产学研融合的问题驱动无机化学课程教学实践

创新课堂教学模式,提升课程教学的多维度育人功能,是新时代高校课程教育教学改革的努力方向。我们在无机化学课程教学设计中,依托国家一流线上课程教学资源,产学研融合设计教学内容及教学问题,开发讨论式教学,以问题驱动学生在深入思考中完成知识的学习、理论与实践的结合、综合能力的培养以及化学专业素养的提升。

Constructing the Al deficiency in Si-O(H)-Al units based on Pt/ZSM-5 for enhanced hydrocracking of polyethylene into high-quality liquid fuel

Hydrocracking catalysis is a controllable route to plastic waste upgrading. However, the mismatched acid site-driven C-C cleavage and C=C hydrogenation process on metal restrict the efficiency and selectivity in conventional metal/acid bi-functional catalyst. Herein, we introduce Al deficiency in Si-O(H)-Al structural units of Pt/zeolite socony mobil-5 (Pt/ZSM-5) through discharge driven reduction (DR) process to precisely control the ratio of metal to acid, achieving hydrocracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste at 270 °C with 87.7% conversion and liquid fuel (C5-C21) selectivity of 77.8%. Pair distribution function (PDF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrate the partial absent Al sites further resulting short-range local disorder Si-O(H)-Al. Upon pyridine infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR) and CO diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (CO DRIFT) analysis, the extraction of Al modulates Brønsted acid density of Pt/ZSM-5 with DR process (Pt/Z5DR), improves the interaction between Pt and ZSM-5 support, enhances the cationic of Pt. The metal-acid balance and electron-deficient Pt favor the matching speed of light olefins hydrogenation and the cracking of macromolecule intermediates. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations identify the thermodynamic stability of Pt/Z5DR and moderate adsorption capability towards light olefins. This work confirms the great potential of precisely controlled molar of metal to acid in metal/zeolite catalysts for LDPE upcycling, providing a viable path for dealing with PE plastic wastes.

Effects of antioxidant‑rich Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats

Background Milk synthesis in lactating animals demands high energy metabolism,which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites(ROM)causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants thereby inducing oxidative stress(OS)on the animals.To mitigate OS and postpartum disorders in dairy goats and gain insight into the impact of dietary choices on redox status during lactation,a feeding trial was conducted using alfalfa silage inoculated with a high-antioxidant strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Methods Twenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats(38.1±1.20 kg)were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments:one containing silage inoculated with L.plantarum MTD/1(RSMTD-1),and the other containing silage inoculated with high antioxidant activity L.plantarum 24-7(ES24-7).Results ES24-7-inoculated silage exhibited better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity compared to RSMTD-1.The ES24-7 diet elevated the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities in milk,serum,and feces of lactating goats(with the exception of T-AOC in milk).Additionally,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage enhanced casein yield,milk free fatty acid(FFA)content,and vitamin A level in the goats’milk.Furthermore,an increase of immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgG,IgM,inter-leukin(IL)-4,and IL-10 concentrations were observed,coupled with a reduction in IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,interferon(IFN)-γ,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αconcentrations in the serum of lactating goats fed ES24-7.Higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA),acetate,and propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 inoculated silage.Moreover,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2(NFE2L2),beta-carotene oxygenase 1(BCO1),SOD1,SOD2,SOD3,GPX2,CAT,glu-tathione-disulfide reductase(GSR),and heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1)genes in the mammary gland,while decreased the levels of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4),TNF,and interferon gamma(IFNG).Conclusions These findings indicated that feeding L.plantarum 24-7 inoculated alfalfa silage not only improved rumen fermentation and milk quality in lactating dairy goats but also boosted their immunity and antioxidant status by modulating the expression of several genes related to antioxidant and inflammation in the mammary gland.

Excellent laccase-like activity of melamine modified Cu-NH_(2)-BDC and selective sensing analyses toward phenols and amines

Nanozymes based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been concentrated on due to their naturally high-disperse metal active sites and the adjustable coordination chemistry. In this work, an N-rich melamine (Mel) was introduced into the Cu-MOF composed of copper(II) nitrate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (Cu-NH_(2)-BDC-Mel) to mimic the laccase, which enzyme-like activities were assessed and applied in sensing analyses toward several phenols and amines. Compared to unmodified Cu-NH_(2)-BDC, the resulting Cu-NH_(2)-BDC-Mel exhibits enhanced laccase-like activity, superior stability and catalytic kinetics. It is demonstrated that melamine-doping has increased nitrogen content as well as the surface area, as a result, exhibits a lower Michaelis–Menten constant (K m) (0.1877 mM) and higher maximum reaction rate (V max) (1.7933 × 10^(−3) mM·min^(−1)) in comparison with that of natural laccase. Based on that, an efficient colorimetric sensing strategy for several phenols and amines was built up with excellent selectivity and anti-interference by using the laccase-like Cu-NH_(2)-BDC-Mel, the detection limits are 3.51 µM of adrenaline and 4.41 µM of dopamine. The work broadens the prospect development of bio-colorimetric sensing based on the ligand-modified Cu-MOFs nanozymes catalysis.

Molecular Oxygen Abundance in Galactic Massive Star Formation Regions Based on SWAS Observations

Molecular oxygen abundance is a key parameter in understanding the chemical network of the interstellar medium.We estimate the molecular oxygen column density and abundance for a sample of Galactic massive star formation regions based on observations from the Submillimiter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)survey.We obtained an averaged O_(2)spectrum based on this sample using the(SWAS)survey data(O_(2),487.249 GHz,N=3-1,J=3-2).No emission or absorption feature is seen around the supposed central velocity with a total integration time of t_(total)=8.67×10^(3)hr and an rms noise per channel of 1.45 m K.Assuming a kinetic temperature T_(kin)=30 K,we derive the 3σupper limit of the O_(2)column density to be 3.3×10^(15)cm^(-2),close to the lowest values reported in Galactic massive star formation regions in previous studies.The corresponding O_(2)abundance upper limit is6.7×10^(-8),lower than all previous results based on SWAS observations and is close to the lowest reported value in massive star formation regions.On a galactic scale,our statistical results confirm a generally low O_(2)abundance for Galactic massive star formation regions.This abundance is also lower than results reported in extragalactic sources.

OsFK1 encodes C-14 sterol reductase,which is involved in sterol biosynthesis and affects premature aging of leaves in rice

The enzyme C-14 sterol reductase is involved in biosynthesis of brassinosteroids(BR)and sterols,as well as plant development.OsFK1,a member of the sterol biosynthesis pathway located in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),encodes C-14 sterol reductase.However,there is little research on the function of C-14 sterol reductase in rice.Compared with the wild type,an osfk1 mutant showed dwarf phenotype and premature aging in the second leaf during the trefoil stage,and abnormal development of leaf veins during the tillering stage.The osfk1 mutant showed signs of aberrant PCD,as evidenced by TUNEL staining.This suggested that high ROS buildup caused DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell death in the mutant.The osfk1 mutant also showed decreased chlorophyll content and aberrant chloroplast structure.Sequencing of the osfk1 mutant allele revealed a non-synonymous G to A mutation in the final intron,leading to early termination.Here,we identified the OsFK1 allele,cloned it by Mutmap sequencing,and verified it by complementation.HPLC-MS/MS assays demonstrated that the osfk1 mutation caused lower phytosterol levels.These findings showed that the OsFK1 allele encoding C-14 sterol reductase is involved in phytosterol biosynthesis and mediates normal development of rice plants.

Individualized anti-thrombotic therapy for acute myocardial infarction complicated with left ventricular thrombus: A case report

BACKGROUND Presently,there is no established standard anti-blood clot therapy for patients facing acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by left ventricular thrombus(LVT).While vitamin K antagonists are the preferred choice for oral blood thinning,determining the best course of blood-thinning medication remains challenging.It is unclear if non-vitamin K antagonist oral blood thinners have different effectiveness in treating LVT.This study significantly contributes to the medical community.CASE SUMMARY The blood-thinning treatment of a patient with AMI and LVT was analyzed.Triple blood-thinning therapy included daily enteric-coated aspirin tablets at 0.1 g,daily clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate at 75 mg,and dabigatran etexilate at 110 mg twice daily.After 15 d,the patient’s LVT did not decrease but instead increased.Clinical pharmacists comprehensively analyzed the cases from the perspective of the patient’s disease status and drug interaction.The drug regimen was reformulated for the patient,replacing dabigatran etexilate with warfarin,and was administered for six months.The clinical pharmacist provided the patient with professional and standardized pharmaceutical services.The patient’s condition was discharged after meeting the international normalized ratio value(2-3)criteria.The patient fully complied with the follow-up,and the time in the therapeutic range was 78.57%,with no serious adverse effects during pharmaceutical monitoring.CONCLUSION Warfarin proves to be an effective drug for patients with AMI complicated by LVT,and its blood-thinning course lasts for six months.

Different lymph node staging systems for predicting the prognosis of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a rare malignancy that primarily arises from the diffuse distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the colon and rectum.Previous studies have pointed out that the status of lymph node may be used to predict the prognosis.AIM To investigate the predictive values of lymph node ratio(LNR),positive lymph node(PLN),and log odds of PLNs(LODDS)staging systems on the prognosis of colorectal NENs treated surgically,and compare their predictive values.METHODS This cohort study included 895 patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.The endpoint was mortality of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically.X-tile software was utilized to identify most suitable thresholds for categorizing the LNR,PLN,and LODDS.Participants were selected in a random manner to form training and testing sets.The prognosis of surgically treating colorectal NENs was examined using multivariate cox analysis to assess the associations of LNR,PLN,and LODDS with the prognosis of colorectal NENs.C-index was used for assessing the predictive effectiveness.We conducted a subgroup analysis to explore the different lymph node staging systems’predictive values.RESULTS After adjusting all confounding factors,PLN,LNR and LODDS staging systems were linked with mortality in patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically(P<0.05).We found that LODDS staging had a higher prognostic value for patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically than PLN and LNR staging systems.Similar results were obtained in the different G staging subgroup analyses.Furthermore,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for LODDS staging system remained consistently higher than those of PLN or LNR,even at the 1-,2-,3-,4-,5-and 6-year follow-up periods.CONCLUSION LNR,PLN,and LODDS were found to significantly predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal NENs treated surgically.

Exploring Sulfur Chemistry in TMC-1 with NSRT

There have been several studies on sulfur depletion in dense cores like TMC-1(Taurus Molecular Cloud 1),employing updated reaction networks for sulfur species to explain the missing sulfur in the gas within dense clouds.Most of these studies used a C/O ratio of 0.7 or lower.We present NSRT(NanShan 26m Radio Telescope)observations of TMC-1 alongside results from time-dependent chemical simulations using an updated chemical network.Our findings highlight the impact of the C/O ratio on the gas-phase evolution of C2S and C3S.The simulation results show that the C/O ratio is an important parameter,playing a fundamental role in determining the gas-phase abundances of sulfur species in dense cores.

Protective Effect of Naringenin on Acute Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

[Objectives]To investigate the protective mechanism of naringenin on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(AMI-RI)in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.[Methods]A total of 32 SD rats with AMI-RI model construction were randomly divided into AMI-RI model control group and citrus pigment A/B/C groups(n=8).The naringenin A,B,and C groups were administrated 20,40 and 80 mg/(kg•d)for 10 d.The AMI group served as the negative control and was not treated.At the conclusion of the treatment regimen,a sample of intraventricular blood was collected for the purpose of measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),glutathione peroxidase(GLH-PX),nitric oxide(NO),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.Additionally,myocardial tissue was identified within the ischemic region.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was determined by inducing nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and endodermal nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)positive cells in the left anterior descending coronary artery.[Results]Following citrus treatment,the contents of GLH-PX and SOD in ventricular blood of the citrus B group were found to be significantly elevated,while the contents of NO and LDH in myocardial MDA and ventricle were observed to be significantly reduced.The number of eNOS-positive cells was significantly increased,while the number of iNOS-positive cells was significantly decreased.The difference was statistically significant when compared with the AMI-RI group(P<0.05).The changes observed in the above indicators in the citrus C group were more pronounced than those observed in the citrus B group.The difference between the citrus C and the B group was statistically significant(P<0.05),indicating that this effect is concentration dependent.[Conclusions]In addition to its ability to inhibit myocardial lipid peroxidation during AMI-RI by increasing SOD activity,naringenin may also affect the synthesis and release of NO by regulating eNOS and iNOS,thereby achieving protection against AMI-RI.One effect is enhanced as the dose of the drug increases.

促进还是抑制:转移支付对地方基本医疗卫生服务供给的影响研究

基本医疗卫生服务直接关乎民众健康和民生福祉,地方政府在基本医疗卫生服务供给中承担主要责任。作为弥补纵向财政失衡与缩小横向财力差距的政策工具,转移支付在促进地方基本医疗卫生服务供给方面具有重要作用。为此,本文立足中国式财政分权这一典型事实,基于30个省份面板数据构建固定效应模型,实证检验了转移支付对基本医疗卫生服务供给的影响。研究发现:转移支付制度总体上促进了地方基本医疗卫生服务供给,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。而且,这种正向促进作用存在显著的区域与转移支付结构异质性。鉴于此,指导部门应纵深推进财政体制改革、进一步完善转移支付制度、优化转移支付结构、综合施策以激励引导地方政府更加关注基本医疗卫生服务供给。

Personalized Perioperative Care for a Patient with a 10-Year-Old Postpartum Old Thrombus after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and has become the main cause threatening women’s health. A case of breast cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was discharged after active treatment and nursing.

Investigating Sulfur Chemistry in the HD163296 Disk

Sulfur chemistry in the formation process of low-mass stars and planets remains poorly understood.The protoplanetary disks are the birthplace of planets and its distinctive environment provides an intriguing platform for investigating models of sulfur chemistry.We analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CS 7-6 transitions in the HD 163296 disk and performed astrochemical modeling to explore its sulfur chemistry.We simulated the distribution of sulfur-containing molecules and compared it with observationally deduced fractional column densities.We have found that the simulated column density of CS is consistent with the observationally deduced fractional column densities,while the simulated column density of C_(2)S is lower than the observationally deduced upper limits on column densities.This results indicate that we have a good understanding of the chemical properties of CS and C_(2)S in the disk.We also investigated the influence of the C/O ratio on sulfur-containing molecules and found that the column densities of SO,SO_(2),and H_2S near the centra star are dependent on the C/O ratio.Additionally,we found that the N[CS]/N[SO]ratio can serve as a promising indicator of the disk’s C/O ratio in HD 163296.Overall,the disk of HD 163296 provides a favorable environmen for the detection of sulfur-containing molecules.

高危Ⅱ期结肠癌不同化疗决策的成本-效用分析

背景结肠癌的发病率及死亡率逐年上升.对于Ⅱ期结肠癌,目前大部分指南仅建议具有高危因素的患者进行化疗.但是治疗决策往往受到资源限制和成本的影响,因此从药物经济学角度评价化疗的受益情况至关重要.目的评估高危Ⅱ期结肠癌患者化疗的成本-效用.方法应用TreeagePro2011软件建立两个马尔科夫(Markov)模型分别代表化疗期和随访期.以质量调整生命年(quality-adjusted life years,QALYs)衡量健康结果,以增量成本-效用比(incremental cost effectiveness ratio,ICER)为治疗策略经济学效益的评价指标并对结果进行敏感性分析.结果通过建立的无病生存期(disease free survival,DFS)曲线进行生存分析,Ⅱ期结肠癌患者可以从化疗中受益(P<0.0001).亚叶酸/5-氟尿嘧啶/奥沙利铂(folinic acid/5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin,FOLFOX)方案相比观察组的增量成本为27917.36元,增量效用为1.47 QALY,增量成本效用比为18913.88元/QALY.当WTP=216600元时,Monte Carlo模拟分析表明FOLFOX方案相比于观察组具有成本-效用的概率是100%.结论具有高危因素的Ⅱ期结肠癌患者采用FOLFOX方案化疗具有较好的成本-效用.

社区自我管理小组干预对2型糖尿病患者综合控制情况的长期和短期效果研究

背景糖尿病自我管理是降低疾病影响及改善预后的重要手段。目前,糖尿病自我管理研究多以干预后短期效果评价为主,对长期效果的追踪报告较少。目的评价社区自我管理小组活动对2型糖尿病患者综合控制情况的长期和短期效果。方法于2014年3月,在北京市房山区招募500例成年2型糖尿病患者,随机分入对照组(n=241)和干预组(n=259)。两组患者均接受常规糖尿病随访服务,干预组患者在此基础上开展为期3个月的糖尿病自我管理小组活动。在干预前、3个月干预结束时、干预结束后2年和5年分别进行调查,收集两组患者的人口学信息、疾病信息、糖尿病综合控制指标[体质指数(BMI)、血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]。采用广义估计方程分析自我管理小组活动主效应,以及自我管理小组活动与干预后时间的交互效应。结果调整协变量后,自我管理小组活动在BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、TG、LDL-C上的主效应不显著(P>0.05)。时间在各项指标上的主效应显著(P<0.05),相较于基线,患者BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C升高,TG降低。自我管理小组活动与干预后时间对BMI[β(95%CI)=-0.33(-0.62,-0.05)]、FPG[β(95%CI)=-1.03(-1.71,-0.35)]、TG[β(95%CI)=-0.54(-0.93,-0.14)]的影响存在交互效应:干预前干预组BMI比对照组低0.31 kg/m2,干预3个月后比对照组低0.64 kg/m2;干预前干预组FPG比对照组高0.19 mmol/L,干预后2年比对照组低0.84 mmol/L;干预前干预组TG比对照组高0.03 mmol/L,干预后5年比对照组低0.51 mmol/L。结论自我管理小组活动对2型糖尿病患者BMI控制有短期效果,对FPG、TG控制可能有长期效果。

近视防控门诊7~14岁儿童干眼的患病率及危险因素分析

目的:分析近视防控门诊7~14岁儿童干眼的患病率及其危险因素。方法:纳入2021-12/2022-02就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院近视防控门诊的7~14岁儿童222例,收集纳入儿童的一般资料,通过眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表和Keratograph 5M非侵入性眼表综合分析仪评估纳入儿童干眼患病率,并采用Logistic回归模型分析干眼发生的危险因素。结果:近视防控门诊儿童干眼的患病率为27.9%。Logistic回归分析显示,过敏性结膜炎(OR=2.31,95%CI=1.12~4.78,P=0.02)、屈光不正(OR=5.57,95%CI=2.40~12.94,P<0.01)、每天使用电子产品总时间>2h(OR=2.74,95%CI=1.11~6.78,P=0.03)、每天使用电子产品打游戏时间>2h(OR=2.33,95%CI=1.12~4.84,P=0.02)、每天户外活动时间≤2h(OR=4.28,95%CI=2.02~9.07,P<0.01)、每天睡眠时间<8h(OR=3.23,95%CI=1.44~7.27,P=0.01)均是儿童干眼发生的危险因素。结论:近视防控门诊儿童干眼的患病率较高,应得到关注与重视,可通过改善行为习惯、控制视频终端电子产品使用时间等措施预防及减缓儿童干眼的发生。

High-Performance 3D Li-B-C-Al Alloy Anode and its Twofold Li Electrostripping and Plating Mechanism Revealed by Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography

The uncontrollable Li electrostripping and plating process that results in dendritic Li growth and huge volume change of Li anode limits the practicality of Li metal batteries(LMBs).To simultaneously address these issues,designing three-dimensional(3D),lithiophilic and mechanically robust electrodes seems to be one of the cost-effective strategies.Herein,a new 3D Li-B-C-Al alloy anode is designed and fabricated.The prepared 3D alloy anode exhibits not only superior lithiophilicity that facilitates uniform Li nucleation and growth but also sufficient mechanical stability that maintains its structural integrity.Superior performance of the prepared 3D alloy is demonstrated through comprehensive electrochemical tests.In addition,non-destructive and 3D synchrotron X-ray computed tomography(SX-CT)technique is employed to investigate the underlying working mechanisms of the prepared alloy anode.A unique twofold Li electrostripping and plating mechanism under different electrochemical cycling conditions is revealed.Lastly,improved performance of the full cells built with the 3D alloy anode and LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cathode corroborate its potential application capability.Overall,the current work not only showcases the superiority of the 3D alloy as potential anode material for LMBs but also provides fundamental insights into its underlying working mechanisms that may further propel its research and development.

Regulation of vegetation pattern on the hydrodynamic processes of erosion on hillslope in Loess Plateau,China

As vegetation are closely related to soil erosion,hydrodynamic parameter changes under various vegetation pattern conditions can be used as an important basis for the research of the soil erosion mechanism.Through upstream water inflow experiments conducted on a loess hillslope,how the vegetation pattern influences the hydrodynamic processes of sediment transport was analyzed.The results show that the placement of a grass strip on the lower upslope can effectively reduce runoff erosion by 69%,relying on the efficiency of regulated hydrodynamic process.The effective location of grass strip for hillslope alleviating erosion is on the lower part of the upslope,mainly due to the grass strip measure used to regulate the hydrodynamic system.As a result,the underlying surface runoff resistance is increased by 5 times,runoff shear stress is decreased by more than 90%,and runoff power decreased by over 92%.The measure greatly separates the scouring energy of surface runoff that acts on the slope soil.Therefore,the use of grass strips effectively decreases the energy of runoff flowing along the slope,eliminating soil erosion to a great extent and thereby achieving a better regulation of hydrodynamic processe.

Cooperative catalytic platinum species accelerating polysulfide redox reactions for Li-S batteries

The shuttle effect derived from diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetic bring about poor cycling stability and low utilization of sulfur,which have always been the key challenging issues for the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries.Rational design of cathode materials to catalyze Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation processes is an appealing and valid strategy to develop high-energy practical Li-S batteries.Herein,considering the synergistic effect of bidirectional catalysis on LiPSs conversion and enhanced chemical immobilization for LiPSs by heteroatom doping,Pt nanoparticles loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon spheres(Pt/NCS composites) were constructed as cathode materials.According to the dynamic evolution of Pt catalysts and sulfur species,Pt~0 and Pt^(2+) species were identified as active species for the accelerated dissociation and nucleation of Li_(2)S,respectively.Meanwhile,in-situ Raman results demonstrated the expedited conversion of sulfur species resulted from bidirectional catalysis of active Pt species,corresponding to boosted redox kinetics.Consequently,Pt/NCS cathode exhibited improved long-term cyclability with high initial capacity,along with enhanced rate capability.This work provides a facile approach to construct cathode materials with bidirectional catalysis on Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation,and sheds light on a more global understanding of the catalytic mechanism of metal catalysts during LiPSs conversion.

Anomaly Detection for Cloud Systems with Dynamic Spatiotemporal Learning

As cloud system architectures evolve continuously,the interac-tions among distributed components in various roles become increasingly complex.This complexity makes it difficult to detect anomalies in cloud systems.The system status can no longer be determined through individual key performance indicators(KPIs)but through joint judgments based on syn-ergistic relationships among distributed components.Furthermore,anomalies in modern cloud systems are usually not sudden crashes but rather grad-ual,chronic,localized failures or quality degradations in a weakly available state.Therefore,accurately modeling cloud systems and mining the hidden system state is crucial.To address this challenge,we propose an anomaly detection method with dynamic spatiotemporal learning(AD-DSTL).AD-DSTL leverages the spatiotemporal dynamics of the system to train an end-to-end deep learning model driven by data from system monitoring to detect underlying anomalous states in complex cloud systems.Unlike previous work that focuses on the KPIs of separate components,AD-DSTL builds a model for the entire system and characterizes its spatiotemporal dynamics based on graph convolutional networks(GCN)and long short-term memory(LSTM).We validated AD-DSTL using four datasets from different backgrounds,and it demonstrated superior robustness compared to other baseline algorithms.Moreover,when raising the target exception level,both the recall and precision of AD-DSTL reached approximately 0.9.Our experimental results demon-strate that AD-DSTL can meet the requirements of anomaly detection for complex cloud systems.