The Decay Process of an α-configuration Sunspot

The decay of sunspot plays a key role in magnetic flux transportation in solar active regions(ARs).To better understand the physical mechanism of the entire decay process of a sunspot,an α-configuration sunspot in AR NOAA 12411 was studied.Based on the continuum intensity images and vector magnetic field data with stray light correction from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager,the area,vector magnetic field and magnetic flux in the umbra and penumbra are calculated with time,respectively.Our main results are as follows:(1) The decay curves of the sunspot area in its umbra,penumbra,and whole sunspot take the appearance of Gaussian profiles.The area decay rates of the umbra,penumbra and whole sunspot are-1.56 MSH day^(-1),-12.61 MSH day^(-1) and-14.04 MSH day^(-1),respectively;(2) With the decay of the sunspot,the total magnetic field strength and the vertical component of the penumbra increase,and the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes more vertical.Meanwhile,the total magnetic field strength and vertical magnetic field strength for the umbra decrease,and the inclination angle changes slightly with an average value of about 20°;(3) The magnetic flux decay curves of the sunspot in its umbra,penumbra,and whole sunspot exhibit quadratic patterns,their magnetic flux decay rates of the umbra,penumbra and whole sunspot are-9.84 × 10^(19)Mx day^(-1),-1.59 × 10^(20)Mx day^(-1) and -2.60 × 10^(20)Mx day^(-1),respectively.The observation suggests that the penumbra may be transformed into the umbra,resulting in the increase of the average vertical magnetic field strength and the reduction of the inclination angle in the penumbra during the decay of the sunspot.

氟硅协同增强的UV固化透明高硬度双疏涂层的制备及性能

以全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(17F)和四(3-巯基丙酸)季戊四醇酯(PETMP)为原料,通过迈克尔加成反应合成了氟改性多巯基交联剂(FPETMP)。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征证实17F成功改性了多巯基交联剂,且合成的FPETMP中仍有未反应的巯基。将FPETMP与PETMP、(丙烯酰氧基丙基)甲基硅氧烷均聚物(APMS)混合,经紫外光引发巯基-烯点击反应制得透明双疏涂层。研究了FPETMP用量对涂层疏水疏油性、透明性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着FPETMP含量的增加,涂层的疏水疏油性增强。但是FPETMP用量太高时,体系相容性下降,涂层的透明度和铅笔硬度也随之变差。当FPETMP的质量分数为20%时,涂层对水和十六烷的接触角分别为116.5°和75.6°,且涂层的硬度较高,铅笔硬度为7H。涂层呈现出良好的光学透明性,综合性能最佳。

Extended survival with metastatic pancreatic cancer under fruquintinib treatment after failed chemotherapy:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant disease.After decades of treatment progress,the current five-year survival rate for patients is still less than 10%.For later-line treatment,the treatment options are even more limited.Anti-angiogenic drugs can improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Preclinical data show that fruquintinib might improve the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer by targeting angiogenesis and lymphopoiesis,improving the abnormal vascular structure,and modulating the tumour immune microenvironment.CASE SUMMARY We present two cases of third-line fruquintinib monotherapy that brought an extraprolonged progress-free survival(PFS)of 10 months.Patient 1 took adjuvant gemcitabine-based and first-line nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy and then used local radiotherapy combined with programmed cell death 1 receptor(PD-1).Each line lasted approximately 7 months.Moreover,the patient took third-line fruquintinib,which was followed by stable disease for 10 months,during which no additional adverse effect was observed.The patient later refused to take fruquintinib due to difficulty urinating and lower abdominal pain after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection.The patient died in February 2023.Patient 2 also took two prior lines of chemotherapy and then local radiotherapy combined with S-1.After confirmed disease progression,the patient experienced a continuous partial response after using fruquintinib monotherapy in the third line.After the patient had COVID-19 in December 2022,fruquintinib was discontinued.The patient died in January 2023 due to disease progression.CONCLUSION Both cases achieved a PFS benefit from later-line single-agent fruquintinib therapy.With its better safety profile,fruquintinib may be worth exploring and studying in more depth as a later-line treatment for pancreatic cancer patients.

Changes in the root system of the herbaceous peony and soil properties under different years of continuous planting and replanting

The herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)has high ornamental value.Replanting problems occur when seedlings are replanted into previous holes.We studied the root system and soil environment of the'Dongjingnvlang'variety under a continuous planting regime of one,four,and seven years,and a replanting regime of one and four years.Under the condition of continuous planting,with the increase of number of years,pH,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen decreased in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils,whereas organic matter,available phosphorus and potassium,enzyme activities,and the number of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes increased.Under the condition of replanting,with the increase of number of years,fungi and actinomycetes in both soils increased,while pH,organic matter,nutrients,enzyme activities,and bacterial number decreased.pH,organic matter,nutrient content,enzyme activity and the number of bacterial were lower in soil replanted for four years,whereas the abundance of fungi and actinomycetes was higher,altering the soil from“bacterial high-fertility”to“fungal low-fertility”with increasing years of replanting.The activity of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content in roots of peony in replanting were higher than those in continuous planting,while the content of osmotic regulatory substances in replanting was lower than that in continuous planting.The results showed that there were no obvious adverse factors in soil during seven years of continuous planting,and herbaceous peony could maintain normal growth and development.However,soils after four years of replanting were not suitable for herbaceous peony growth.Benzoic acid increased with years of replanting,which potentially caused replanting problems.This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of replanting problems in the herbaceous peony.

Calcitriol Suppressed Isoproterenol-induced Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts via Integrinβ3/FAK/Akt Pathway

Objective Cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition are important features of cardiac fibrosis.Various studies have indicated that vitamin D displays an anti-fibrotic property in chronic heart diseases.This study explored the role of vitamin D in the growth of CFs via an integrin signaling pathway.Methods MTT and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays were performed to determine cell viability.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and integrin signaling pathway.The fibronectin was observed by ELISA.Immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate the expression of integrinβ3.Results The PCNA expression in the CFs was enhanced after isoproterenol(ISO)stimulation accompanied by an elevated expression of integrin beta-3(β3).The blockade of the integrinβ3 with a specific integrinβ3 antibody reduced the PCNA expression induced by the ISO.Decreasing the integrinβ3 by siRNA reduced the ISO-triggered phosphorylation of FAK and Akt.Both the FAK inhibitor and Akt inhibitor suppressed the PCNA expression induced by the ISO in the CFs.Calcitriol(CAL),an active form of vitamin D,attenuated the ISO-induced CFs proliferation by downregulating the integrinβ3 expression,and phosphorylation of FAK and Akt.Moreover,CAL reduced the increased levels of fibronectin and hydroxyproline in the CFs culture medium triggered by the ISO.The administration of calcitriol decreased the integrinβ3 expression in the ISO-induced myocardial injury model.Conclusion These findings revealed a novel role for CAL in suppressing the CFs growth by the downregulation of the integrinβ3/FAK/Akt pathway.

Highly-sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for detection of inosine monophosphate in meat based on graphdiyne/AuNPs/luminol nanocomposites

Inosine monophosphate(IMP),as a critical umami substance,is one of the most important indicators for evaluating the quality of meat products.Here,a sensitive electrochemiluminescence(ECL)biosensor based on graphdiyne(GDY)/AuNPs/luminol nanocomposites was constructed to detect IMP.The GDY/AuNPs/luminol nanocomposites were synthesized by using simple one-pot method.GDY utilized its 2D framework to disperse and fix gold nanoparticles,which inhibited the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles and greatly improved its stability and catalytic properties.Importantly,GDY/AuNPs/luminol nanocomposites showed excellent catalytic ability and superior ECL activity towards luminol-H_(2)O_(2) systems due to the synergistic effect of GDY and AuNPs.Under optimal conditions,the prepared biosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.01 g/L to 20 g/L,a satisfactory limit detection of 0.0013 g/L,as well as an excellent specificity.Moreover,we carried out the precise analysis of IMP in actual meat samples with acceptable results compared to the liquid chromatography.We believe that this work could offer an efficient ECL platform for accurate and reliable report of IMP levels,which is significant for maintaining food quality and safety.

术前活检与术中快速冷冻病理检查诊断早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移的价值研究

目的分析术前活检和术中快速冷冻病理检查在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结假阴性诊断中的差异。方法选取2014年12月—2018年7月哈励逊国际和平医院住院的有乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移并行腋窝淋巴结清扫术患者150例,分为术前活检组和术中冷冻组。依据术前穿刺、术中冷冻和术后石蜡切片病理结果,对术前活检组患者术前、术后病理一致性(术前活检假阴性率)和术中冷冻组术中、术后病理一致性(术中检测假阴性率)进行统计学分析。结果两组不同年龄、肿瘤直径患者的病理一致率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前活检组石蜡病理和术前穿刺活检病理的一致率较术中冷冻组高(P<0.05)。术前活检组假阴性率较术中冷冻组低(P<0.05)。结论术前活检在诊断乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移准确性上优于术中冷冻病理诊断,对治疗方案的优化也具有指导价值。

A Novel Immunosensor Based on Au Nanoparticles and Polyaniline/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Functionalized Interface

A novel multilayer film based on Au nanoparticles(AuNPs) and polyaniline/carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes-chitosan nanocomposite(PANI/MWCNTs/CS) was exploited to fabricate a highly sensitive immunosensor for detecting chlorpyrifos. PANI-coated MWCNTs were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization and carboxylated MWCNTs played an important role in obtaining the thin and uniform coating of PANI resulting in the improved immunosensor response. Au NPs were used as a linker to immobilize chlorpyrifos antibody. The performance of the immunosensor was characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. All variables involved in the preparation process and analytical performance of the immunosensor were optimized.Under optimal conditions(antibody concentration: 5 μg/mL, working buffer pH: 6.5, incubation time: 40 min,incubation temperature: 25℃), the immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 to 40× 10^(-6)mg/mL and from 40 × 10^(-6)mg/mL to 500 × 10^(-6)mg/mL, and with a detection limit of 0.06 × 10^(-6)mg/mL, which provided a valuable tool for the chlorpyrifos detection in real samples.

Comprehensive Marine Observing Experiment Based on High-Altitude Large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(South China Sea Experiment2020 of the “Petrel Project”)

In collaboration with 12 other institutions, the Meteorological Observation Center of the China Meteorological Administration undertook a comprehensive marine observation experiment in the South China Sea using the Yilong-10 high-altitude large unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). The Yilong-10 UAV carried a self-developed dropsonde system and a millimeter-wave cloud radar system. In addition, a solar-powered unmanned surface vessel and two drifting buoys were used. The experiment was further supported by an intelligent, reciprocating horizontal drifting radiosonde system that was deployed from the Sansha Meteorological Observing Station, with the intent of producing a stereoscopic observation over the South China Sea. Comprehensive three-dimensional observations were collected using the system from 31 July to2 August, 2020. This information was used to investigate the formation and development processes of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The data contain measurements of 21 oceanic and meteorological parameters acquired by the five devices, along with video footage from the UAV. The data proved very helpful in determining the actual location and intensity of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using a high-altitude, large UAV to fill in the gaps between operational meteorological observations of marine areas and typhoons near China, and marks a milestone for the use of such data for analyzing the structure and impact of a typhoon in the South China Sea. It also demonstrates the potential for establishing operational UAV meteorological observing systems in the future, and the assimilation of such data into numerical weather prediction models.

Associations between risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Lanzhou,China

Objectives:To examine the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors and frailty in a sample of older Chinese adults.Methods:A total of 458 community-dwelling older adults(>65 years)in Lanzhou,Gansu Province of China participated in a cross-sectional survey.Their status was evaluated in terms of frailty phenotype(unintentional weight loss,exhaustion,low activity levels,slowness and weakness).Participants were categorized as not frail,prefrail or frail.Cardiovascular disease risk factors that were assessed included:blood pressure,body mass index,waist circumference,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,lowdensity lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins.Results:Individuals with obesity had an increased risk of prefrailty(OR:2.26;95%CI:1.05,4.84).Hypertension was inversely associated with frailtyamong the participants(OR:0.31;95%CI:0.11,0.87)after adjusting for covariates.Conclusions:The findings suggest that much more attention should be paid to weight control of the elderly in the community for preventing them from transition to prefrailty or frailty.Active prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases among the community-dwelling elder are still of great importance.

四段式教学模式在验光学教学中的应用研究

目的:探讨改良的四段式教学模式在验光学教学过程中的应用效果。方法:选择2018-09/2019-06在我院眼视光学专业2016级109名学生作为研究对象,以验光学期中考试成绩作为基线成绩参考,对照组采用传统的教学模式,试验组采用改良的四段式教学模式。比较两组学生期末验光结业考试的成绩,学生对验光课程教学的满意度以及自我能力评价。结果:对照组三项期末成绩(验光基础理论知识、实验操作技能和临床案例分析)与基线成绩相比无差异(P>0.05);试验组三项期末成绩与基线成绩相比均有显著提升(P<0.05);两组学生期末成绩相比有差异(P<0.05)。试验组学生对验光课教学过程和结果的满意度以及评价自我能力提高方面均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:四段式教学能有效提高眼视光学专业学生验光学教学的效果,能使学生更快更有效地适应临床工作。

Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Prussian Blue-Chitosan-Glutaraldehyde for the Sensitive Determination of Tetracycline

In this paper, a novel and sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for detecting tetracycline(TET)with prussian blue(PB) as the label-free signal was fabricated. A PB-chitosan-glutaraldehyde(PB-CS-GA)system acting as the signal indicator was developed to improve the sensitivity of the electrochemical aptasensor.Firstly, the PB-CS-GA was fixed onto the glass carbon electrode surface. Then, colloidal gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) were droped onto the electrode to immobilize the anti-TET aptamer for preparation of the aptasensor.The stepwise assembly process of the aptasensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(C-V) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The target TET captured onto the electrode induced the current response of the electrode due to the non-conducting biomoleculars. Under the optimum operating conditions, the response of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) was used for detecting the concentration of TET. The proposed aptasensor showed a high sensitivity and a wide linear range of 109-～ 105-M and 105-～ 102-M with the correlation coefficients of 0.994 and 0.992, respectively. The detection limit was 3.2×1010-M(RSD 4.12%). Due to its rapidity, sensitivity and low cost, the proposed aptasensor could be used as a pre-scanning method in TET determination for the analysis of livestock products.

Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes-graphene Hybrid Film

In this paper, an amperometric acetylcholinesterase(ACh E) biosensor for quantitative determination of carbaryl was developed. Firstly, the poly(diallyldimethy-lammonium chloride)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes-graphene hybrid film was modified onto the glassy carbon electrode(GCE) surface, then ACh E was immobilized onto the modified GCE to fabricate the ACh E biosensor. The morphologies and electrochemistry properties of the prepared ACh E biosensor were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All variables involved in the preparation process and analytical performance of the biosensor were optimized. Based on the inhibition of pesticides on the ACh E activity, using carbaryl as model compounds, the biosensor exhibited low detection limit, good reproducibility and high stability in a wide range. Moreover, the biosensor can also be used for direct analysis of practical samples, which would provide a new promising tool for pesticide residues analysis.

Clinical nursing path after endoscopic submucosal dissection reduces the risk of postoperative complications

Objective： To investigate the effect of the nursing path on postoperative complications after endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD）. Method： Patients＇ nursing paths for ESD were established based on a systematic analysis of relevant literature, previous clinical procedures and consultation with chief physicians from a gastroenterology department. Forty patients were divided into the observation or control group and were assigned to follow the nursing path or the conventional path after an ESD, respectively. Next, the incidence of postoperative complications of these two groups was measured, primarily assessing the occurrences of bleeding, perforation, infection, and anxiety. Results： The incidence of complications after ESD in the observation group was remarkably lower than that of the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The nursing path for ESD has a positive role in reducing certain frequent complications that occur after ESD, particularly infection and anxiety; in addition, the nursing path optimizes nursing care in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Effects of Waterlogging Stress on the Physiological Characteristics and Secondary Metabolites of Herbaceous Peony (<i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>Pall.)

Herbaceous peony is an ornamental plant with medicinal properties. Waterlogging can affect its yield and quality as it grows and matures. In this study, we subjected “Taohuafeixue”, “Yangfeichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” herbaceous peony varieties to a simulated waterlogging stress treatment and investigated the effects of waterlogging on their physiological characteristics and the secondary metabolite contents in their leaves and roots. Short-term waterlogging caused the leaves to turn yellow or red and the roots to turn black. The stele and the cell wall of the endothelial cells thickened, and the cortical cells enlarged. Waterlogging did not significantly change plant height, leaf length, and leaf area;however, it significantly decreased the root-shoot ratio of “Yangfeichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic regulators increased under waterlogging. After short-term waterlogging stress treatment, the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin increased in the roots of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”, and the content of benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the root of “Hongxiuqiu”. The content of gallic acid and total flavonoids increased in the leaves of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”. After the waterlogging, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the autumn root of “Hongxiuqiu”. This study expands our knowledge about the medicinal properties of herbaceous peony and informs about its production and cultivation under waterlogged conditions.

Analysis of the Volatile Components in Flowers of <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>Pall. and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>Pall. var. <i>Trichocarpa</i>

Paeonia lactiflora Pall. var. trichocarpa is a variety of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and is currently the peony herb’s principal cultivar group. Here, we study the differences in aromatic components and flowers of different varieties between two groups of cultivars, providing a reference for applying natural fragrance substances of peonies, breeding fragrant flower types, and developing and using improved varieties. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), peak area normalization for each component relative to content, component library (NIST14/NIST14S) retrieval, and a literature review were used to analyze the volatile compounds in flowers of eight peony varieties, such as “Gaoganhong”, and ten comospore peony varieties, such as “Jinshanhong”. Results showed that the main volatile compound constituents in flowers of the two groups were terpenes and alcohols. Additionally, the content of eucalyptol, caryophyllene, α-Pinene, citronellol, and 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z) was high. Peony cultivars contained linalool, (1R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, while comospore peony varieties contained 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol. In this study, the differences between the volatile components of flowers of different peony varieties were clarified, laying a foundation for further molecular biology research into the floral fragrance of peonies and the cultivation of new varieties of aromatic peonies. At the same time, it also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of peony flower by-products.

Spatial variation of lipophilic marine algal toxins and its relationship with physicochemical parameters in spring in Laizhou Bay,China

Lipophilic marine algal toxins(LMATs)are produced by some toxigenic microalgae,which pose a serious threat to marine ecosystem and even human health.The occurrence and environmental control factors of LMATs in the surface seawater and phytoplankton in spring in Laizhou Bay in which Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary is included,in Shandong,East China were investigated.Okadaic acid(OA),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2),dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1),pectenotoxin-2 seco acid(PTX2 SA),DTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,PTX11,and 13-desmethyl spirolide C(SPX1)were detected from the surface seawater samples,and PTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,OA,DTX2,DTX1,PTX2 SA,and PTX11 were discovered in the phytoplankton samples showed a decreasing trend.The concentrations of∑LMATs in the seawater and phytoplankton ranged 2.03-74.38 ng/L on average of 13.72 ng/L and 0.98-479.27 pg/L on average of 50.20 pg/L,respectively.The joint influence of terrigenous input and internal circulation could promote the growth,toxin production,and toxin release of toxin-producing algae,leading to a higher content of LMATs in the bay nearby the Huanghe River estuary in both seawater and phytoplankton.The concentration of LMATs in spring was higher than that in summer,showing obvious seasonal variation.In addition,no significant correlation between most of the physiochemical parameters and LMAT contents in seawater was revealed by correlation analysis except for the positive correlation between DTX2 and chlorophyll a,OA and NH4-N.However,the increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen content in seawater could enhance the production of OA,DTX1,and DTX2 in phytoplankton due probably to that the inorganic N input could benefit the growth and stimulate toxin production of toxin-producing algae.The result also proved that some PTX2 may be originated from Procentrum spp.and OA,DTXs and part of PTX2 may be originated from Dinophysis spp.

Predictors of angle widening after laser iridotomy in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure suspect using ultrasound biomicroscopy

AIM:To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS).METHODS:Angle-opening distance(AOD),trabecular iris angle(TIA),iris thickness,trabecular-ciliary process angle,and trabecular-ciliary process distance were measured using UBM performed before and two weeks after LPI.Iris convexity(IC),iris insertion,angulation,and ciliary body(CB) size and position were graded.Uni-and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting the change in AOD(ΔAOD500,calculated as an angle width change before and after LPI) in all quadrants and in subgroup quadrants based on IC.RESULTS:In 94 eyes of 94 patients with PACS,LPI led to angle widening with increases in AOD500 and TIA(P<0.01).Multivariable regression analysis showed that IC(P<0.001),CB position(P=0.007) and iris insertion(P=0.049) were significantly predictive for ΔAOD500.All quadrants were categorized into extreme IC(27.8%),moderate IC(62.3%),and absent IC(9.9%) subgroups.The AOD500 increased by 220% and no other predictive factor was found in the extreme IC quadrants.The AOD500 increased by 55%,and baseline iris angulation was predictive for smaller changes in ΔAOD500 in the moderate IC quadrants.CONCLUSION:In PACS patients,quadrants with greater iris bowing predict substantial angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with a flatter iris,anteriorly positioned CB,and basal iris insertion are associated with less angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with iris angulation as well as a flatter iris configuration predict a smaller angle change after LPI.

Survey of Temporomandibular Disorder in Male Candidates of Conscription Age

[Objectives] To study the temporomandibular disorder(TMD) in male candidates of conscription age. [Methods] The TMD was surveyed in 2 152 young males who participated in 2015, 2016 and 2017 physical examinations for conscription in Qingzhou City, Weifang of Shandong Province. [Results] Cases with previous positive symptoms and with positive clinical signs respectively accounted for 5.02% and 18.91% of the whole respondents. Among the three major symptoms, the occurrence of clicking, accounting for 17.7% of the total case amount, ranked the first; among 407 cases with positive clinical signs, the top two symptoms were simple clicking(50.86%) and clicking with abnormal mandibular movement(36.85%). [Conclusions] TMD occurs in male candidates of conscription age with a relatively high occurrence, but most cases are mild with clicking as the major symptom.

RNA-Seq and Bulked Segregant Analysis of Genes Related to High Growth in <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>Half-Sibling Families

The lifetime of G. biloba is very long, and its growth is relatively slow. However, little is known about growth-related genes in this species. We combined mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to fine map significant agronomic trait genes by developing polymorphism molecular markers at the transcriptome level. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of high growth (GD) and low growth (BD) samples of G. biloba half-sib families was performed. After assembling the clean reads, 601 differential expression genes were detected and 513 of them were assigned functional annotations. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified SNPs associated with 119 genes in the GD and BD groups;58 of these genes were annotated. Two Homeobox-leucine zipper protein genes were up-regulated in the GD group compared with the BD group;therefore, these are very likely related to high growth of G. biloba. This study provides molecular level data that could be used for seed selection of high growth G. biloba half-sib families for future breeding programs.