将蒽醌作为构筑单元设计合成了醌基功能化的新型2,6-二氨基蒽醌共价有机框架(DAAQ-COF).粉末X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、红外和热重等分析结果表明,DAAQ-COF具有高的结晶度和比表面积(577m^2/g).此外,醌基功能化的无金属DAAQ-COF显示出...将蒽醌作为构筑单元设计合成了醌基功能化的新型2,6-二氨基蒽醌共价有机框架(DAAQ-COF).粉末X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、红外和热重等分析结果表明,DAAQ-COF具有高的结晶度和比表面积(577m^2/g).此外,醌基功能化的无金属DAAQ-COF显示出高的析氧反应(OER)活性(10 m A/cm^2下,过电位389m V,Tafel斜率135 m V/dec).这源于引入的醌基基团有效改变了COF框架的电子结构和化学特性,加上COF材料本身的高结晶度和比表面积,使得反应物能更有效地与活性位点接触,从而促进OER进程.这些结果表明合理地设计功能化的COF材料能够进一步推动此类材料在电催化领域的应用.展开更多
We analyzed the N20 content of surface seawater sampled from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, on a cruise track between 30°S and 30°N during the twenty-second Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition during aust...We analyzed the N20 content of surface seawater sampled from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, on a cruise track between 30°S and 30°N during the twenty-second Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition during austral summer, 2006. The surface water showed an average pN20 value of 311.9a：7.6 nL.L-1 （14.1：t：0.4 nmol-Ll）, which was slightly undersaturated. The air-sea N2O flux in the region was -0.3±0.8 p.mol.mE,dl; howeveh N20 in the surface water was oversaturated in most stations along the cruise track. Saturation anomalies were greater than 10%, with a maximum of 54.7% being observed at the Eqaator, followed by 31% at 10°N in the Sulu Sea. The air-sea fluxes at these locations were 12.4 and 4 μmol-mLd-1, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that surface water in Prydz Bay was near equilibrium with atmospheric N20, and that ocean waters in lower latitudes acted as a N20 source. Physical processes such as stratification, ice-melt water dilution, and solar radiation dominate the factors leading to N20 saturation of surface water of Prydz Bay, while biological production and upwelling are primarily responsible for the N20 oversaturation of surface water observed in subtropical and tropical regions along the cruise track.展开更多
女儿河是小凌河的最大支流,从西南向东北流经兴城、连山、南票等地后于锦州市注入小凌河,全长134km,总面积1490 km 2。以锦州市女儿河为例,采用MIKE11模型和水质实测数据进行参数率定及建模检验,并系统分析典型组合方案的净化效果,然后...女儿河是小凌河的最大支流,从西南向东北流经兴城、连山、南票等地后于锦州市注入小凌河,全长134km,总面积1490 km 2。以锦州市女儿河为例,采用MIKE11模型和水质实测数据进行参数率定及建模检验,并系统分析典型组合方案的净化效果,然后结合女儿河现状确定自然护岸+木桩与生态湿地方案最优。结果表明:该水生态数学模型可为定量化优选河道生态修复方案提供一种新的方法和途径。展开更多
Microplastics,plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size,are a growing source of environmental pollution.Microplastic pollution has been observed in situ in the remote Arctic,where it has been found in the land,sea,c...Microplastics,plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size,are a growing source of environmental pollution.Microplastic pollution has been observed in situ in the remote Arctic,where it has been found in the land,sea,cryosphere,and atmosphere.This review summarizes the sample pretreatment techniques and analytical methods commonly used in microplastic research,as well as the pollution status of microplastics in the Arctic,their sources,and their effects on the environment.In the Arctic,the size distribution of microplastics is more inclined to small-scale aggregation,the shape of microplastics is mostly fibrous,with the proportion of fibers often accounting for more than 70%.There are marked differences among studies in terms of abundance and polymer composition,but polyester is generally dominant in seawater.Many microplastic particles are transported to the Arctic by ocean currents and rivers,but atmospheric transport and deposition are slowly being recognized as an important transport route.Sea ice is particularly important for the temporary storage,transport,and release of Arctic microplastics.The average storage of microplastics in sea ice was estimated to be approximately 6.1×108 items.Given their properties,microplastics can affect glacier melting,sea surface temperature changes,and even the carbon cycle.Urgent measures must be taken to improve research standards and overcome sampling difficulties in the Arctic region to achieve time continuity and large-scale distribution patterns of Arctic microplastics.展开更多
The Southern Ocean(SO)plays an important role in the global climate system.Changes in SO biogeochemistry and marine ecosystems may influence the distribution of atmospheric aerosols and clouds and impact the climate s...The Southern Ocean(SO)plays an important role in the global climate system.Changes in SO biogeochemistry and marine ecosystems may influence the distribution of atmospheric aerosols and clouds and impact the climate system.We reviewed current knowledge on the interactions between marine aerosols and clouds over the SO.We focused on marine primary and secondary organic aerosols and summarized their characteristics,processes and roles as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.We described in detail the interactions between the marine ecosystem,aerosols and clouds.We discussed marine productivity,formation of marine biogenic aerosols and interactions between aerosols,clouds and climate.We explored the impact of climate change on SO marine ecosystem productivity and aerosol-cloud-climate feedback.Marine biogenic aerosols could impact the radiation budget and oceanic low-level clouds over the SO.This study contributes towards an improved understanding of marine productivity,aerosol-cloud interactions and climate change in the SO.The SO may respond to climate change in varying degrees.More studies are urgently needed to support accurate forecasts of future changes in the SO.展开更多
The ionic compositions of aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition were analyzed and the sources of ions were distinguished. Cl-, Na＋, SO2-, NO3-, and Mg2＋ were the mo...The ionic compositions of aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition were analyzed and the sources of ions were distinguished. Cl-, Na＋, SO2-, NO3-, and Mg2＋ were the most abundant ionic components in the marine aerosols. Cl- and Na＋ contributed over 70% in the total ionic composition, indicating the sea salt is still the primary composition in marine aerosols, followed by the sulfate as the secondary ionic component existed as NH4N03, NH4HSO4, （NH4）2S04. The maximal sea salt concentrations were found at around 40~S and could be attributed to greater winds. The concentrations of methane sulfonic acid （MSA） appeared increasing trend from the low to high latitudes, possibly caused by lower temperature in air and higher marine biological processes in the marginal waters in Antarctica. The correlation and factor analyzes were used to investigate possible sources of these ions. Cl-, Br-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had predominantly marine sources; while F-, NO3 and NH＋ had mostly anthropogenic sources; MSA had marine biogenic sources. The concentrations of SO42- were influenced by both marine and anthropogenic sources.展开更多
文摘将蒽醌作为构筑单元设计合成了醌基功能化的新型2,6-二氨基蒽醌共价有机框架(DAAQ-COF).粉末X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、红外和热重等分析结果表明,DAAQ-COF具有高的结晶度和比表面积(577m^2/g).此外,醌基功能化的无金属DAAQ-COF显示出高的析氧反应(OER)活性(10 m A/cm^2下,过电位389m V,Tafel斜率135 m V/dec).这源于引入的醌基基团有效改变了COF框架的电子结构和化学特性,加上COF材料本身的高结晶度和比表面积,使得反应物能更有效地与活性位点接触,从而促进OER进程.这些结果表明合理地设计功能化的COF材料能够进一步推动此类材料在电催化领域的应用.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos.40671062,41106168)the National High Technique Research & Development Program of China (Grant no.2008AA121703)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant nos.2004DIB5J178,2009DFA22920)the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Admini-stration (CAA) Cooperation Program (Grant nos.IC2010013,IC2011114,IC201201)
文摘We analyzed the N20 content of surface seawater sampled from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, on a cruise track between 30°S and 30°N during the twenty-second Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition during austral summer, 2006. The surface water showed an average pN20 value of 311.9a：7.6 nL.L-1 （14.1：t：0.4 nmol-Ll）, which was slightly undersaturated. The air-sea N2O flux in the region was -0.3±0.8 p.mol.mE,dl; howeveh N20 in the surface water was oversaturated in most stations along the cruise track. Saturation anomalies were greater than 10%, with a maximum of 54.7% being observed at the Eqaator, followed by 31% at 10°N in the Sulu Sea. The air-sea fluxes at these locations were 12.4 and 4 μmol-mLd-1, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that surface water in Prydz Bay was near equilibrium with atmospheric N20, and that ocean waters in lower latitudes acted as a N20 source. Physical processes such as stratification, ice-melt water dilution, and solar radiation dominate the factors leading to N20 saturation of surface water of Prydz Bay, while biological production and upwelling are primarily responsible for the N20 oversaturation of surface water observed in subtropical and tropical regions along the cruise track.
文摘女儿河是小凌河的最大支流,从西南向东北流经兴城、连山、南票等地后于锦州市注入小凌河,全长134km,总面积1490 km 2。以锦州市女儿河为例,采用MIKE11模型和水质实测数据进行参数率定及建模检验,并系统分析典型组合方案的净化效果,然后结合女儿河现状确定自然护岸+木桩与生态湿地方案最优。结果表明:该水生态数学模型可为定量化优选河道生态修复方案提供一种新的方法和途径。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 42006190)the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (Grant no. CHINARE2010-2020)+2 种基金the Chinese International Cooperation Projects (Grant no. 2009DFA22920) from the Ministry of Science and Technologythe Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administrationthe Third Institute of Oceanography of MNR for their support
文摘Microplastics,plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size,are a growing source of environmental pollution.Microplastic pollution has been observed in situ in the remote Arctic,where it has been found in the land,sea,cryosphere,and atmosphere.This review summarizes the sample pretreatment techniques and analytical methods commonly used in microplastic research,as well as the pollution status of microplastics in the Arctic,their sources,and their effects on the environment.In the Arctic,the size distribution of microplastics is more inclined to small-scale aggregation,the shape of microplastics is mostly fibrous,with the proportion of fibers often accounting for more than 70%.There are marked differences among studies in terms of abundance and polymer composition,but polyester is generally dominant in seawater.Many microplastic particles are transported to the Arctic by ocean currents and rivers,but atmospheric transport and deposition are slowly being recognized as an important transport route.Sea ice is particularly important for the temporary storage,transport,and release of Arctic microplastics.The average storage of microplastics in sea ice was estimated to be approximately 6.1×108 items.Given their properties,microplastics can affect glacier melting,sea surface temperature changes,and even the carbon cycle.Urgent measures must be taken to improve research standards and overcome sampling difficulties in the Arctic region to achieve time continuity and large-scale distribution patterns of Arctic microplastics.
基金supported by the following agencies:National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42006190)the Open Fund by the Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry,Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)(Grant no.GCMAC1811)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant no.19KJB170020)the Chinese Projects for Investigations and Assessments of the Arctic and Antarctic(Grant no.CHINARE2010-2020)Chinese International Cooperation Projects(Grant no.2009DFA22920)from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)。
文摘The Southern Ocean(SO)plays an important role in the global climate system.Changes in SO biogeochemistry and marine ecosystems may influence the distribution of atmospheric aerosols and clouds and impact the climate system.We reviewed current knowledge on the interactions between marine aerosols and clouds over the SO.We focused on marine primary and secondary organic aerosols and summarized their characteristics,processes and roles as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.We described in detail the interactions between the marine ecosystem,aerosols and clouds.We discussed marine productivity,formation of marine biogenic aerosols and interactions between aerosols,clouds and climate.We explored the impact of climate change on SO marine ecosystem productivity and aerosol-cloud-climate feedback.Marine biogenic aerosols could impact the radiation budget and oceanic low-level clouds over the SO.This study contributes towards an improved understanding of marine productivity,aerosol-cloud interactions and climate change in the SO.The SO may respond to climate change in varying degrees.More studies are urgently needed to support accurate forecasts of future changes in the SO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.40671062)the National High Technology Research Development Project (Grant no.2008AA121703)+2 种基金the Chinese International Cooperation Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant no.2009DFA22920)the Chinese International Cooperation Project from the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, SOA (Grant no.IC201114)the Special Fund for Marine Researches in the Public Interest(Grant no.201205013)
文摘The ionic compositions of aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition were analyzed and the sources of ions were distinguished. Cl-, Na＋, SO2-, NO3-, and Mg2＋ were the most abundant ionic components in the marine aerosols. Cl- and Na＋ contributed over 70% in the total ionic composition, indicating the sea salt is still the primary composition in marine aerosols, followed by the sulfate as the secondary ionic component existed as NH4N03, NH4HSO4, （NH4）2S04. The maximal sea salt concentrations were found at around 40~S and could be attributed to greater winds. The concentrations of methane sulfonic acid （MSA） appeared increasing trend from the low to high latitudes, possibly caused by lower temperature in air and higher marine biological processes in the marginal waters in Antarctica. The correlation and factor analyzes were used to investigate possible sources of these ions. Cl-, Br-, Na＋, K＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had predominantly marine sources; while F-, NO3 and NH＋ had mostly anthropogenic sources; MSA had marine biogenic sources. The concentrations of SO42- were influenced by both marine and anthropogenic sources.
