页岩油微运移识别、评价及其石油地质意义

以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组页岩为例,综合岩心观察、测试分析、地质剖析和数值模拟等方法,识别页岩层系石油微运移现象,采用自主研发的排烃潜力法定量评价页岩油微运移烃量并进行了可靠性验证,指出页岩油微运移评价的石油地质意义。研究表明:页岩层系富有机质纹层和贫有机质纹层之间存在明显的页岩油微运移,富有机质纹层生烃能力强,生成烃类的重质组分优先与干酪根溶胀或吸附滞留,轻组分以游离态运移到与其互层的长英质或碳酸盐贫有机质纹层富集;玛页1井风城组69%的页岩存在外来运移烃的充注,31%的页岩发生了排烃作用。综合基于地质色层效应的族组分、二维核磁共振以及无机锰元素在烃类运移过程中的地球化学行为等分析,验证了微运移评价结果的可靠性;微运移是连接页岩层系各个油气聚集要素的桥梁,贯穿页岩油从生成、排出到富集的全过程,影响页岩油的含量和组分。页岩油微运移识别与评价结果,将为揭示页岩油动态差异富集机制、建立页岩“多级生油高峰”模式提供新视角。

Identification and evaluation of shale oil micromigration and its petroleum geological significance

Taking the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin,NW China,as an example,core observation,test analysis,geological analysis and numerical simulation were applied to identify the shale oil micro-migration phenomenon.The hydrocarbon micro-migration in shale oil was quantitatively evaluated and verified by a self-created hydrocarbon expulsion potential method,and the petroleum geological significance of shale oil micro-migration evaluation was determined.Results show that significant micro-migration can be recognized between the organic-rich lamina and organic-poor lamina.The organic-rich lamina has strong hydrocarbon generation ability.The heavy components of hydrocarbon preferentially retained by kerogen swelling or adsorption,while the light components of hydrocarbon were migrated and accumulated to the interbedded felsic or carbonate organic-poor laminae as free oil.About 69% of the Fengcheng Formation shale samples in Well MY1 exhibit hydrocarbon charging phenomenon,while 31% of those exhibit hydrocarbon expulsion phenomenon.The reliability of the micro-migration evaluation results was verified by combining the group components based on the geochromatography effect,two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and the geochemical behavior of inorganic manganese elements in the process of hydrocarbon migration.Micro-migration is a bridge connecting the hydrocarbon accumulation elements in shale formations,which reflects the whole process of shale oil generation,expulsion and accumulation,and controls the content and composition of shale oil.The identification and evaluation of shale oil micro-migration will provide new perspectives for dynamically differential enrichment mechanism of shale oil and establishing a“multi-peak model in oil generation”of shale.

普光地区深层碳酸盐岩气藏主控因素及有利区预测

普光地区深层海相地层是川东北地区重点勘探目标,现已发现普光、大湾等6个含油气区块,勘探前景较好,但随着多口探井连续失利,亟需加强对普光地区气藏特征及成藏条件的重新认识。为此,利用测井、地震、岩心描述、分析测试等资料对普光地区气藏类型及其主控因素进行分析。结果表明:研究区发育背斜类、背斜-岩性类、断层-岩性类3种气藏类型。气藏发育主要受4种因素控制,烃源岩有机质丰度高,生气强度大,生气范围广;镶边台地沉积环境下,储层主要发育生屑、鲕粒等白云岩,储集类型以孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型、孔洞型为主,物性较好(平均孔隙度为8.20%,平均渗透率为79.50 mD);盖层岩性以膏盐岩为主,膏盐岩平均厚度在290 m以上,分布范围广;5条北东向大型断裂及多条北西向断裂构成普光地区油气运移的主要疏导体系。在此基础上,划分出4类成藏有利区,最有利区位于普光、毛坝、大湾区块。该研究可对普光地区深层碳酸盐岩油气下一步勘探开发提供理论指导和技术支持。

CaCO_(3)结晶对束丝藻水华原水的同步控藻除嗅

为实现束丝藻水华原水中藻细胞和致嗅物质二甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的同步去除,文章采用CaCO_(3)结晶进行同步控藻除嗅,考察了Ca;投加量对同步控藻除嗅效果的影响,并结合结晶产物镜检、ζ电位和XRD分析,探讨了CaCO_(3)结晶同步控藻除嗅机制。结果表明,CaCO_(3)结晶对柔细束丝藻细胞的去除以结晶颗粒及其团聚体的网捕卷扫为主,对2-MIB的去除以吸附电中和为主,实验条件下束丝藻和2-MIB的最大去除率分别为(93.7%±1.7%)和(82.0%±4.7%)。随着Ca;投加量的增加,上清液pH降低,结晶产物ζ电位由负变正,这有助于2-MIB和浊度物质的去除。CaCO_(3)结晶体系经3 mg/L聚合氯化铝混凝后,2-MIB和浊度物质去除率得到显著提升。含藻水中CaCO_(3)结晶产物晶型为方解石,主要以团聚体形式在柔细束丝藻丝体表面团聚。研究成果可为束丝藻水华原水的同步控藻除嗅提供新思路。

深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏地质特征、形成条件及成藏模式——以墨西哥湾盆地为例

深层与超深层作为当前墨西哥湾盆地油气勘探的热点领域,具有巨大的油气资源潜力,分析深层—超深层油气藏的地质特征、形成条件及其成藏模式对于明确深层—超深层油气藏的分布规律具有重要意义。与中层—浅层相比,墨西哥湾盆地深层—超深层具有较低的地温梯度和较高的压力梯度,发育大量高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏。不均衡压实成因型超压是深部高孔高渗碎屑岩储层形成和油气富集的主要原因,其与浮力共同构成深部油气运移的主要动力。盆地北部和南部的沿海平原、陆架和陆坡发育区域性厚层状盐岩层。盐岩变形诱导邻近地层发育一系列断层、形成多种构造圈闭,为深层—超深层油气提供了极好的运移通道和聚集场所。墨西哥湾盆地深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气成藏与不均衡压实型超压和区域性厚层状盐岩发育密切相关,表现为"高压驱动、高孔高渗聚集、高点赋存和高位封盖"的成藏模式。被动大陆边缘盆地盐下探区是深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏的有利发育区和勘探热点区。