Lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are conducive to regional permafrost development

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)possesses the largest areas of permafrost in the midand low latitude regions on the earth and many large lakes in the permafrost area.Based on a comprehensive investigation around certain typical lakes,this study found that although the presence of lakes formed different ranges of unfrozen zones in permafrost,the heating effect of lake water on surrounding permafrost is limited to a small extent.The temperature of permafrost around the lake is closely related to the distance to the lake and the ice content of the permafrost.Around lakes are ice-rich permafrost zones and permafrost temperature in this area is significantly lower than that far away from the lake,which indicates that the existence of lakes in the QTP has special effect on the permafrost distribution.Based on the monitoring results,this study presents the typical distribution pattern of the permafrost around large lakes and discusses the reasons for the distribution pattern.Due to the huge area of lakes and the significant impact of lakes on permafrost distribution,it is suggested to re-estimate the total permafrost area and underground ice storage in the QTP.

Large-scale characteristics of thermokarst lakes across the source area of the Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

As significant evidence of permafrost degradation,thermokarst lakes play an important role in the permafrost regions by regulating hydrology,ecology,and biogeochemistry.In the Sources Area of the Yellow River(SAYR),permafrost degradation has accelerated since the 1980s,and numerous thermokarst lakes have been discovered.In this paper,we use Sentinel-2 images to extract thermokarst lake boundaries and perform a regional-scale study on their geometry across the permafrost region in the SAYR.We also explored the spatiotemporal variations and potential drivers from the perspectives of the permafrost,climate,terrain and vegetation conditions.The results showed that there were 47,518 thermokarst lakes in 2021 with a total area of 190.22×106 m^(2),with an average size of 4,003.3 m^(2).The 44,928 ponds(≤10,000 m^(2))predominated the whole lake number(94.1%)but contributed to a small portion of the total lake area(28.8%).With 2,590 features(5.9%),small-sized(10,000 to 100,000 m^(2))and large-sized lakes(>100,000 m^(2))constituted up to 71.2%of the total lake area.Thermokarst lakes developed more significantly in warm permafrost regions than in cold permafrost areas;74.1%of lakes with a total area of 119.6×106 m^(2)(62.9%),were distributed in warm permafrost regions.Most thermokarst lakes were likely to develop within the elevation range of 4,500~4,800 m,on flat terrain(slope<10°),on SE and S aspects and in alpine meadow areas.The thermokarst lakes in the study region experienced significant shrinkage between 1990 and 2021,characterized by obvious lake drainage;the lake numbers decreased by 5418(56.1%),with a decreasing area of 58.63×106 m^(2)(49.0%).This shrinkage of the thermokarst lake area was attributable mainly to the intensified degradation of rich-ice permafrost thawing arising from continued climate warming,despite the wetting climatic trend.

封闭负压引流装置联合中厚皮片移植治疗足部碾压伤

目的观察封闭负压引流装置(VSD)联合中厚皮片移植治疗足部软组织碾压伤的临床疗效。方法选取我科2014年7月-2018年4月收治23例足部碾压伤患者,通过早期予彻底清除,创面采用VSD覆盖,待创面肉芽组织满意后,大腿及腹部取中厚游离皮片对创面进行修复。结果 2例患者因肌腱、骨组织外露严重,不能达到良好肉芽覆盖,改皮瓣治疗,15例患者皮片成活95%以上,6例成活90%,未愈合部分通过加强换药,局部应用去腐生肌类中成药膏后全部愈合。供区皮肤均一期愈合。随访6-12个月,皮肤缺损处皮片愈合良好,皮肤色泽可。结论 VSD联合中厚皮片移植治疗足部碾压伤,可以满意修复创面,成活率高,再手术率低,足部外形满意。

Dynamic changes in lakes in the Hoh Xil region before and after the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake

Zonag, Kusai, Hedin Noel and Yanhu Lakes are independent inland lakes in the Hoh Xil region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In September2011, Zonag Lake burst after the water level had increased for many years. Floods flowed through Kusai and Hedin Noel Lakes into Yanhu Lake; since then, the four small endorheic catchments merged into one larger catchment. This hydrological process caused the rapid shrinkage of Zonag Lake and continuous expansion of Yanhu Lake. In this study,based on satellite images, meteorological data and field investigations, we examined the dynamic changes in the four lakes and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed that before 2011, the trends in the four lake areas were similar and displayed several stages. The change in the area of Zonag Lake corresponded well to the change in annual precipitation(AP), but the magnitude of the change was less than that of a non-glacier-fed lake. Although increased precipitation was the dominant factor that caused Zonag Lake to expand, increased glacier melting and permafrost thawing due to climate warming also had significant effects. After the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake, due to the increasing AP and accelerating glacier melting, the increases in water volume of the three lakes were absorbed by Yanhu Lake, and Yanhu Lake expanded considerably. According to the rapid growth rates in water level and lake area, Yanhu Lake is likely to burst in 1-2 years.

厦门地区朱红毛斑蛾的发生情况

朱红毛斑蛾(Phauda flammans)是榕属(Ficus)植物重要的食叶害虫。调查发现,朱红毛斑蛾在厦门市辖区内已广泛分布,主要为害小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)和垂榕(F.benjamina),对高山榕(F.altissima)和黄金榕(F.microcarpa‘Golden Leaves’)也有少量为害。朱红毛斑蛾在厦门一年发生3代,1、2、3代低龄幼虫施药防治适期分别是5月上旬、7月中旬和10月中旬。

基于职业教育类型特征的“三段进阶”结构化能力体系构建与实践路径

职业教育是面向能力的实践教育,学生既要掌握专业技能,还需形成跨界持续发展能力:基础通用能力、专业核心能力和迁移转岗能力。这三种能力形成“三段进阶”结构化能力体系,契合了职业教育以技术知识为核心的类型特征。培育职业教育学生“三段进阶”结构化能力体系可通过构建“平台+模块”课程体系,产学训创融合、岗课赛证融通的实践体系予以实现。

坐位局麻下行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的临床应用

目的比较局部麻醉下采取坐位以及全身麻醉下采取俯卧位进行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的差异,探讨坐位局麻下行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2022年2月河南理工大学第一附属医院93例行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者的病历资料,根据术中麻醉方式和体位分为坐位局麻组(37例)和俯卧位全麻组(56例)。比较两组患者之间的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院费用、VAS评分和JOA评分;比较坐位局麻组患者术前和术中心率、血压。结果相比俯卧位全麻,坐位局麻下行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,手术时间较短、术中出血少、住院费用显著减少,且术后转入ICU的发生率较低(P<0.05)。术后3月和1年坐位局麻组的VAS评分显著低于俯卧位全麻组(P<0.05);术后3月和1年坐位局麻组的JOA评分显著高于俯卧位全麻组(P<0.05)。结论坐位局麻下行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术具有缩短手术时间、减少术中出血、术后转入ICU发生率低、减少患者经济支出和负担等优势,为临床医生提供了一种安全高效经济的手术方式选择,尤其适用于不能或不愿接受全麻手术,经济困难的患者。