Mechanism analysis of regulating Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation of malware propagation in mobile wireless sensor networks

A dynamical model is constructed to depict the spatial-temporal evolution of malware in mobile wireless sensor networks(MWSNs). Based on such a model, we design a hybrid control scheme combining parameter perturbation and state feedback to effectively manipulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of malware propagation. The hybrid control can not only suppress the Turing instability caused by diffusion factor but can also adjust the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation induced by time delay. Numerical simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy can efficiently manipulate the transmission dynamics to achieve our expected desired properties, thus reducing the harm of malware propagation to MWSNs.

Cholic acid mitigates osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB/PERK/ SIRT1 signaling pathway

Introduction:Cholic acid(CA)is a natural steroid useful in treating chronic bronchitis and cholecystitis.On the other hand,its potential impact on osteoarthritis(OA)is unknown.Objective:Using an in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis model,we sought to assess the chondroprotective properties of CA.Methods:We employed the Cell Counting Kit-8 to measure the impact of CA on chondrocyte activity to assess the toxicity of the cells.Multiple molecular biology experimental techniques were used to investigate potential signaling pathways that CA may use to prevent inflammation and give chondrocytes protection.Furthermore,how CA affects the OA model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats was evaluated.Results:CA significantly suppressed the up-regulation of the interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),and matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13)and the downregulation of aggrecan and type II collagen A1(COL2A)in chondrocytes treated tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Differentially expressed genes(DEG)enrichment revealed IL-17,TNF,chemokine,cytokine-cytokine receptor,toll-like receptor,and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor were the primary signaling pathways.The enriched DEGs included CXCL6,CCL20,MMP3,CXCL3,CXCL11,CCL5,CXCL10,MMP9,MMP13,and CXCL2;these DEGs are involved in inflammatory responses and their expression induced by TNF-αwas reversed by CA treatment.CA inhibits p65 nuclear translocation and inhibitory subunit kappa B alpha(IκBα)phosphorylation induced by TNF-α.Furthermore,CA attenuated protein expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α(IRE1α),glucose regulatory protein 78(GRP78),and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),and down-regulation of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase-α(p-AMPKα)in TNF-α-treated chondrocytes.Conclusions:CA significantly ameliorated cartilage degradation in the OA rat model.CA alleviated the inflammatory response through the nuclear factor kappa B/PERK/SIRT1 axis and ameliorated cartilage degradation.

Occurrence and Decay of SARS-CoV-2 in Community Sewage Drainage Systems

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic in over 200 countries poses a substantial threat to human health.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes COVID-19,can be discharged with feces into the drainage system.However,a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence,presence,and potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in sewers,especially in community sewers,is still lacking.This study investigated the virus occurrence by viral nucleic acid testing in vent stacks,septic tanks,and the main sewer outlets of community where confirmed patients had lived during the early days of the epidemic in Wuhan,China.The results indicated that the risk of long-term emission of SARS-CoV-2 to the environment via vent stacks of buildings was low after confirmed patients were hospitalized.SARS-CoV-2 were mainly detected in the liquid phase,as opposed to being detected in aerosols,and its RNA in the sewage of septic tanks could be detected for only four days after confirmed patients were hospitalized.The surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage could be a sensitive indicator for the possible presence of asymptomatic patients in the community,though the viral concentration could be diluted more than ten times,depending on the sampling site,as indicated by the Escherichia coli test.The comprehensive investigation of the community sewage drainage system is helpful to understand the occurrence characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage after excretion with feces and the feasibility of sewage surveillance for COVID-19 pandemic monitoring.

普拉洛芬滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液治疗中重度干眼

目的:探究普拉洛芬滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床效果。方法:选取2016-01/2017-01在郑州市第二人民医院接受治疗的中重度干眼患者84例132眼。按随机数字表法分为对照组42例68眼,观察组42例64眼,其中对照组采用聚乙烯醇滴眼液联合普拉洛芬滴眼液治疗,观察组采用普拉洛芬滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液治疗。在治疗前及治疗后记录患者主客观评分。结果:治疗前两组患者FL、BUT、SⅠt、视力4个客观指标组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后干眼症状评分均较治疗前显著下降,组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组较对照组干眼症状评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后FL评分治疗前显著下降、BUT、SⅠt、视力指标较治疗前显著上升,组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,各指标组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明观察组受试者治疗后客观症状改善优于对照组。所有患者均未出现严重不良反应,安全性较好。结论:普拉洛芬滴眼液联合小牛血去蛋白提取物滴眼液治疗中重度干眼的临床效果较好,且安全性有保证。

A Comparison of Five Adhesive Tapes for Securing Endotracheal Tube in a Manikin

Background: Adhesive tape is the common method for endotracheal tube (ETT) secured to prevent tube displacement and unplanned extubation in an anesthesia setting. However, it is unclear which tape is superior for ETT fixation among the various tapes used in clinical practice. This study examines the force required to move 2 cm ETT and extubate ETT from an intubation manikin with five different adhesive tapes. Methods: We orally intubated an adult intubation manikin with an inner-diameter 7.5 mm ETT, inflated the cuff to 20 cm H2O. Then we secured ETT with five different adhesive tapes (Transpore tapeTM, Urgosyval tape®, TransporeTM White tape, Multipore tape, DuraporeTM tape) in a conventional fixation method. A digital force gauge was connected to the ETT and pulled in a direction erected to the oral cavity. We measured the force required to move 2 cm ETT and extubate ETT (defined as 5 cm ETT displacement) from the manikin. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, with P < 0.05. Results: DuraporeTM tape had the largest average force of 2 cm displacement (58.9 ± 5.7N) (P < 0.05). The extubation force of DuraporeTM tape (59.7 ± 4.9N) was larger than Urgosyval® tape (40.4 ± 2.9N) (P < 0.05), TransporeTM tape (48.7 ± 5.1N) (P < 0.05), Transpore WhiteTM tape (48.7 ± 5.1N) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DuraporeTM tape was superior to the other four tapes (TransporeTM tape, Urgosyval® tape, TransporeTM white tape, Multipore tape) in holding the ETT in place in the manikin.

Large-Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment in China:Technical and Economic Features,Driving Forces,and Perspectives

Membrane bioreactors(MBRs)have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China.The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requires reciprocal interactions between engineering and research participants.Thus,in this study,a total of 182 large-scale MBR projects treating industrial wastewater(with individual treatment capacities5000 m3d1)commissioned and under construction from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed comprehensively.Fast growth of the cumulative treatment capacity was observed,with extension to diverse industries,and the super large-scale was enhanced recently.The treatment processes,pollutant removal efficiencies,and actual operational parameters were summarized regarding the particularity of industrial wastewater compared to municipal wastewater.Economic features including the total investment costs of the projects,their total footprint,and their operational energy consumption were analyzed as well.A vigorous MBR market has formed in China with the fast development of membrane elements and engineering suppliers,continuously increasing official oriented projects,and responsive and innovative business modes.MBR technology has been mostly applied in specific economic zones and water-deficient areas,but its widespread use all over China is foreseeable considering the vast future market for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling.The policy–economy and market–technology driving forces revealed that MBR is consistent with the national development demand.According to the survey and analysis,prospective development in both engineering and research aspects of MBR is proposed to maintain its competitive edge.

Study of retinal vessel oxygen saturation in ischemic and non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion

AIM：To explore how oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels is altered in ischemic and non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）.·METHODS：Fifty BRVO eyes were divided into ischemic（=26）and non-ischemic（=24）groups,based on fundus fluorescein angiography.Healthy individuals（=52 and=48,respectively）were also recruited as controls for the two groups.The mean oxygen saturations of the occluded vessels and central vessels were measured by oximetry in the BRVO and control groups.·R ESULTS：In the ischemic BRVO group,the occluded arterioles oxygen saturation（Sa O2-A,106.0%±14.3%）,instead of the occluded venule oxygen saturation（Sa O2-V,60.8%±9.4%）,showed increases when compared with those in the same quadrant vessels（Sa O2-A,86.1%±16.5%）in the contralateral eyes（〈0.05）.The oxygen saturations of the central vessels showed similar trends with those of the occluded vessels.In the non-ischemic BRVO group,the occluded and central Sa O2-V and Sa O2-A showed no significant changes.In both the ischemic and non-ischemic BRVOs,the central Sa O2-A was significantly increased when compared to healthy individuals.·CONCLUSION：Obvious changes in the occluded and central Sa O2-A were found in the ischemic BRVO group,indicating that disorders of oxygen metabolism in the arterioles may participate in the pathogenesis of ischemic BRVO.

Target inhibition of caspase-8 alleviates brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms.In this study,a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Z-IETD-FMK(0.5,1,2 mg/kg;an inhibitor of caspase-8)was delivered via intravenous(tail vein)injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage.After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage,western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Z-IETDFMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Furthermore,inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3,caspase-1,and interleukin-1βafter subarachnoid hemorrhage.In conclusion,our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,China(approval No.2016-193)on February 25,2016.

Population recovery of the critically endangered western black crested gibbon(Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China

We conducted the third population survey of western black crested gibbons(Nomascus concolor)in Mt.Wuliang,Yunnan Province,China,from November 2020 to March 2021 following the first and second surveys conducted in 2001 and2010,respectively.We recorded 104 gibbon groups during the current survey.

An AGAMOUS-like factor is associated with the origin of two domesticated varieties in Cymbidium sinense (Orchidaceae)

Cymbidium has been artificially domesticated for centuries in Asia,which produced numerous cultivated varieties.Flowers with stamenoid tepals or those with multiple tepals have been found in different species of Cymbidium;however,the molecular basis controlling the formation of these phenotypes is still largely unknown.Previous work demonstrated that AGAMOUS/AG lineage MADS genes function in floral meristem determinacy as well as in reproductive organs development in both dicots and monocots,indicating a possible relationship with the origin of two flower varieties in Cymbidium.Here,we characterized and analyzed two AG lineage paralogues,CsAG1 and CsAG2,from Cymbidium sinense,both of which were highly expressed in the gynostemium column of a standard C.sinense.Interestingly,we detected ectopic expression of CsAG1 rather than CsAG2 in all floral organs of a stamenoid-tepal variety and significant down-regulation of CsAG1 in a variety with multiple tepals.Over-expression of CsAG1 in wild type Arabidopsis resulted in petal-to-stamen homeotic conversion,suggesting a conserved C-function of CsAG1 in the development of Cymbidium flower.Altogether,our results supported a hypothesis that disruption of a single AG-like factor would be associated with the formation of two domesticated varieties in C.sinense.

Design and FPGA implementation of multi-wing chaotic switched systems based on a quadratic transformation

Based on a quadratic transformation and a switching function,a novel multi-wing chaotic switched system is proposed.First,a 4-wing chaotic system is constructed from a 2-wing chaotic system on the basis of a quadratic transformation.Then,a switching function is designed and by adjusting the switching function,the number and the distribution of the saddle-focus equilibrium points of the switched system can be regulated.Thus,a set of chaotic switched systems,which can produce 6-to-8-12-16-wing attractors,are generated.The Lyapunov exponent spectra,bifurcation diagrams,and Poincarémaps are given to verify the existence of the chaotic attractors.Besides,the digital circuit of the multi-wing chaotic switched system is designed by using the Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm and the state machine control.Finally,the multi-wing chaotic attractors are demonstrated via FPGA platform.The experimental results show that the number of the wings of the chaotic attractors can be expanded more effectively with the combination of the quadratic transformation and the switching function methods.

肌动蛋白细胞骨架在小鼠第二生心区祖细胞部署发育中的作用

脊椎动物心管起源于早期胚胎的生心中胚层细胞,随后从邻近的咽中胚层和内脏中胚层中逐渐添加第二生心区(second heart field, SHF)祖细胞而延长。SHF细胞向心管贡献受损,使心管不能最大限度地延长,导致一系列的心脏发育缺陷,包括最常见的右心室发育不良与流出道分隔旋转异常等先天性出生缺陷。SHF祖细胞构成非经典顶端-基底极性上皮,并具有顶部单纤毛、动态肌动蛋白(actin)富集基底端的丝状伪足等特点。本文总结了actin细胞骨架在小鼠SHF祖细胞部署发育过程中的研究进展,揭示actin细胞骨架在SHF祖细胞发育特别是SHF细胞向流出道部署过程中的重要性,以期为阐明和理解SHF祖细胞迁移、部署的细胞生物学特性提供一定的理论参考。

Prediction of Passenger Flow at Sanya Airport Based on Combined Methods

It is crucial to correctly predict the passenger flow of an air route for the construction and development of an airport.Based on the passenger flow data of Sanya Airport from 2008 to 2016,this paper respectively adopted Holt-Winter Seasonal Model,ARMA and linear regression model to predict the passenger flow of Sanya Airport from 2017 to 2018.In order to reduce the prediction error and improve the prediction accuracy at meanwhile,the combinatorial weighted method is adopted to predict the data in a combined manner.Upon verification,this method has been proved to be an effective approach to predict the airport passenger flow.

In-situ measurement of the dissolved S^(2-) in seafloor diffuse flow system: sensor preparation and calibration

The preparation approach and calibration result of an improved type of ion selective electrode （ISE）, which is used to measure the total dissolved S^2-, are introduced in this paper. The improved Ag/Ag2S electrode uses silver wire as the substrate, which is surrounded by electric polymer containing superfine silver powder. After the stabilization of the epoxy-resin, Ag2S layer was formed by chemical reaction with 0.2 mol/L （NH4）2S solution for 5 min. With Ag/AgC1 as reference electrode, the Ag/Ag2S electrode can be used to measure dissolved S^2-. The correlation between the measured potentials and the logarithm of dissolved S^2- is found to be linear, within range of the concentration of dissolved S^2- from 10^-2-10-7 mol/L. The slope of the regression line between measured potential and logarithm of dissolved S^2- is about -27.7, which agrees well with the theoretical Nernst value -29.6. Furthermore, the performance of the improved Ag/Ag2S electrode, such as the response time, sensitivity and stability, greatly outweighs the conventional Ag/Ag2S electrode.

Relaxation dynamics of Kuramoto model with heterogeneous coupling

The Landau damping which reveals the characteristic of relaxation dynamics for an equilibrium state is a universal concept in the area of complex system. In this paper, we study the Landau damping in the phase oscillator system by considering two types of coupling heterogeneity in the Kuramoto model. We show that the critical coupling strength for phase transition, which can be obtained analytically through the balanced integral equation, has the same formula for both cases. The Landau damping effects are further explained in the framework of Laplace transform, where the order parameters decay to zero in the long time limit.

Design and FPGA implementation of a memristor-based multi-scroll hyperchaotic system

A novel memristor-based multi-scroll hyperchaotic system is proposed.Based on a voltage-controlled memristor and a modulating sine nonlinear function,a novel method is proposed to generate the multi-scroll hyperchaotic attractors.Firstly,a multi-scroll chaotic system is constructed from a three-dimensional chaotic system by designing a modulating sine nonlinear function.Then,a voltage-controlled memristor is introduced into the above-designed multi-scroll chaotic system.Thus,a memristor-based multi-scroll hyperchaotic system is generated,and this hyperchaotic system can produce various coexisting hyperchaotic attractors with different topological structures.Moreover,different number of scrolls and different topological attractors can be obtained by varying the initial conditions of this system without changing the system parameters.The Lyapunov exponents,bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction are given to analyze the dynamical characteristics of the multi-scroll hyperchaotic system.Besides,the field programmable gate array(FPGA)based digital implementation of the memristor-based multi-scroll hyperchaotic system is carried out.The experimental results of the FPGA-based digital circuit are displayed on the oscilloscope.

Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention.These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans.Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases,both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats.Thus far,there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion,migration,and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective.In this review,we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses.We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society,including transmission routes,contact probability,contact frequency,and viral characteristics.Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier,ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms.Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases,and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility.In addition,globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas.This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases.It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.

污水中新型冠状病毒监测技术的进展与启示

污水流行病学的概念最早于2001年提出[1],最初是通过追踪污水中多种与人群健康和行为相关的化学与生物标记物,对使用毒品与非法药物的群体进行精准溯源[2],或是预警、跟踪和遏制传染病的暴发及其在社区中的传播[3].其中一个典型的应用实例是2013年以色列在常规污水监测中发现了被认为已经根除的脊髓灰质炎病毒,随即据此展开大规模疫苗接种从而成功避免了小儿麻痹症在当地的再次暴发.

复方密蒙花蒸汽眼贴治疗白内障术后干眼的临床疗效

目的:探究复方密蒙花蒸汽眼贴治疗白内障术后干眼的临床疗效。方法:前瞻性队列研究。连续性纳入2022年3—9月于郑州市眼科医院行超声乳化联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术,且术后4周有干眼的白内障患者120例(120眼)。采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组各60例(60眼),其中治疗组采用复方密蒙花蒸汽眼贴治疗,对照组采用模拟剂眼贴治疗,治疗周期为4周。所有患者均已在术前行干眼检查,分别于术后4、6、8周观察并记录干眼症状评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素钠染色评分(CFS)及基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)。2组患者手术前的性别、既往史比较采用卡方检验,年龄采用独立样本t检验,2组手术前后不同时间的干眼症状评分、BUT、CFS和SⅠt比较采用双因素重复测量方差分析。结果:2组患者的年龄、性别、既往史等人口基线特征差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在组间,术前和术后4周时,2组干眼症状评分、BUT、CFS、SⅠt差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6、8周时,治疗组干眼症状评分均低于对照组(t=11.33,P=0.001;t=36.63,P<0.001);术后8周时,治疗组BUT、SⅠt均高于对照组(t=7.67,P=0.007;t=4.73,P=0.032)。在组内,治疗组干眼症状评分、CFS均在术后4周较术前升高,术后6、8周较术后4周逐渐降低,总体差异有统计学意义(F=54.10,P<0.001;F=8.26,P<0.001),BUT、SⅠt均在术后4周较术前降低,术后6、8周较术后4周逐渐升高,总体差异有统计学意义(F=38.05,P<0.001;F=24.59,P<0.001);对照组干眼症状评分、CFS均在术后4周较术前升高,术后6、8周较术后4周逐渐降低,总体差异有统计学意义(F=40.87,P<0.001;F=14.67,P<0.001),BUT、SⅠt均在术后4周较术前降低,术后6、8周较术后4周逐渐升高,总体差异有统计学意义(F=17.64,P<0.001;F=17.81,P<0.001)。结论:复方密蒙花蒸汽眼贴可以改善白内障术后干眼患者的干眼症状,提高泪膜的稳定性,增加泪液的分泌量,对白内障术后干眼有积极作用。

放射性脑损伤的研究进展

原发性或转移性脑部恶性肿瘤患者接受放射治疗时,会引起脑组织功能和形态学变化,导致放射性脑损伤,并且其发病机制尚无统一定论,现有的研究进展和治疗方案有待阐明和完善。本综述从血管损伤、炎症反应、神经元功能障碍、胶质细胞损伤以及肠道微生物方面讨论放射性脑损伤的发病机制,以及治疗与预防的相关研究进展,旨在为放射性脑损伤的研究和临床诊治提供参考和理论依据。