Cath-KP,a novel peptide derived from frog skin,prevents oxidative stress damage in a Parkinson’s disease model

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative condition that results in dyskinesia,with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in its progression.Antioxidant peptides may thus present therapeutic potential for PD.In this study,a novel cathelicidin peptide(Cath-KP;GCSGRFCNLF NNRRPGRLTLIHRPGGDKRTSTGLIYV)was identified from the skin of the Asiatic painted frog(Kaloula pulchra).Structural analysis using circular dichroism and homology modeling revealed a uniqueαββconformation for Cath-KP.In vitro experiments,including free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant analyses,confirmed its antioxidant properties.Using the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced dopamine cell line and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced PD mice,Cath-KP was found to penetrate cells and reach deep brain tissues,resulting in improved MPP^(+)-induced cell viability and reduced oxidative stress-induced damage by promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and alleviating mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation through Sirtuin-1(Sirt1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway activation.Both focal adhesion kinase(FAK)and p38 were also identified as regulatory elements.In the MPTP-induced PD mice,Cath-KP administration increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons,restored TH content,and ameliorated dyskinesia.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first to report on a cathelicidin peptide demonstrating potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in a PD model by targeting oxidative stress.These findings expand the known functions of cathelicidins,and hold promise for the development of therapeutic agents for PD.

Giant saturation absorption of tungsten trioxide film prepared based on the seedless layer hydrothermal method

Nonlinear materials have gained wide interest as saturable absorbers and pulse compression for pulsed laser applications due to their unique optical properties.This work investigates the third-order nonlinear phenomenon of tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))thin films.The giant nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of WO_(3)thin films were characterized by Z-scan method at 800 nm.We experimentally observed the giant saturable absorption(SA)and nonlinear refractive index of WO_(3)thin films prepared by the seedless layer hydrothermal method,with SA coefficient being as high as-2.59×105cm·GW^(-1).The SA coefficient is at least one order of magnitude larger than those of the conventional semiconductors.The nonlinear refractive index n_(2)of WO_(3)film has been observed for the first time in recent studies and the corresponding coefficient can be up to 1.793 cm^(2)·GW^(-1).The large third-order nonlinear optical(NLO)response enables WO_(3)thin films to be promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications in the near-infrared domain.

Letters and Visits System Optimization and Implementation

The letters and visits system plays a vital role in government work, serving as a crucial tool for supervising law enforcement and administrative conduct, ensuring public officials’ integrity, and promoting governance by law. As Chinese citizens’ political awareness grows, the volume of letters and visits has increased steadily. This paper reviews the current state of letters and visits information construction, identifies challenges and problems in system integration, presents integration ideas for existing systems, and proposes an innovative approach to letters and visits system integration. This research aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for other units undertaking similar system integration efforts.

Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Industry Development in Bijie Experimental Area

The development of rural industries in Bijie City of Guizhou Province leads the comprehensive rural revitalization with industrial revitalization,takes high-quality development as the overall guide,focuses on industrial scale,standardization,branding,and marketization,and strives to extend the industrial chain and enhance the value chain to achieve the prosperity of rural industries.In this study,it investigated the current situation of rural industry development in Bijie City(improving the quality and efficiency of characteristic industries,expanding the quantity and efficiency of agricultural products processing industry,recruiting and cultivating large business entities,expanding and strengthening the brand of agricultural products,and upgrading the rural tourism).Through analysis,it found that there are problems such as small scale of production enterprises,insufficient cultivation of independent brands,short industrial chain,low added value,weak market expansion ability,imperfect interest connection mechanism,and insufficient participation of farmers.Finally,it came up with countermeasures for the development of rural industries in Bijie City,including improving supporting facilities and building an extension base;strengthening leading enterprises and focus on deep processing;highlighting regional characteristics and paying close attention to the docking of production and marketing;enhancing the characteristic brand and strengthening the support of science and technology;promoting collaboration and support,and making innovation in the connection of interests.

高地下水水位冻土区梯形渠道衬砌冻胀破坏断裂力学模型

冻胀荷载作用下初始裂纹的形成、扩展导致衬砌结构的断裂是寒区衬砌渠道冻害的主要原因之一。在已有研究基础上,综合考虑地下水水位影响的梯形渠道冻胀力学分析方法及线弹性断裂力学理论,提出高地下水水位梯形渠道冻胀断裂力学分析框架。该模型将衬砌结构表面初始裂纹的失稳扩展及开裂破坏简化为Ⅰ型断裂力学问题,并提出应力强度因子与危险截面位置的计算方法。以塔里木灌区某梯形渠道为原型分析地下水埋深w对衬砌各截面应力强度因子K_(FⅠ)(x)及合理板厚d r的影响规律。结果表明:地下水补给条件对K_(FⅠ)(x)的大小影响显著;当w减小时,K_(FⅠ)(x)呈非线性增大,此时渠道冻害风险也增大,与事实相符。地下水埋深越浅,保证结构安全所需衬砌板的合理厚度d r越大;当地下水埋深为3.0 m时,建议使用的合理板厚为9.0 cm。研究结果可为寒区渠道的抗冻胀设计提供科学依据。

Zirconium Aided Epitaxial Growth of InxSey on InP(111) Substrates Cheng

Layered material indium selenide(InxSey)is a promising candidate for building next-generation electronic and photonic devices.We report a zirconium aided MBE growth of this van der Waals material.When co-depositing zirconium and selenium onto an indium phosphide substrate with a substrate temperature of 400℃at a constant zirconium flux rate of 0.01 ML/min,the polymorphic Inx Sey layer emerges on top of the insulating ZrSe2 layer.Different archetypes,such as InSe,α-In2Se3 and α-In2Se3,are found in the InxSey layers.A negative magnetoresistance of 40%at 2 K under 9 T magnetic field is observed.Such an InxSeyZrSe2 heterostructure with good lattice-matching may serve as a candidate for device applications.

Hypoxic hepatitis in children after cardiac surgery

To the Editor: Hypoxic hepatitis(HH), also known as ischemic hepatitis or shock liver, is a liver injury characterized by necrosis of centrilobular hepatocytes with a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase levels. The incidence rate of HH among patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) was found to be 0.9%-11.9% [1]. Occurrence of HH appears to have a significant impact on the clinical outcome.

司马迁的“蒙太奇”——从“荆轲刺秦王”说起

《史记·刺客列传》描写“荆轲刺秦王”一段,具有丰富的动作细节,犹如电影的“分镜剧本”,给人极强的画面感,可以视为文言写作的“蒙太奇”。司马迁如果生在当代,当是善于营造镜头场面的电影大师。

Neural stem cells promote neuroplasticity: a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity,such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis,exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.Hence,promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy with which Alzheimer’s disease can be alleviated.Due to their significant ability to self-renew,differentiate,and migrate,neural stem cells play an essential role in reversing synaptic and neuronal damage,reducing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease,including amyloid-β,tau protein,and neuroinflammation,and secreting neurotrophic factors and growth factors that are related to plasticity.These events can promote synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis to repair the microenvironment of the mammalian brain.Consequently,neural stem cells are considered to represent a potential regenerative therapy with which to improve Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we discuss how neural stem cells regulate neuroplasticity and optimize their effects to enhance their potential for treating Alzheimer’s disease in the clinic.

含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能

文中以含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构化合物4,4’-双(氧基(1,4-苯撑))-双二氮杂萘-1(2H)酮-二苯醚(OBDHPZ)为类双酚单体,与4,4’-二氟二苯砜(DFS)和2,6’-二氟苯腈(DFBN)进行高温溶液缩聚反应,通过调节聚合物分子主链中砜基和氰基等的含量,合成了一系列不同腈砜比的含醚键双二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚腈砜树脂(PBPENS),其N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液在25℃的特性黏度为0.63~0.90 dL/g。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射仪表征了所合成聚芳醚腈砜的结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热失重分析仪分析了该类聚芳醚腈砜的热性能,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在322~325℃,5%热失重温度(Td5%)在485~500℃。该类聚合物在常温时可溶解于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、氯仿等极性非质子有机溶剂;采用溶液浇筑法制备了含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度可以达到56~65 MPa。

A review of the neurotransmitter system associated with cognitive function of the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease

The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain systems are independent but partially overlap.The dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and planning.In contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial function.Evidence from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive process of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Previous research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic projections.However,whether these two neurotransmitter systems are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully elucidated.Furthermore,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment remains unclear.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional neuroimaging.Our findings will help us to understand the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.

基于双浮标连续监测资料分析大亚湾西南部海域水体环境变化特征及其影响因素

水质环境监测对了解海洋生态系统变化至关重要。本文利用2022—2023年期间位于大亚湾西南部海域的2个浮标的连续监测数据,分析了水质环境的时间序列变化。结果表明,大亚湾西南部海域的温度、盐度可能受太阳辐射与降水的影响,具有明显的季节性差异,即夏季温度高、盐度低,冬季温度低、盐度较高;而Chl a具有明显的昼夜节律,溶解氧和pH存在相似的日变化模式。在夏、秋季,大鹏澳较杨梅坑海域呈现出高温、低盐、低溶解氧、低pH和高Chl a的特点。Pearson相关性分析表明,夏、秋季的温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH和Chl a之间存在显著的相关性,且存在区域差异,湾口附近,海浪、上升流等水体运动可能是主要影响因素;近岸,径流输入可能是导致水质环境变化的主导因素。此外,本文还记录了远距离台风引起的海浪及降水事件,继而对大亚湾海域环境造成影响。解析沿海环境参数时间序列的变化特征,对海洋生态系统的演变特征研究具有重要指示作用。

中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症临床疗效研究

绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)是因雌激素分泌减少、骨代谢与骨吸收失衡引起的代谢性疾病,严重影响中老年妇女的正常生活。但由于PMOP发病复杂,其确切机制至今仍未阐明。如何治疗PMOP是当今备受关注的社会问题。大量研究表明,中医药在治疗PMOP时可提高患者骨密度及雌激素水平,并缓解患者疼痛症状。本文结合近五年中医药治疗PMOP的相关中外文献进行回顾,从患者疼痛状况、骨密度、骨代谢指标等评估中医药治疗PMOP的临床效果,并从Runx2与BMP-2、RANKL/RANK/OPG调节轴、MAPK和NF-κB途径、Wnt/β-catenin等信号通路及生物调节因子入手,进一步探究和概括中医药治疗PMOP的起效机制。

蒽醌系还原染料不同母液条件对间位芳纶纱线的染色对比

为了提高还原染料母液稳定性及对间位芳纶染色后的耐日晒性,选用耐日晒性较好的蒽醌系还原染料红F3B、黄FG、蓝ER,以二氧化硫脲作为还原剂并采用干缸还原法配制隐色体母液技术对间位芳纶纱线染色。通过二氧化硫脲用量、氢氧化钠用量、染料用量、母液的还原温度及保温时间,研究母液稳定性对间位芳纶纱线染色效果及性能的影响。结果表明:所选3只染料用量均为20 g/L,氢氧化钠用量为20 g/L,还原温度为50℃时加入15 g/L的二氧化硫脲并保温8 min,母液的还原效果最佳。在染液3%(omf)时,采用红F3B染色样的K/S值为3.80;采用黄FG染色样的K/S值为5.37;采用蓝ER染色样的K/S值为4.91;其耐日晒色牢度及耐摩擦色牢度均大于等于3级,同时力学性能无显著变化。

由城市文体中心设计探索地域特色的融入与创新

探讨了在当代城市规划与建筑设计中,将地域特色融入城市文体中心设计的重要性,分析了包括地方文化、历史传统、自然环境、经济技术背景以及社区参与等方面的影响。通过案例研究,展示了如何有效整合这些元素,创造出既符合现代城市需求又富含地域文化特色的文体中心,促进城市文化的传承与社会发展。

Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based model predictive control for wet flue gas desulphurization system

Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution removal.The desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanisms and severe disturbances,which make for it difficult to achieve certain practically relevant control goals including emission and economic performances as well as system robustness.To address these challenges,a new robust control scheme based on uncertainty and disturbance estimator(UDE)and model predictive control(MPC)is proposed in this paper.The UDE is used to estimate and dynamically compensate acting disturbances,whereas MPC is deployed for optimal feedback regulation of the resultant dynamics.By viewing the system nonlinearities and unknown dynamics as disturbances,the proposed control framework allows to locally treat the considered nonlinear plant as a linear one.The obtained simulation results confirm that the utilization of UDE makes the tracking error negligibly small,even in the presence of unmodeled dynamics.In the conducted comparison study,the introduced control scheme outperforms both the standard MPC and PID(proportional-integral-derivative)control strategies in terms of transient performance and robustness.Furthermore,the results reveal that a lowpass-filter time constant has a significant effect on the robustness and the convergence range of the tracking error.

Rational Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites as Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells

Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials.Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(SF)exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction,boosting activity.However,excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades SF’s crystal structure,impacting durability.This study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes,incorporating Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution to create Sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)Nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-SFN).Nb stabilizes SF’s crystal,curbing excessive phase formation,and Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration,optimizing oxygen transport.The D-SFN electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability,achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode and a current density of−1.19 A cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling durability.This approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage.

M_(4)X_(3) MXenes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

MXene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com-munity due to its remarkable properties,including excellent thermal stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and admirable flexibility.MXenes have been categorized into different families based on the number of M and X layers in M_(n+1)X_(n),such as M_(2)X,M_(3)X_(2),M_(4)X_(3),and,recently,M_(5)X_(4).Among these families,M_(2)X and M_(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while limited studies have been given to M_(5)X_(4)MXene synthesis.Meanwhile,studies on the M_(4)X_(3)MXene family have developed recently,hence,demanding a compilation of evaluated studies.Herein,this review provides a systematic overview of the latest advancements in M_(4)X_(3)MXenes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage devices.The objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering M_(4)X_(3)MXene-based nanomaterials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

Combined ATAC-seq,RNA-seq,and GWAS analysis reveals glycogen metabolism regulatory network in Jinjiang oyster(Crassostrea ariakensis)

Glycogen serves as the principal energy reserve for metabolic processes in aquatic shellfish and substantially contributes to the flavor and quality of oysters.The Jinjiang oyster(Crassostrea ariakensis)is an economically and ecologically important species in China.In the present study,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing(ATAC-seq)were performed to investigate gene expression and chromatin accessibility variations in oysters with different glycogen contents.Analysis identified 9483 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 7215 genes with significantly differential chromatin accessibility(DCAGs)were obtained,with an overlap of 2600 genes between them.Notably,a significant proportion of these genes were enriched in pathways related to glycogen metabolism,including“Glycogen metabolic process”and“Starch and sucrose metabolism”.In addition,genome-wide association study(GWAS)identified 526 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci associated with glycogen content.These loci corresponded to 241 genes,63 of which were categorized as both DEGs and DCAGs.This study enriches basic research data and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glycogen metabolism in C.ariakensis.

Effect of exogenous free N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine on diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction:neuroinflammation,and metabolic disorders

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseases.However,the effect of one of the best-characterized exogenous AGEs N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)on cognitive function is not fully reported.In the present study,diabetical Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were treated with free CML for 8-weeks.It was found that oral consumption of exogenous CML significantly aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral test.In details,exogenous CML increased levels of oxidative stress,promoted the activation of glial cells in the brain,up-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6,inhibited the protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thus led to neuroinflammation.Furthermore,exogenous CML promoted the amyloidogenesis in the brain of GK rats,and inhibited the expression of GLUT4.Additionally,several tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate-glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycle intermediates including pyruvate,succinic acid,glutamine,glutamate were significantly changed in brain of GK rats treated with exogenous free CML.In conclusion,exogenous free CML is a potentially noxious compounds led to aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction which could be possibly explained by its effects on neuroinflammation,energy and neurotransmitter amino acid homeostasis.