基于时序栅格的暴雨事件提取与追踪方法

利用长时间序列栅格数据集,基于暴雨的时空演变特征提出一种暴雨事件时空提取与追踪方法.首先在时间维度提取暴雨栅格,针对每一个时序栅格序列统计累计降水量,依据国家气象局的标准划分暴雨等级;然后在空间维度提取暴雨对象,连接具有暴雨标识的相邻空间栅格并将其矢量化,记录暴雨的时间信息、空间信息、属性信息;接着在时空维度追踪暴雨事件,以相邻时刻暴雨对象的空间拓扑相交为条件寻找前后时刻空间拓扑相交的暴雨对象,建立暴雨对象间的关系,提取出所有存在关系的暴雨对象,统计暴雨事件信息;最后利用GPM IMERG最终产品数据集、台站数据集、雷达数据集对该方法的可行性和有效性进行验证与对比分析.实验结果表明,该方法可以完整提取暴雨的动态发展过程.

A Cluster-Based Method for Marine Sensitive Object Extraction and Representation

Within the context of global change, marine sensitive factors or Marine Essential Climate Variables have been defined by many projects, and their sensitive spatial regions and time phases play significant roles in regional sea-air interactions and better understanding of their dynamic process. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based method for marine sensitive region extraction and representation. This method includes a kernel expansion algorithm for extracting marine sensitive regions, and a field-object triple form, integration of object-oriented and field-based model, for representing marine sensitive objects. Firstly, this method recognizes ENSO-related spatial patterns using empirical orthogonal decomposition of long term marine sensitive factors and correlation analysis with multiple ENSO index. The cluster kernel, defined by statistics of spatial patterns, is initialized to carry out spatial expansion and cluster mergence with spatial neighborhoods recursively, then all the related lattices with similar behavior are merged into marine sensitive regions. After this, the Field-object triple form of < O, A, F > is used to represent the marine sensitive objects, both with the discrete object with a precise extend and boundary, and the continuous field with variations dependent on spatial locations. Finally, the marine sensitive objects about sea surface temperature are extracted, represented and analyzed as a case of study, which proves the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.

Marine spatio-temporal process semantics and its applications-taking the El Nio Southern Oscilation process and Chinese rainfall anomaly as an example

Spatio-temporal semantics based on ＂object views＂ or ＂event views＂ has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects, which seriously limits the specific marine applications and knowledge discovery and data mining, so this paper proposes a hierarchical abstraction semantics with ＂marine spatio-temporal process-life span phases-evolution sequences--state units＂ and process objects included by level with ＂marine process objects--phase objects--sequence object---state objects＂ with the oceanic process characteristics into the marine process semantics. In addition, this paper designs the storage and representation of marine process objects using the backus normal forms （BNF） and abstract data type （ADT）. Base on E1 Nifio Southern Oscilation （ENSO） index and Chinese rain gauging station data, this paper also gives a case of study. The spatio-temporal analysis between ENSO process and Chinese rainfall anomalies shows that the marine spatio-temporal semantics not only can illustrate the spatial distribution of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different time scales at ENSO process, life span phases and state units, but also analyze the dynamic changes of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different life span phases or state units within ENSO evolution.

Integration technology research on marine geographical information system

It is urgent and necessary to integrate a marine geographical information system （MGIS） with marine remote sensing detection modules. On the basis of the current technology and features of applications, an open three-layer integration framework is designed. At the data layer, a two-level three-base integration mechanism based on the plug-in technology is applied; At the function layer, an integration mode based on API, DLL, EXE and COM is discussed; and at the application layer, a sharing mechanism based on the clients/service is adopted. As an example, the remote sensing integrated application information system of China＇s coastal zone and offshore （MaXplorer1. 0） with muhiecology remote sensing fusion and assimilation module, surge detection module as well as eight other thematic application modules is integrated, and the key technology of integration is discussed at different layers and in different modules. The result shows that it is possible to realize the conformity of technology and resources and to provide the incorporate technology platform for marine information operational functioning after applying the integration framework.

Uncertainty Representation of Ocean Fronts Based on Fuzzy-Rough Set Theory

Analysis of ocean fronts＇ uncertainties indicates that they result from indiscemibility of their spatial position and fuzziness of their intensity. In view of this, a flow hierarchy for uncertainty representation of ocean fronts is proposed on the basis of fuzzy-rough set theory. Firstly, raster scanning and blurring are carried out on an ocean front, and the upper and lower approximate sets, the indiscernible relation in fuzzy-rough theories and related operators in fuzzy set theories are adopted to represent its uncertainties, then they are classified into three sets： with members one hundred percent belonging to the ocean front, belonging to the ocean front＇s edge and definitely not belonging to the ocean front. Finally, the approximate precision and roughness degree are utilized to evaluate the ocean front＇s degree of uncertainties and the precision of the representation. It has been proven that the method is not only capable of representing ocean fronts＇ uncertainties, but also provides a new theory and method for uncertainty representation of other oceanic phenomena.

基于Argo剖面浮标观测的海洋溶解氧空间-质量迭代插值方法

溶解氧是探究海洋内部各种生物地球化学循环过程以及评估海洋健康的重要参数。目前,基于Argo剖面浮标的观测方式已经成为获取海洋溶解氧信息的主要来源之一,但是这种方式获取到的海洋溶解氧资料在空间上是离散分布的。如何利用空间插值方法将离散的Argo溶解氧剖面观测数据构建成连续的空间网格数据是当前研究关注的热点,本文提出了一种面向Argo溶解氧剖面观测数据的空间-质量特征的迭代插值方法(ASOSQIM)。针对观测样点空间上分布离散、不规则的特点,ASOSQIM首先对溶解氧观测数据进行空间初始化来构建初始背景场,然后对Argo溶解氧剖面观测样点进行空间异质性分区,采用空间-质量定权的方式赋予不同质量标示数据相应的权重系数来解决参与插值的数据量及其精度问题,最后利用迭代插值的思想并集成溶解氧空间分区特征和质量标识,实现了基于Argo剖面浮标观测的溶解氧浓度空间插值。利用交叉验证法和WOA18资料对ASOSQIM进行方法验证和对比分析,结果表明:(1)ASOSQIM的插值精度相比于其他空间插值方法具有大幅度的提升,与2022年同期Argo浮标溶解氧观测结果进行对比,验证了该方法的优越性和可行性;(2)利用ASOSQIM得到的溶解氧浓度插值结果与WOA18溶解氧资料具有高度一致性,溶解氧浓度绝对误差在20μmol/kg范围内的区域占比达到85%以上,表明利用该方法得到的插值结果具有可靠性。

多源地理大数据支撑下的地理事件建模与分析

地理事件作为描述地理过程的基本单元,逐渐成为地理信息科学(GIS)核心研究内容。由于受人类活动数据获取限制,GIS对地理事件的建模和分析主要关注事件所引起的地理空间要素变化及要素之间的相互影响与作用机制。然而,近年来随着基于位置服务数据(LBS)爆炸式的增长和人类活动大数据定量刻画手段的快速发展,地理事件对人类活动的影响以及公众对地理事件的网络参与度都引起了多个领域的广泛关注,对地理事件的时空认知、建模方法和分析框架提出了巨大的挑战。对此,本文首先深入分析了大数据时代地理事件的概念与分类体系;其次,基于地理事件的时空语义给出了基于图模型的事件数据建模,建立了事件本体及其次生或级联事件的"节点—边"表达结构,开展了事件自身时空演化及其前"因"后"果"的形式化描述;第三,从时空数据分析与挖掘的角度,给出了大数据时代地理事件建模与分析的整体框架,拟突破传统"地理实体空间"事件探测与分析方法的局限性,融合"虚拟空间"事件发现与传播模拟思路,实现多源地理大数据支撑下的面向地理事件的人类活动多尺度时空响应与区域差异分析;最后,本文以城市暴雨事件为例诠释了本文所提出的地理事件建模与分析方法,从城市和城市内部两个尺度进行了暴雨事件与人类活动的一致性响应及区域差异分析,得到了明确的结论,验证了前文分析框架的可行性与实用性。

过程——一种地理时空动态分析的新视角

地理世界中存在一类具有产生、发展和消亡的地理现象/对象,综合对地观测技术和多源信息获取技术的发展提升了获取这种动态地理现象的能力。现行的地理时空分析方法以点、线、面、体为基本单元,以数据获取尺度为分析尺度,割裂了地理现象的时间连续性,限制了地理时空动态的分析能力。把产生、发展和消亡的动态演变抽象为地理过程,从演变过程的尺度,提出一种新的地理时空分析方法。首先,提出"地理过程—演变序列—时刻状态"的分解抽象和逐级包含的地理时空过程语义,并基于"节点—边"的图思想建立地理时空过程图表达方法和存储模型,实现地理对象(节点)和对象演变行为(边)一体化表达和存储;其次,以地理过程为基本单元,设计"地理状态对象提取—演变序列追踪—过程对象重构"的过程对象提取方法,并基于节点的出度(该节点引起其他节点变化的边的个数)和入度(其他节点引起本节点变化的边的个数)实现过程对象演变行为的识别;再次,以地理过程为分析尺度,拓展时空邻域为过程邻域、时空相似性为过程相似性,设计面向过程的地理时空挖掘方法,开展地理对象及其演变行为的时空模式挖掘;最后,以1950—2019年月尺度的太平洋海洋表面温度异常变化过程对象为例,挖掘了海洋表面温度异常变化结构及其行为,并分析了与ENSO类型之间的关联模式,验证了所提方法的可行性和适用性。

全球海洋初级生产力时空异常变化对ENSO事件的响应

海洋初级生产力在海洋环境要素的驱动下,在不同海域呈现出不同的时空变化特征,这种时空演变特征在不同的ENSO事件类型下差异更为显著。本文基于1998年1月至2017年12月全球海洋初级生产力的卫星遥感数据集,通过改进海洋时空双约束聚类挖掘方法,挖掘了近20年海洋初级生产力的时空聚簇模式,并从时空分布和空间移动2个方面对比分析了海洋初级生产力时空演变簇与ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)事件之间的关系。结果表明:①在EP(Eastern-Pacific)型El Nino事件期间,海洋初级生产力异常低值时空簇主要分布在赤道太平洋东部或中东部海域,异常高值时空簇主要分布在西太平洋和南太平洋中部海域;在CP(Central-Pacific)型El Nino事件期间,异常低值时空簇分布在太平洋中部,而异常高值时空簇分布在南太平洋与西太平洋海域;②在EP型La Nina事件期间,赤道太平洋中部及东部、赤道大西洋与印度洋海域出现异常高值时空簇,南太平洋中东部海域出现异常低值时空簇;在CP型La Nina事件期间,赤道太平洋中部出现异常高值时空簇;南太平洋中西部海域出现异常低值时空簇;③发生在赤道太平洋的海洋初级生产力时空演变簇,在EP型ENSO事件期间具有东移特征,而在CP型ENSO事件期间,时空演变簇在赤道太平洋中部海域产生并消亡;④ENSO事件中海洋初级生产力时空演变簇面积与MEI具有较强相关性。