扇三角洲沉积规律的研究,深化了对其砂体形态与结构规律的认识。

Volcanically Driven Terrestrial Environmental Perturbations during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Eastern Tethys

The Carnian Pluvial Episode(CPE)fingerprints global environmental perturbations and biological extinction on land and oceans and is potentially linked to the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province(LIP).However,the correlation between terrestrial environmental changes and Wrangellia volcanism in the Ordos Basin during the CPE remains poorly understood.Records of negative carbon isotopic excursions(NCIEs),mercury(Hg),Hg/TOC,and Hg enrichment factor(HgEF)from oil shales in a large-scale terrestrial Ordos Basin in the Eastern Tethys were correlated with marine and other terrestrial successions.The three significant NCIEs in the study section were consistently correlated with those in the CPE successions of Europe,the UK,and South and North China.The U-Pb geochronology indicates a Ladinian-Carnian age for the Chang 7 Member.A comprehensive overview of the geochronology,NCIE correlation,and previous bio-and chronostratigraphic frameworks shows that the Ladinian-Carnian boundary is located in the lower part of Chang 7 in the Yishicun section.HgEF may be a more reliable proxy for tracing volcanic eruptions than the Hg/TOC ratio because the accumulation rates of TOC content largely vary in terrestrial and marine successions.The records of Hg,Hg/TOC,HgEF,and NCIEs in the Ordos Basin aligned with Carnian successions worldwide and were marked by similar anomalies,indicating a global response to the Wrangellia LIP during the CPE.Anoxia,a warm-humid climate,enhancement of detrital input,and NCIEs are synchronous with the CPE interval in the Ordos Basin,which suggests that the CPE combined with the regional Qinling Orogeny should dominate the enhanced rate of terrigenous input and paleoenvironmental evolution in the Ordos Basin.

Influences of burial process on diagenesis and high-quality reservoir development of deep-ultra-deep clastic rocks:A case study of Lower Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in southern margin of Junggar Basin,NW China

Taking the Lower Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin as an example,the influences of the burial process in a foreland basin on the diagenesis and the development of high-quality reservoirs of deep and ultra-deep clastic rocks were investigated using thin section,scanning electron microscope,electron probe,stable isotopic composition and fluid inclusion data.The Qingshuihe Formation went through four burial stages of slow shallow burial,tectonic uplift,progressive deep burial and rapid deep burial successively.The stages of slow shallow burial and tectonic uplift not only can alleviate the mechanical compaction of grains,but also can maintain an open diagenetic system in the reservoirs for a long time,which promotes the dissolution of soluble components by meteoric freshwater and inhibits the precipitation of dissolution products in the reservoirs.The late rapid deep burial process contributed to the development of fluid overpressure,which effectively inhibits the destruction of primary pores by compaction and cementation.The fluid overpressure promotes the development of microfractures in the reservoir,which enhances the dissolution effect of organic acids.Based on the quantitative reconstruction of porosity evolution history,it is found that the long-term slow shallow burial and tectonic uplift processes make the greatest contribution to the development of deep-ultra-deep high-quality clastic rock reservoirs,followed by the late rapid deep burial process,and the progressive deep burial process has little contribution.

晚期快速埋藏过程中微裂缝对深层不同成岩强度碎屑岩储集层的改造作用——来自准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系清水河组成岩物理模拟的启示

以准噶尔盆地南缘白垩系清水河组埋藏史为约束,利用露头区低成熟砂岩样品开展成岩物理模拟实验,并结合区域地质资料,探讨微裂缝对不同成岩强度储集层的改造作用及其对优质储集层发育的意义。研究结果表明:大尺度微裂缝主要形成于晚期快速埋深阶段,形成时间与有机酸充注基本发生在同一时期。微裂缝的发育为油气在深层、超深层碎屑岩中的运移创造了良好的条件,也为有机酸沿着微裂缝进入储集层促进胶结物与颗粒发生晚期持续性溶蚀提供了可能。快速埋深前储集层的基质孔隙、微裂缝的发育与否决定了快速埋深过程形成的微裂缝对储集层的改善程度。快速埋深前基质孔隙与微裂缝越发育、胶结程度越低,晚期快速埋深中的微裂缝越发育、溶蚀程度越高,储集层质量的改善程度越明显,实验中储集层渗透率最大增加55%。如果快速埋深前储集层胶结作用强烈、基质孔隙缺乏但已局部发育微裂缝,则晚期快速埋深中的微裂缝发育程度也相对较高,可使渗透率增加43%。但如果快速埋深前储集层的胶结作用强烈、基质孔隙缺乏,且不存在微裂缝,那么晚期快速埋深形成的微裂缝有限,渗透率仅增加16%。晚期快速埋深过程中大尺度微裂缝的形成及其对有机酸溶蚀的促进,是深层、超深层优质储集层发育的重要原因。

微分法多岩性压实校正技术及其在胜利桩海地区的应用

地层埋藏史与古地貌的精细恢复对于油气储层预测和富集规律认识至关重要,压实校正的精度是制约地层埋藏史与古地貌的精细恢复的关键。为了提高压实校正的精度,基于岩石骨架不变原理,应用微分法构建了不同岩性的压实校正技术。利用胜利油田桩海地区石炭系实际井数据进行了压实校正计算。结果表明,该组泥的岩压实率为2.02~2.23,砂岩压实率为1.58~1.63,灰岩压实率为1.41~1.48。地层埋深越浅、厚度越大、欠压实作用越发育、砂岩和灰岩含量越多,地层总压实率越小。

南堡凹陷东北部东二段重力流砂岩储层发育规律

随着勘探程度的提高,深水重力流成因的浊积岩储层已成为我国东部断陷湖盆油气勘探开发的重要目标之一。因为沉积分异不足和成岩破坏,重力流砂岩的储层质量通常整体较差,优质储层的预测成为制约其有效油气勘探的关键地质因素。利用岩心、测井资料及储层物性、岩石薄片分析结果,研究了南堡凹陷东北部东营组二段重力流砂岩的岩相特征、成因类型、储层特征,以探索优质储层的控制因素和发育规律。研究表明,区内重力流沉积可细分为8种岩相,解释为滑动滑塌、砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流4类成因。储层物性参数统计分析证实,本区重力流砂岩储层非均质性强,储层质量受控于砂岩成因、砂-泥结构及其影响的溶蚀强度。从成因看,砂质碎屑流和浊流对重力流砂岩优质储层的发育贡献最大。砂质碎屑流成因的块状砂岩厚度较大、泥岩夹层较少、钙质胶结物的溶蚀程度高,储层质量最好;而浊流成因的砂岩厚度较薄,与泥岩呈互层或夹层产出,成岩环境封闭、钙质胶结物溶蚀程度低,储层质量较差。本研究为湖盆深水重力流砂岩油气的高效勘探开发提供了一种基于成因和结构的储层预测思路。

强制湖退期湖底扇沉积构型的多样性与砂体分布特征——以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙三段中亚段为例

针对目前关于陆相湖盆不同体系域内部重力流沉积的差异性研究薄弱的情况,以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷史深100地区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段为例,综合利用岩心、测井和三维地震等资料,分析强制湖退期湖底扇沉积构型特征及四级基准面变化对其发育的影响。研究表明,四级基准面上升期湖底扇以异重流成因为主,下降晚期滑塌成因比例逐渐上升。四级基准面从上升到下降,异重流成因湖底扇内部水道延伸距离持续减小,导致湖底扇的平面形态从高度沟道化的扇形向裙带状的扇形转变;此外湖底扇内部的分支水道复合体构型样式由垂向加积转为侧向迁移,单一水道的横向规模逐渐减小;朵叶体复合体的构型样式从侧向摆动型补偿叠置演变为加积型叠置,单一朵叶体的横向规模逐渐增大。该研究深化了高频层序地层中重力流沉积规律的认识,并为湖底扇油气藏精细开发提供了地质依据。

早侏罗世大洋缺氧事件在塔里木盆地的响应

早侏罗世Toarcian期大洋缺氧事件(简称“T-OAE”),被认为与Karoo-Ferrar大火成岩省爆发以及与甲烷气水合物有关的温室气体迅速释放导致全球变暖密切相关。该事件在特提斯洋区有较详细研究,但在陆相生态系统中的环境变化和沉积响应报道较少。本文报道了塔里木盆地北缘库车河地区的有机碳同位素地层数据,“东剖面”和“西剖面”中δ13C曲线总体的正偏移趋势被多幕次地快速负偏移打断,表明地表碳循环受到了巨大扰动。事件层内δ13C值的突然负向波动暗示了大气碳库在短时间内有相对轻同位素特征的碳注入,并呈现不稳定的、阶段性注入的特点,推测可能与增温引发的正反馈有关。沉积相突变与孢粉种类的衰减表明该区沉积环境发生了巨大变化;碎屑白云岩和紫红色泥岩的出现和湿生孢粉的衰减以及中生孢粉的出现,均表明在T-OAE期间塔里木盆地北缘气候转为干热。该研究报道了首个来自陆相沉积盆地边缘的T-OAE记录,对于深入理解二氧化碳浓度显著升高背景下引起的陆地系统响应具有借鉴意义。

准噶尔盆地南缘西段白垩系清水河组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

准噶尔盆地南缘西段白垩系清水河组具有十分优越的油气勘探前景,系统研究其成岩作用特征及孔隙演化过程,明确有利储层发育区,可以为后期油气精细勘探评价提供指导。基于普通薄片、铸体薄片、全岩X衍射、粒度、扫描电镜、碳酸盐胶结物碳氧同位素与流体包裹体分析,综合研究准南西段清水河组成岩特征及其孔隙演化过程,并进一步探讨了不同成岩相间的储层孔隙演化过程差异。研究表明:(1)研究区清水河组储层以砂砾岩为主,岩屑含量高,平均占比65.97%,并以凝灰岩岩屑为主。胶结物主要为方解石。储层平均孔隙度为6.2%,平均渗透率为7.45×10-3μm2,整体表现为低孔—低渗型的致密储层,但局部仍有优质储层发育;(2)储层埋藏方式以长期浅埋—晚期快速深埋为特征,并可进一步划分出长期浅埋、构造抬升至近地表、正常深埋和快速深埋4个演化阶段。其中在长期浅埋、构造抬升至近地表、正常深埋阶段储层成岩演化处于早成岩A期,而快速深埋阶段储层处于早成岩B期—中成岩A期;(3)清水河组储层可划分出4种典型成岩相,即强压实相、钙质/铁泥质强胶结相、凝灰质充填—弱溶蚀相和弱压实—孔隙发育相,并以成岩相为约束建立准噶尔盆地南缘清水河组碎屑岩储层孔隙演化模式。弱压实—孔隙发育相为优质储层成岩相类型,其次为凝灰质充填—弱溶蚀相。

Diversity of depositional architecture and sandbody distribution of sublacustrine fans during forced regression: A case study of Paleogene Middle Sha 3 Member in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Currently, the differences in gravity flow deposits within different systems tracts in continental lacustrine basins are not clear. Taking the middle submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Sha 3 Member) in the Shishen 100 area of the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the depositional architecture of sublacustrine fans during forced regression and the impact of the fourth-order base-level changes on their growth were investigated using cores, well logs and 3D seismic data. Sublacustrine fans were mainly caused by hyperpycnal flow during the fourth-order base-level rise, while the proportion of slump-induced sublacustrine fans gradually increased during the late fourth-order base-level fall. From rising to falling of the fourth-order base-level, the extension distance of channels inside hyperpycnal-fed sublacustrine fans reduced progressively, resulting in the transformation in their morphology from a significantly channelized fan to a skirt-like fan. Furthermore, the depositional architecture of distributary channel complexes in sublacustrine fans changed from vertical aggradation to lateral migration, and the lateral size of individual channel steadily decreased. The lobe complex's architectural patterns evolved from compensational stacking of lateral migration to aggradational stacking, and the lateral size of individual lobe steadily grew. This study deepens the understanding of depositional features of gravity flow in high-frequency sequence stratigraphy and provides a geological foundation for the fine development of sublacustrine fan reservoirs.

母岩性质对砾岩储层中自生绿泥石发育的影响及油气储层意义--以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷玛北地区下乌尔禾组为例

近期取得重大发现的准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷砾岩油气藏表现出近源、粗粒、深埋、低渗的特征,其中下乌尔禾组(砂)砾岩储层质量与其中自生绿泥石及其伴生的成岩作用密切相关。基于大量铸体薄片观察和扫描电镜、电子探针、X荧光光谱等测试技术,对玛湖凹陷北部地区二叠系下乌尔禾组四段开展了岩石学、矿物学研究,以明确自生绿泥石含量、分布、成因及其对储层的影响,探索火山岩物源供给条件下储层成岩作用差异和优质储层发育规律。研究表明:1)玛北地区自生绿泥石主要为铁-镁过渡型偏富铁绿泥石,以颗粒薄膜、孔隙衬里和孔隙充填产出,物质主要来源于中基性火山物质;2)研究区发育4个砾岩扇体,物源区母岩性质差异较为明显。玛东斜坡夏盐扇、玛东扇砾岩储层中发育大量的自生绿泥和浊沸石,玛西斜坡夏子街扇和黄阳泉扇砾岩储层自生绿泥石缺乏,以浊沸石胶结为特点。不同母岩性质砾岩体在埋藏成岩演化过程发育不同的成岩序列;3)砾岩储层质量与物源区母岩性质关系密切,玛东斜坡自生绿泥石和浊沸石的析出导致储层胶结程度高、整体致密,储层质量取决于后期裂缝的改造。玛西斜坡缺乏自生绿泥石,浊沸石的析出抵抗了储层压实作用,保存了少量原生孔隙,为后期酸性流体的注入和浊沸石的溶蚀提供了可能。其中构造高部位浊沸石溶蚀程度高,储层质量好。

深层火山碎屑熔岩形成机理及其指相意义研究：以松辽盆地庆深气田为例

基于不同岩性、岩相条件从根本上决定了储集空间的发育程度与规模,所以找火山岩的储层集中表现为火山岩相、亚相的识别。文中以松辽盆地庆深气田为例,重点研究了深层火山碎屑熔岩形成机理及其在火山岩地质相和测井相识别中的意义。研究表明,火山碎屑熔岩类火山岩常见火山碎屑流、泡沫熔岩流、岩流自碎作用、近地表隐爆作用、再熔结(胶结)型5种成因类型,且不同成因火山碎屑熔岩具有明显不同的矿物岩石学特征和测井响应特征。根据其形成机理、矿物岩石学特征和FMI成像特征,认为上述5种成因类型的火山碎屑熔岩分别发育于爆发相热碎屑流亚相、介于爆发相和喷溢相之间的爆溢相、喷溢相、火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相、火山通道相火山颈亚相或近火山口相。该研究成果对于促进火山岩相、亚相的准确识别和优质储层的有效预测具有重要的指导意义。

Reformation of deep clastic reservoirs with different diagenetic intensities by microfractures during late rapid deep burial: Implications from diagenetic physical simulation of Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China

Constrained by the geological burial history of Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, the diagenetic physical simulation experiment was carried out with the low-mature sandstone samples taken from the outcrop area. Then, coupling with the regional geological data, the reformation of reservoirs with different diagenetic intensities by microfractures and the significance of microfractures for development of high-quality reservoirs were discussed. The results show that the large-scale microfractures were formed in the stage of late rapid deep burial, roughly equivalent to the period when organic acids were filled. The microfractures created good conditions for migration of oil and gas in deep and ultra-deep clastic rocks, and also enabled the transport of organic acids to the reservoirs for ensuing the late continuous dissolution of cements and particles. The existence of matrix pores and microfractures in the reservoirs before the rapid deep burial determined how the microfractures formed during rapid deep burial improved the reservoir quality. If matrix pores and microfractures were more developed and the cementation degree was lower before the rapid deep burial, the microfractures would be more developed and the dissolution degree would be higher during the late rapid deep burial, and so the reservoir quality would be improved more greatly, which can increase the reservoir permeability by up to 55%. If cementation was very strong, but matrix pores were not developed and microfractures existed locally before the rapid deep burial, the microfractures would also be more developed during the late rapid deep burial, which can increase the reservoir permeability by 43%. If cementation was strong, matrix pores were absent, and microfractures were not developed, limited microfractures would be formed during the late rapid deep burial, which can increase the reservoir permeability by only 16%. Formation of large-scale microfractures during late rapid deep burial and promotion of such microfractures to the dissolution of organic acids are considered as key diagenetic factors for the development of deep and ultra-deep high-quality reservoirs.

鄂尔多斯盆地三水河剖面上三叠统块状砂岩的异重流成因——来自岩石结构的证据

由于储层质量好、非均质性弱、成藏条件优越,深水沉积中的块状砂岩常常成为油气勘探开发的重要目标.相对具有各种交错层理等沉积构造的其他砂岩而言,块状砂岩的成因判识难度更大.因此,对块状砂岩成因机制的研究,直接影响了其沉积过程的认识,制约了其沉积模式、储层预测地质模型的重建.针对鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑县三水河剖面中发育的晚三叠世中层—巨厚层块状砂岩,利用高密度岩石样品的岩石薄片和激光粒度分析,对块状砂岩的粒度组成、粒度参数及其垂向变化特征进行研究.结果表明:1)块状砂岩为长石岩屑质极细砂—细砂岩,内部偶含漂浮状灰黑色、红褐色泥砾,底部发育球枕、沟模等沉积构造;2)块状砂岩之间及其与交错层理砂岩层之间夹薄层—极薄层灰黑色泥岩、油页岩,二者间突变接触常见;3)岩石薄片中碎屑颗粒分选差,呈棱角—次棱角状,成分及结构成熟度中等偏低;4)粒度组成上,跳跃组分与悬浮组分各占50%左右,显示底床载荷与悬浮载荷同时存在且贡献相当;5)其偏度与浊流沉积相似,但其分选略差于浊流沉积,与三角洲沉积相差更远;6)垂向上,块状砂岩内部存在多期分米级复合韵律,厚度范围为10~30 cm.综合研究区地质背景、沉积构造、微观显微结构、粒度组成及其搬运过程、沉积分异解释结果,认为该剖面块状砂岩为洪水成因的异重流沉积.该研究丰富了对深水块状砂岩成因的理解,深化了异重流沉积块状砂岩结构特征的认识,同时也为异重流沉积的判识提供了依据.

东营凹陷北带沙四上亚段砂砾岩储层物性主控因素分析

为明确东营凹陷北带盐家—永安地区沙四上亚段7、8砂组物性主控因素,笔者利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、压汞测试等手段及方法,进行了岩相、成岩作用、孔隙结构等方面的研究。结果显示:1)据物性及含油性的强弱程度可将7、8砂组划分为3个砂砾岩段,即较好的中厚层、相对中等的夹砂层和较差的厚层砂砾岩段。2)夹砂层砂砾岩段物性的主控因素是成岩作用,砂砾岩厚度与上下泥岩厚度之比(砂泥厚度比)和距砂泥接触界面的距离控制着胶结作用的强弱,当砂泥厚度比为0.80~1.00且距砂泥界面距离>3.00m时,胶结作用弱,储层物性好。3)中厚层砂砾岩段物性受沉积与成岩作用共同控制,本次研究提出一种适用于研究该段的储层物性主控因素的参数R_(s)(储层品质评价参数),当R_(s)>0.05时,沉积作用是储层物性的主要控制因素且产生积极效应;当0<R_(s)≤0.05时,沉积作用对储层物性为负面影响,胶结作用对储层物性的影响形同“双刃剑”,砂泥厚度比>0.80时,储层物性好,反之储层物性较差。4)厚层砂砾岩段物性主控因素是沉积作用,当杂基体积分数为2.00%~6.00%时,储层物性相对较好。

高频旋回地层约束下的湖相页岩有机质富集规律:以东营凹陷古近系沙三下亚段为例

与古气候和古环境息息相关的有机质发育特征的高精度预测,是油气地质研究的核心和难点,对中—低勘探程度沉积盆地常规油气或中高勘探程度沉积盆地中非常规油气的高效评价部署具有重要意义。本研究利用旋回地层学、地球化学技术,通过东营凹陷FY1井古近系沙河街组三段下亚段的高频旋回地层划分和古环境、古气候、有机质地球化学、矿物学分析,探索陆相泥页岩有机质在不同尺度旋回地层中的富集规律。结果表明:(1)在东营凹陷古近系沙三下亚段中识别出2个1.2 Ma超长斜率旋回、5个400 ka长偏心率旋回、21个96 ka短偏心率旋回、42个51 ka斜率旋回、103个19 ka岁差旋回。结合前期研究成果,以1.2 Ma、400 ka、96 ka波形曲线为依据,识别出2个长期、6个中期、21个短期基准面旋回;(2)东营凹陷沙三下亚段沉积时期古环境恢复与TOC数据对比分析证明,古气候演化与有机质富集之间基本同步,均受控于天文旋回,即超长斜率增大或长偏心率增大时期,气候温暖湿润,基准面升高,地层还原性增强,有利于有机质富集;(3)有机质的富集主要取决于古气候温暖湿润程度控制的古生产力和湖盆水体深度控制的有机质保存环境,长期与中期尺度旋回对有机质富集的控制程度高于短期旋回,因此在长期、中期尺度上,可以旋回波形曲线为依据进行古环境恢复和富有机质层的厘定。

四棵树凹陷清水河组测井成岩相识别与储层评价

以准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷下白垩统清水河组辫状河三角洲碎屑岩为研究对象,采用岩心观察、岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜和压汞实验等方法分析成岩作用特征;根据岩心成岩相测井响应关系,进行测井成岩相识别和储层评价。结果表明:四棵树凹陷清水河组主要发育长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩,储集空间类型丰富,非均质性较强,既存在粗孔喉、连通性较好的粒间孔隙,为储层主要储集空间类型,也存在细微孔喉、低渗透率的粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,属于特低孔—特低渗、超低孔—超低渗储层。研究区识别4类成岩相,其中强压实致密相多见蚀变凝灰质充填,发育于河道边缘薄层砂岩;钙质(铁泥质)致密胶结相集中发育于河道主体厚层砂岩的顶底部,孔喉结构较差;凝灰质致密充填相发育于分布最广的弱动力环境,粒间杂基多而物性差;欠压实溶蚀相主要发育于水下分流河道,排替压力较低、孔隙结构最好。自然伽马、声波时差、密度、中子测井及电阻率多元统计结果平均判识率达80.6%。该结果为取心井测井成岩相的研究和优质储层发育规律的认识、有利储层发育带的评价和优选提供支持。

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷碎屑流主控型深水体系沉积过程及模式

【研究目的】碎屑流是深水环境沉积物搬运和分散的重要机制,其相关的砂岩储层是含油气盆地重要的勘探目标,然而,与经典浊流及浊积系统相比,对碎屑流主控型深水体系的发育规律目前仍知之甚少。【研究方法】本文基于岩心、测井及全三维地震资料,通过系统的岩心观察描述、测井及地震资料解释,对渤海湾盆地东营凹陷始新统沙三中亚段深水体系沉积过程及模式开展研究。【研究结果】结果表明,沙三中深水体系发育九种异地搬运岩相,可概括为四大成因类型,反映了块体及流体两种搬运过程。岩相定量统计表明,该深水体系主要由碎屑流沉积构成,浊流沉积很少,碎屑流中又以砂质碎屑流为主。重力流在搬运过程中经历了滑动、滑塌、砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流及浊流等5个阶段演变,发育5类主要的深水沉积单元,包括滑动体、滑塌体、碎屑流水道、碎屑流朵体及浊积薄层砂。从发育规模及储层物性上,砂质碎屑流水道、朵体及砂质滑动体构成了本区最重要的深水储层类型。【结论】认为沙三中时期充足的物源供给、三角洲前缘高沉积速率、断陷期频繁的断层活动以及较短的搬运距离是碎屑流主控型深水体系形成及演化的主控因素,最终基于沉积过程、沉积样式及盆地地貌特征综合建立了碎屑流主控型深水体系沉积模式。本研究将进一步丰富深水沉积理论,为陆相深水储层预测提供借鉴。

玛湖凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组沸石成因及溶蚀机制

为研究玛湖凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组沸石成因及溶蚀机制,开展了岩石薄片鉴定、荧光分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜观察、电子探针分析、能谱分析和包裹体测试。结果表明:①研究区沸石族矿物以浊沸石为主,片沸石次之,偶见方沸石、斜发沸石和辉沸石,沸石既有高温成因类型,也有低温成因类型。②沸石成因主要包括2类:早成岩期以火山物质蚀变为主,该类沸石胶结的岩心多疏松易散;晚成岩期以孔隙水结晶为主,岩心多致密。片沸石、方沸石、斜发沸石和辉沸石成因以凝灰质的蚀变为主,浊沸石成因既有凝灰质蚀变,又包括孔隙水结晶成因。③平面上,沸石类型及含量分布特征受控于沉积相带,溶蚀差异则受控于有机酸的供给。浊沸石多发育于扇三角洲前缘厚层粗粒砂砾岩中,片沸石多发育于扇三角洲平原前端富含凝灰质砾岩中。在接近深水区烃源岩发育区的三角洲前缘部位或裂缝发育带附近的砂砾岩储层中,浊沸石溶蚀程度高,优质储层发育。该研究成果对含沸石族储层研究和玛湖凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组油气勘探均具有指导作用。