Three Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis strains,including wild type and high-temperature-resistant cultivars 981 and 2007,were studied with the changes in their photosynthetic pigment contents and related gene transcriptio...Three Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis strains,including wild type and high-temperature-resistant cultivars 981 and 2007,were studied with the changes in their photosynthetic pigment contents and related gene transcription levels under different light intensities(10,60,100,and 200μmolm^(−2)s^(−1)).The three G.lemaneiformis strains had the following photosynthetic pigments with high-to-low contents:phycoerythrin(PE),phycocyanin(PC),allophycocyanin(APC),and chlorophyll a(Chl a).Among the three strains,cultivar 981 had the highest PE content,followed by cultivar 2007.The PC and APC contents were similar among the three strains,but they were higher in cultivars 981 and 2007 than in the wild type.The Chl a contents in the three G.lemaneiformis strains were equal.A low light intensity(10μmolm^(−2)s^(−1))promoted photosynthetic pigment accumulation in G.lemaneiformis and improved the relative PE gene transcription(peA and peB)in a short period(≤6 d).A high light intensity decreased the PE content.PebA and PebB,which catalyzed phycoerythrobilin synthesis,showed no compensatory upregulation at a low light intensity among the strains except for the wild type.At a high light intensity,transcription levels of pebA and pebB in the three strains were upregulated.This study provided an experimental basis for elucidating the photosynthesis of G.lemaneiformis.As key genes of algal growth,photo-synthesis-related genes served as useful gene markers for screening elite varieties with good traits in breeding.Cultivar 2007 was superior to cultivar 981 in terms of maintaining high pigment levels in a wide range of light intensities,which is the most suitable for aquaculture.展开更多
Changes of the net ocean surface heat flux（Q_（net）） into the tropical Indian Ocean（TIO） may be an indicator of the climate changes in the Asia and Indian–Pacific Ocean regions with the steadily warming trend in...Changes of the net ocean surface heat flux（Q_（net）） into the tropical Indian Ocean（TIO） may be an indicator of the climate changes in the Asia and Indian–Pacific Ocean regions with the steadily warming trend in the TIO since the 1950 s. Using two observational ocean surface flux products,this letter evaluates the historical simulations of Q_（net） over the TIO during 1984–2005 in two versions of FGOALS, from CMIP5. The results show that both models present a basin-wide underestimation of net surface heat flux, possibly resulting from the positive latent heat flux biases extending over almost the entire TIO basin. Both models share an Indian Ocean dipole-like bias in the net surface heat flux, consistent with precipitation, SST, and subsurface ocean temperature biases, which can be traced to errors in the South Asian summer monsoon. Area-averaged annual time series analyses of the surface heat budget imply that the FGOALS-s2 bias lies more in radiative imbalance, illustrating the need to improve cloud simulation; while the FGOALS-g2 bias presents ocean surface turbulence flux as the key process, requiring improvement in the simulation of oceanic processes. Neither FGOALS-g2 nor FGOALS-s2 can capture the decreasing tendency of Q_（net） well. All observed and simulated datasets imply surface latent heat flux as the primary contributing component, indicating the simulation biases of models may derive mainly from the biases in simulating latent heat flux. A small latent heat flux increase in models can be considered to be slowed by relaxed wind, increased stability, and surface relative humidity.展开更多
【目的】分析初生重、乳头数、测定场区、胎次、出生年份和出生季节等因素对大白猪生长性状的影响,并对主要生长性状的遗传参数进行估计,为大白猪群体的遗传改良提供参考。【方法】收集1024头法系大白母猪的生长测定数据,包括100 kg平...【目的】分析初生重、乳头数、测定场区、胎次、出生年份和出生季节等因素对大白猪生长性状的影响,并对主要生长性状的遗传参数进行估计,为大白猪群体的遗传改良提供参考。【方法】收集1024头法系大白母猪的生长测定数据,包括100 kg平均日增重(average daily gain to 100 kg,ADG)、达100 kg体重日龄(age at 100 kg live weight,AGE)、达100 kg体重校正背膘厚(backfat adjusted to 100 kg,BF)和达100 kg体重校正眼肌面积(loin muscle area adjusted to 100 kg,LMA),利用一般线性模型分析固定效应对大白猪生长性状的影响;利用DMU软件的单性状动物模型估计生长性状的方差组分和遗传力;利用多性状动物模型估计各生长性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。【结果】大白猪生长性状中ADG、AGE、BF和LMA的群体平均值分别为590.26 g、168.20 d、9.46 mm和33.29 cm^(2),其中AGE(P=0.057)和LMA(P=0.106)符合正态性检验,ADG和BF近似正态分布;测定场区、出生年份和出生季节对大白猪各生长性状影响显著(P<0.05;P<0.01),胎次和初生重对AGE和ADG影响显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。大白猪生长性状估计遗传力介于0.277~0.422之间,属于中高遗传力性状;遗传相关系数在―0.996~0.346之间。【结论】测定场区、出生年份、出生季节、胎次和初生重对大白猪多个生长性状具有显著影响,生长性状的遗传力和性状间的遗传相关可为大白猪群体后续的育种工作提供一定指导。展开更多
为解决现有安全帽和反光衣检测模型对小目标和复杂天气中目标检测精度低、环境干扰因素大、难以在性能一般移动设备部署等问题,设计实现一种改进YOLOv8安全装备检测模型YOLOv8-DSI。首先,设计基于残差思想和并行空洞卷积的DR-SPPF模块,...为解决现有安全帽和反光衣检测模型对小目标和复杂天气中目标检测精度低、环境干扰因素大、难以在性能一般移动设备部署等问题,设计实现一种改进YOLOv8安全装备检测模型YOLOv8-DSI。首先,设计基于残差思想和并行空洞卷积的DR-SPPF模块,进一步扩大感受野且不损失图像分辨率,显著提升复杂天气检测精度;其次,在特征融合阶段设计结构轻量特征金字塔网络ST-BiFPN,进一步减小模型参数量,实现高效多尺度特征融合;最后,引入Inner-ShapeIoU损失函数,使得边界框回归更加准确,增强检测效果。在自建数据集上,相较于基线模型mAP50和mAP50:95分别提升了2.1%和4.7%,而模型参数量仅为2.4 M,计算量仅为7.3 G,分别降低了10.9%和20.0%。最终将改进模型部署到Jetson Orin Nano边缘设备,通过在开发板实际运行证明,改进后模型在复杂场景下有效性和可应用性。展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.31872555)the China Agri-culture Research System(No.CARS-50)the Key Pro-gram of Science and Technology Innovation Ningbo(No.2019B10009).
文摘Three Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis strains,including wild type and high-temperature-resistant cultivars 981 and 2007,were studied with the changes in their photosynthetic pigment contents and related gene transcription levels under different light intensities(10,60,100,and 200μmolm^(−2)s^(−1)).The three G.lemaneiformis strains had the following photosynthetic pigments with high-to-low contents:phycoerythrin(PE),phycocyanin(PC),allophycocyanin(APC),and chlorophyll a(Chl a).Among the three strains,cultivar 981 had the highest PE content,followed by cultivar 2007.The PC and APC contents were similar among the three strains,but they were higher in cultivars 981 and 2007 than in the wild type.The Chl a contents in the three G.lemaneiformis strains were equal.A low light intensity(10μmolm^(−2)s^(−1))promoted photosynthetic pigment accumulation in G.lemaneiformis and improved the relative PE gene transcription(peA and peB)in a short period(≤6 d).A high light intensity decreased the PE content.PebA and PebB,which catalyzed phycoerythrobilin synthesis,showed no compensatory upregulation at a low light intensity among the strains except for the wild type.At a high light intensity,transcription levels of pebA and pebB in the three strains were upregulated.This study provided an experimental basis for elucidating the photosynthesis of G.lemaneiformis.As key genes of algal growth,photo-synthesis-related genes served as useful gene markers for screening elite varieties with good traits in breeding.Cultivar 2007 was superior to cultivar 981 in terms of maintaining high pigment levels in a wide range of light intensities,which is the most suitable for aquaculture.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2012CB417403]State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences[project number LTO1502]
文摘Changes of the net ocean surface heat flux（Q_（net）） into the tropical Indian Ocean（TIO） may be an indicator of the climate changes in the Asia and Indian–Pacific Ocean regions with the steadily warming trend in the TIO since the 1950 s. Using two observational ocean surface flux products,this letter evaluates the historical simulations of Q_（net） over the TIO during 1984–2005 in two versions of FGOALS, from CMIP5. The results show that both models present a basin-wide underestimation of net surface heat flux, possibly resulting from the positive latent heat flux biases extending over almost the entire TIO basin. Both models share an Indian Ocean dipole-like bias in the net surface heat flux, consistent with precipitation, SST, and subsurface ocean temperature biases, which can be traced to errors in the South Asian summer monsoon. Area-averaged annual time series analyses of the surface heat budget imply that the FGOALS-s2 bias lies more in radiative imbalance, illustrating the need to improve cloud simulation; while the FGOALS-g2 bias presents ocean surface turbulence flux as the key process, requiring improvement in the simulation of oceanic processes. Neither FGOALS-g2 nor FGOALS-s2 can capture the decreasing tendency of Q_（net） well. All observed and simulated datasets imply surface latent heat flux as the primary contributing component, indicating the simulation biases of models may derive mainly from the biases in simulating latent heat flux. A small latent heat flux increase in models can be considered to be slowed by relaxed wind, increased stability, and surface relative humidity.
文摘【目的】分析初生重、乳头数、测定场区、胎次、出生年份和出生季节等因素对大白猪生长性状的影响,并对主要生长性状的遗传参数进行估计,为大白猪群体的遗传改良提供参考。【方法】收集1024头法系大白母猪的生长测定数据,包括100 kg平均日增重(average daily gain to 100 kg,ADG)、达100 kg体重日龄(age at 100 kg live weight,AGE)、达100 kg体重校正背膘厚(backfat adjusted to 100 kg,BF)和达100 kg体重校正眼肌面积(loin muscle area adjusted to 100 kg,LMA),利用一般线性模型分析固定效应对大白猪生长性状的影响;利用DMU软件的单性状动物模型估计生长性状的方差组分和遗传力;利用多性状动物模型估计各生长性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。【结果】大白猪生长性状中ADG、AGE、BF和LMA的群体平均值分别为590.26 g、168.20 d、9.46 mm和33.29 cm^(2),其中AGE(P=0.057)和LMA(P=0.106)符合正态性检验,ADG和BF近似正态分布;测定场区、出生年份和出生季节对大白猪各生长性状影响显著(P<0.05;P<0.01),胎次和初生重对AGE和ADG影响显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。大白猪生长性状估计遗传力介于0.277~0.422之间,属于中高遗传力性状;遗传相关系数在―0.996~0.346之间。【结论】测定场区、出生年份、出生季节、胎次和初生重对大白猪多个生长性状具有显著影响,生长性状的遗传力和性状间的遗传相关可为大白猪群体后续的育种工作提供一定指导。
文摘为解决现有安全帽和反光衣检测模型对小目标和复杂天气中目标检测精度低、环境干扰因素大、难以在性能一般移动设备部署等问题,设计实现一种改进YOLOv8安全装备检测模型YOLOv8-DSI。首先,设计基于残差思想和并行空洞卷积的DR-SPPF模块,进一步扩大感受野且不损失图像分辨率,显著提升复杂天气检测精度;其次,在特征融合阶段设计结构轻量特征金字塔网络ST-BiFPN,进一步减小模型参数量,实现高效多尺度特征融合;最后,引入Inner-ShapeIoU损失函数,使得边界框回归更加准确,增强检测效果。在自建数据集上,相较于基线模型mAP50和mAP50:95分别提升了2.1%和4.7%,而模型参数量仅为2.4 M,计算量仅为7.3 G,分别降低了10.9%和20.0%。最终将改进模型部署到Jetson Orin Nano边缘设备,通过在开发板实际运行证明,改进后模型在复杂场景下有效性和可应用性。
