目的采用Meta分析方法探讨中国儿童支气管哮喘控制不良的状况及影响因素,为避免儿童哮喘恶化提供循证依据。方法检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science、Pubmed、Cochrane、Embase数...目的采用Meta分析方法探讨中国儿童支气管哮喘控制不良的状况及影响因素,为避免儿童哮喘恶化提供循证依据。方法检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science、Pubmed、Cochrane、Embase数据库中关于中国儿童支气管哮喘控制不良情况及影响因素的病例对照研究、队列研究及横断面研究文献,检索时限从建库至2023年4月,按照纳入与排除标准由两名研究者独立筛选文献及质量评价,采用Stata17软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,涉及16008例患儿,儿童支气管哮喘控制不良发生率为49%(95%CI:0.43,0.55),亚组分析显示,不同症状评估工具和地区的哮喘控制不良率差异较大,其中GINA工具70%(95%CI:0.61,0.78)和西北地区67%(95%CI:0.58,0.75)最高。反复呼吸道感染、用药依从性、哮喘家族史、过敏性鼻炎、未定期复诊、被动吸烟史以及个人过敏史是哮喘控制不良的危险因素,患儿家长学历、家庭经济水平和家长认知水平是保护因素。经过敏感性分析和Egger检验后,无明显发表偏倚。结论中国儿童哮喘控制不良发生率较高,反复呼吸道感染、用药依从性、哮喘家族史、过敏性鼻炎、未定期复诊、被动吸烟史、个人过敏史、家长学历、家庭经济水平和家长认知水平是哮喘控制不良的影响因素。展开更多
目的通过Meta分析探讨抑郁症患者的服药依从率及其影响因素。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Scopus、Ovid、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方数据库中抑郁症患者服药依从性...目的通过Meta分析探讨抑郁症患者的服药依从率及其影响因素。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Scopus、Ovid、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方数据库中抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素的相关文献,检索时间从建库至2023年9月。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献,并对纳入文献进行数据提取和质量评价,使用Stata 17.0软件进行分析。结果最终纳入30篇文献,总样本量为550115例,其中服药依从的患者有230669名,抑郁症患者服药依从率为53.8%[95%CI(45.1%,62.5%),P<0.001]。亚组分析结果显示,国内患者的依从率(48%)低于国外患者(60%);2004—2018年服药依从率呈上升趋势,2019年后降低;来自门诊的患者依从率(50%)低于其他来源的患者;使用服药信念量表(Beliefs about Medical Questionnaire,BMQ)测量的患者依从率(60%)高于其他量表;诊断标准使用《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版(CCMD-3)的患者服药依从率最低(23%)。Meta分析结果显示,月收入水平[OR=2.45,95%CI(0.85,4.61),P=0.046]、工作状况[OR=2.35,95%CI(1.31,4.19),P=0.004]、社会支持水平[OR=2.82,95%CI(1.24,6.39),P=0.013]、病耻感[OR=3.48,95%CI(1.84,6.56),P<0.001]、人格特质[OR=1.43,95%CI(0.68,3.01),P=0.001]、对医务人员态度[OR=7.60,95%CI(3.64,15.82),P<0.001]、焦虑[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.24,2.07),P<0.001]、疾病认知[OR=5.53,95%CI(2.41,12.67),P<0.001]和药物种类[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.32,0.76),P=0.001]是抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素。结论现有研究证据表明,目前抑郁症患者服药依从率较低。国内外、不同时间段、不同来源、使用不同测量工具和诊断标准等患者的服药依从率存在明显差异;一般因素(月收入水平、工作状况)、社会心理因素(社会支持水平、病耻感、人格特质、对医务人员态度)、疾病因素(焦虑、疾病认知)和药物种类是抑郁症患者服药依从性的主要影响因素,今后需针对相关因素实施个性化的干预措施,以提高患者的服药依从性,改善抑郁症的预后。展开更多
目的通过Meta分析评估我国老年共病患者衰弱的患病率。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库,检索时限为从建库至2024年3月5日。采用Stata 1...目的通过Meta分析评估我国老年共病患者衰弱的患病率。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库,检索时限为从建库至2024年3月5日。采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入23篇文献,共包括12604例老年共病患者。Meta分析结果显示,老年共病患者衰弱患病率为39.7%(95%CI 34.2%~45.3%)。亚组分析结果显示,衰弱患病率随着年龄的增长递增,且具有认知障碍的老年共病患者衰弱患病率更高;样本量<300人比样本量≥300人的患病率高,采用Tilburg衰弱评估量表进行衰弱调查的患病率最高、Fried衰弱表型评估量表次之、Frail衰弱筛查量表最低(均P<0.01)。结论当前证据显示,我国老年共病患者衰弱患病率为39.7%,其中年龄≥80岁、具有认知障碍的人群患病率更高,应当重视对该人群衰弱的早期筛查与管理,从而延缓或防止衰弱的发生。展开更多
Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of nob...Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of noble metals.This study demonstrates a catalyst preparation method to modulate a weak encapsulation of Pt metal nanoparticles(NPs)with the supported TiO_(2),achieving the moderate suppression of SMSI effects.The introduction of silica inhibits this encapsulation,as reflected in the characterization results such as XPS and HRTEM,while the Ti^(4+) to Ti^(3+) conversion due to SMSI can still be found on the support surface.Furthermore,the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)as a probe reaction revealed that once this encapsulation behavior was suppressed,the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for small molecules like H_(2) and CO was enhanced,which thereby improved the catalytic activity and facilitated the hydrogenation of CAL.Meanwhile,the introduction of SiO_(2) also changed the surface structure of the catalyst,which inhibited the occurrence of the acetal reaction and improved the conversion efficiency of C=O and C=C hydrogenation.Systematic manipulation of SMSI formation and its consequence on the performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are discussed.展开更多
Polymerflooding is an effective method widely applied for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)by reducing the mobility ratio between theinjected water and crude oil.However,traditional polymers encounter challenges in high sali...Polymerflooding is an effective method widely applied for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)by reducing the mobility ratio between theinjected water and crude oil.However,traditional polymers encounter challenges in high salinity reservoirs due to their salt sensitivity.Toovercome this challenge,we synthesized a zwitterion polymer(PAMNS)with salt-induced tackifying property through copolymerization ofacrylamide and a zwitterion monomer,methylacrylamide propyl-N,N-dimethylbutylsulfonate(NS).NS monomer is obtained from thereaction between 1,4-butanesultone and dimethylamino propyl methylacrylamide.In this study,the rheological properties,salt responsiveness,and EOR efficiency of PAMNS were evaluated.Results demonstrate that PAMNS exhibits desirable salt-induced tackifyingcharacteristics,with viscosity increasing up to 2.4 times as the NaCl concentration reaches a salinity of 30×10^(4)mg L^(-1).Furthermore,highvalence ions possess a much stronger effect on enhancing viscosity,manifested as Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+).Molecular dynamics simulations(MD)andfluid dynamics experiment results demonstrate that PAMNS molecules exhibit a more stretched state and enhanced intermolecularassociations in high-salinity environments.It is because of the salt-induced tackifying,PAMNS demonstrates superior performance inpolymerflooding experiments under salinity ranges from 5×10^(4)mg L^(-1)to 20×10^(4)mg L^(-1),leading to 10.38–19.83%higher EOR thantraditional polymers.展开更多
Improving the efficiency of metal/reducible metal oxide interfacial sites for hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated groups(e.g.,C=C and C=O)is a promising yet challenging endeavor.In our study,we developed a Pd/CeO_(...Improving the efficiency of metal/reducible metal oxide interfacial sites for hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated groups(e.g.,C=C and C=O)is a promising yet challenging endeavor.In our study,we developed a Pd/CeO_(2) catalyst by enhancing the oxygen vacancy(O V)concentration in CeO_(2) through high-temperature treatment.This process led to the formation of an interface structure ideal for supporting the hydrogenation of methyl oleate to methyl stearate.Specifi cally,metal Pd^(0) atoms bonded to the O V in defective CeO_(2) formed Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,enabling strong electron transfer from CeO_(2) to Pd.The interfacial sites exhibit a synergistic adsorption eff ect on the reaction substrate.Pd^(0) sites promote the adsorption and activation of C=C bonds,while O V preferably adsorbs C=O bonds,mitigating competition with C=C bonds for Pd^(0) adsorption sites.This synergy ensures rapid C=C bond activation and accelerates the attack of active H*species on the semi-hydrogenated intermediate.As a result,our Pd/CeO_(2)-500 catalyst,enriched with Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,dem-onstrated excellent hydrogenation activity at just 30℃.The catalyst achieved a Cis-C18:1 conversion rate of 99.8% and a methyl stearate formation rate of 5.7 mol/(h·g metal).This work revealed the interfacial sites for enhanced hydrogenation reactions and provided ideas for designing highly active hydrogenation catalysts.展开更多
Capturing and utilizing CO_(2)from the production process is the key to solving the excessive CO_(2)emission problem. CO_(2)hydrogenation with green hydrogen to produce olefins is an effective and promising way to uti...Capturing and utilizing CO_(2)from the production process is the key to solving the excessive CO_(2)emission problem. CO_(2)hydrogenation with green hydrogen to produce olefins is an effective and promising way to utilize CO_(2)and produce valuable chemicals. The olefins can be produced by CO_(2)hydrogenation through two routes, i.e., CO_(2)-FTS (carbon dioxide Fischer- Tropsch synthesis) and MeOH (methanol-mediated), among which CO_(2)-FTS has significant advantages over MeOH in practical applications due to its relatively high CO_(2)conversion and low energy consumption potentials. However, the CO_(2)-FTS faces challenges of difficult CO_(2)activation and low olefins selectivity. Iron-based catalysts are promising for CO_(2)-FTS due to their dual functionality of catalyzing RWGS and CO-FTS reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress on iron-based catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation via the FTS route and analyzes the catalyst optimization from the perspectives of additives, active sites, and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, we also outline principles and challenges for rational design of high-performance CO_(2)-FTS catalysts.展开更多
In response to the additional load impact caused by the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid or microgrids (MGs), as well as the issue of low responsiveness of EV users during vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) ...In response to the additional load impact caused by the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid or microgrids (MGs), as well as the issue of low responsiveness of EV users during vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) power exchange processes, this paper explores a multi-party energy trading model considering user responsiveness under low carbon goals. The model takes into account the stochastic charging and discharging characteristics of EVs, user satisfaction, and energy exchange costs, and formulates utility functions for participating entities. This transforms the competition in multi-party energy trading into a Bayesian game problem, which is subsequently resolved. Furthermore, this paper primarily employs sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of multi-party energy trading on user responsiveness and green energy utilization, with the aim of promoting incentives in the electricity trading market and aligning with low-carbon requirements. Finally, through case simulations, the effectiveness of this model for the considered scenarios is demonstrated.展开更多
文摘目的采用Meta分析方法探讨中国儿童支气管哮喘控制不良的状况及影响因素,为避免儿童哮喘恶化提供循证依据。方法检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science、Pubmed、Cochrane、Embase数据库中关于中国儿童支气管哮喘控制不良情况及影响因素的病例对照研究、队列研究及横断面研究文献,检索时限从建库至2023年4月,按照纳入与排除标准由两名研究者独立筛选文献及质量评价,采用Stata17软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,涉及16008例患儿,儿童支气管哮喘控制不良发生率为49%(95%CI:0.43,0.55),亚组分析显示,不同症状评估工具和地区的哮喘控制不良率差异较大,其中GINA工具70%(95%CI:0.61,0.78)和西北地区67%(95%CI:0.58,0.75)最高。反复呼吸道感染、用药依从性、哮喘家族史、过敏性鼻炎、未定期复诊、被动吸烟史以及个人过敏史是哮喘控制不良的危险因素,患儿家长学历、家庭经济水平和家长认知水平是保护因素。经过敏感性分析和Egger检验后,无明显发表偏倚。结论中国儿童哮喘控制不良发生率较高,反复呼吸道感染、用药依从性、哮喘家族史、过敏性鼻炎、未定期复诊、被动吸烟史、个人过敏史、家长学历、家庭经济水平和家长认知水平是哮喘控制不良的影响因素。
文摘目的通过Meta分析探讨抑郁症患者的服药依从率及其影响因素。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Scopus、Ovid、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方数据库中抑郁症患者服药依从性影响因素的相关文献,检索时间从建库至2023年9月。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献,并对纳入文献进行数据提取和质量评价,使用Stata 17.0软件进行分析。结果最终纳入30篇文献,总样本量为550115例,其中服药依从的患者有230669名,抑郁症患者服药依从率为53.8%[95%CI(45.1%,62.5%),P<0.001]。亚组分析结果显示,国内患者的依从率(48%)低于国外患者(60%);2004—2018年服药依从率呈上升趋势,2019年后降低;来自门诊的患者依从率(50%)低于其他来源的患者;使用服药信念量表(Beliefs about Medical Questionnaire,BMQ)测量的患者依从率(60%)高于其他量表;诊断标准使用《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第3版(CCMD-3)的患者服药依从率最低(23%)。Meta分析结果显示,月收入水平[OR=2.45,95%CI(0.85,4.61),P=0.046]、工作状况[OR=2.35,95%CI(1.31,4.19),P=0.004]、社会支持水平[OR=2.82,95%CI(1.24,6.39),P=0.013]、病耻感[OR=3.48,95%CI(1.84,6.56),P<0.001]、人格特质[OR=1.43,95%CI(0.68,3.01),P=0.001]、对医务人员态度[OR=7.60,95%CI(3.64,15.82),P<0.001]、焦虑[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.24,2.07),P<0.001]、疾病认知[OR=5.53,95%CI(2.41,12.67),P<0.001]和药物种类[OR=0.49,95%CI(0.32,0.76),P=0.001]是抑郁症患者服药依从性的影响因素。结论现有研究证据表明,目前抑郁症患者服药依从率较低。国内外、不同时间段、不同来源、使用不同测量工具和诊断标准等患者的服药依从率存在明显差异;一般因素(月收入水平、工作状况)、社会心理因素(社会支持水平、病耻感、人格特质、对医务人员态度)、疾病因素(焦虑、疾病认知)和药物种类是抑郁症患者服药依从性的主要影响因素,今后需针对相关因素实施个性化的干预措施,以提高患者的服药依从性,改善抑郁症的预后。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576291,22003076)National Natural Science Foundation of China-Outstanding Youth foundation(22322814)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX03007A,22CX06012A)are gratefully acknowledge。
文摘Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of noble metals.This study demonstrates a catalyst preparation method to modulate a weak encapsulation of Pt metal nanoparticles(NPs)with the supported TiO_(2),achieving the moderate suppression of SMSI effects.The introduction of silica inhibits this encapsulation,as reflected in the characterization results such as XPS and HRTEM,while the Ti^(4+) to Ti^(3+) conversion due to SMSI can still be found on the support surface.Furthermore,the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)as a probe reaction revealed that once this encapsulation behavior was suppressed,the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for small molecules like H_(2) and CO was enhanced,which thereby improved the catalytic activity and facilitated the hydrogenation of CAL.Meanwhile,the introduction of SiO_(2) also changed the surface structure of the catalyst,which inhibited the occurrence of the acetal reaction and improved the conversion efficiency of C=O and C=C hydrogenation.Systematic manipulation of SMSI formation and its consequence on the performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are discussed.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52120105007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019Y FA0708700)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Polymerflooding is an effective method widely applied for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)by reducing the mobility ratio between theinjected water and crude oil.However,traditional polymers encounter challenges in high salinity reservoirs due to their salt sensitivity.Toovercome this challenge,we synthesized a zwitterion polymer(PAMNS)with salt-induced tackifying property through copolymerization ofacrylamide and a zwitterion monomer,methylacrylamide propyl-N,N-dimethylbutylsulfonate(NS).NS monomer is obtained from thereaction between 1,4-butanesultone and dimethylamino propyl methylacrylamide.In this study,the rheological properties,salt responsiveness,and EOR efficiency of PAMNS were evaluated.Results demonstrate that PAMNS exhibits desirable salt-induced tackifyingcharacteristics,with viscosity increasing up to 2.4 times as the NaCl concentration reaches a salinity of 30×10^(4)mg L^(-1).Furthermore,highvalence ions possess a much stronger effect on enhancing viscosity,manifested as Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+).Molecular dynamics simulations(MD)andfluid dynamics experiment results demonstrate that PAMNS molecules exhibit a more stretched state and enhanced intermolecularassociations in high-salinity environments.It is because of the salt-induced tackifying,PAMNS demonstrates superior performance inpolymerflooding experiments under salinity ranges from 5×10^(4)mg L^(-1)to 20×10^(4)mg L^(-1),leading to 10.38–19.83%higher EOR thantraditional polymers.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4203800).
文摘Improving the efficiency of metal/reducible metal oxide interfacial sites for hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated groups(e.g.,C=C and C=O)is a promising yet challenging endeavor.In our study,we developed a Pd/CeO_(2) catalyst by enhancing the oxygen vacancy(O V)concentration in CeO_(2) through high-temperature treatment.This process led to the formation of an interface structure ideal for supporting the hydrogenation of methyl oleate to methyl stearate.Specifi cally,metal Pd^(0) atoms bonded to the O V in defective CeO_(2) formed Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,enabling strong electron transfer from CeO_(2) to Pd.The interfacial sites exhibit a synergistic adsorption eff ect on the reaction substrate.Pd^(0) sites promote the adsorption and activation of C=C bonds,while O V preferably adsorbs C=O bonds,mitigating competition with C=C bonds for Pd^(0) adsorption sites.This synergy ensures rapid C=C bond activation and accelerates the attack of active H*species on the semi-hydrogenated intermediate.As a result,our Pd/CeO_(2)-500 catalyst,enriched with Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,dem-onstrated excellent hydrogenation activity at just 30℃.The catalyst achieved a Cis-C18:1 conversion rate of 99.8% and a methyl stearate formation rate of 5.7 mol/(h·g metal).This work revealed the interfacial sites for enhanced hydrogenation reactions and provided ideas for designing highly active hydrogenation catalysts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Outstanding Youth Foundation (No. 22322814)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22108144)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong-Outstanding Youth Foundation (No. ZR2023YQ017)。
文摘Capturing and utilizing CO_(2)from the production process is the key to solving the excessive CO_(2)emission problem. CO_(2)hydrogenation with green hydrogen to produce olefins is an effective and promising way to utilize CO_(2)and produce valuable chemicals. The olefins can be produced by CO_(2)hydrogenation through two routes, i.e., CO_(2)-FTS (carbon dioxide Fischer- Tropsch synthesis) and MeOH (methanol-mediated), among which CO_(2)-FTS has significant advantages over MeOH in practical applications due to its relatively high CO_(2)conversion and low energy consumption potentials. However, the CO_(2)-FTS faces challenges of difficult CO_(2)activation and low olefins selectivity. Iron-based catalysts are promising for CO_(2)-FTS due to their dual functionality of catalyzing RWGS and CO-FTS reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress on iron-based catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation via the FTS route and analyzes the catalyst optimization from the perspectives of additives, active sites, and reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, we also outline principles and challenges for rational design of high-performance CO_(2)-FTS catalysts.
文摘In response to the additional load impact caused by the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the grid or microgrids (MGs), as well as the issue of low responsiveness of EV users during vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) power exchange processes, this paper explores a multi-party energy trading model considering user responsiveness under low carbon goals. The model takes into account the stochastic charging and discharging characteristics of EVs, user satisfaction, and energy exchange costs, and formulates utility functions for participating entities. This transforms the competition in multi-party energy trading into a Bayesian game problem, which is subsequently resolved. Furthermore, this paper primarily employs sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of multi-party energy trading on user responsiveness and green energy utilization, with the aim of promoting incentives in the electricity trading market and aligning with low-carbon requirements. Finally, through case simulations, the effectiveness of this model for the considered scenarios is demonstrated.
