CRBFT:A Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus Protocol Based on Collaborative Filtering Recommendation for Blockchains

Blockchain has been widely used in finance,the Internet of Things(IoT),supply chains,and other scenarios as a revolutionary technology.Consensus protocol plays a vital role in blockchain,which helps all participants to maintain the storage state consistently.However,with the improvement of network environment complexity and system scale,blockchain development is limited by the performance,security,and scalability of the consensus protocol.To address this problem,this paper introduces the collaborative filtering mechanism commonly used in the recommendation system into the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT)and proposes a Byzantine fault-tolerant(BFT)consensus protocol based on collaborative filtering recommendation(CRBFT).Specifically,an improved collaborative filtering recommendation method is designed to use the similarity between a node’s recommendation opinions and those of the recommender as a basis for determining whether to adopt the recommendation opinions.This can amplify the recommendation voice of good nodes,weaken the impact of cunningmalicious nodes on the trust value calculation,andmake the calculated resultsmore accurate.In addition,the nodes are given voting power according to their trust value,and a weight randomelection algorithm is designed and implemented to reduce the risk of attack.The experimental results show that CRBFT can effectively eliminate various malicious nodes and improve the performance of blockchain systems in complex network environments,and the feasibility of CRBFT is also proven by theoretical analysis.

Three-dimensional thermohaline structure estimation derived from HY-2 satellite data over the Maritime Silk Road and its applications

Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction systems.This study employs a statistic regression reconstruction method,in combination with domestic autonomous sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations from the Haiyang-2(HY-2)satellite fusion data,to establish an operational quasi-realtime three-dimensional(3D)temperature and salinity products over the Maritime Silk Road.These products feature a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°and exhibit stability and continuity.We have demonstrated the accuracy of the reconstructed thermohaline fields in capturing the 3D thermohaline variations through comprehensive statistical evaluations,after comparing them against Argo observations and ocean analysis data from 2022.The results illustrate that the reconstructed fields effectively represent seasonal variations in oceanic subsurface structures,along with structural changes resulting from mesoscale processes,and the upper ocean’s responses to tropical cyclones.Furthermore,the incorporation of HY-2 satellite observations notably enhances the accuracy of temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and marginally improves salinity reconstruction accuracy in the North Indian Ocean when compared to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 monthly climatology thermohaline fields.As a result,the reconstructed product holds promise for providing quasi-real-time 3D temperature and salinity field information to facilitate fast decisionmaking during emergencies,and also offers foundational thermohaline fields for operational ocean reanalysis and forecasting systems.These contributions enhance the safety and stability of ocean subsurface activities and navigation.

Big Data Access Control Mechanism Based on Two-Layer Permission Decision Structure

Big data resources are characterized by large scale, wide sources, and strong dynamics. Existing access controlmechanisms based on manual policy formulation by security experts suffer from drawbacks such as low policymanagement efficiency and difficulty in accurately describing the access control policy. To overcome theseproblems, this paper proposes a big data access control mechanism based on a two-layer permission decisionstructure. This mechanism extends the attribute-based access control (ABAC) model. Business attributes areintroduced in the ABAC model as business constraints between entities. The proposed mechanism implementsa two-layer permission decision structure composed of the inherent attributes of access control entities and thebusiness attributes, which constitute the general permission decision algorithm based on logical calculation andthe business permission decision algorithm based on a bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neuralnetwork, respectively. The general permission decision algorithm is used to implement accurate policy decisions,while the business permission decision algorithm implements fuzzy decisions based on the business constraints.The BiLSTM neural network is used to calculate the similarity of the business attributes to realize intelligent,adaptive, and efficient access control permission decisions. Through the two-layer permission decision structure,the complex and diverse big data access control management requirements can be satisfied by considering thesecurity and availability of resources. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism is effective andreliable. In summary, it can efficiently support the secure sharing of big data resources.

对“应用量子化学计算理解溶剂对CH_(3)O^(-)/CH_(3)S^(-)亲核性的影响”的思考与拓展

本文对近期发表于本刊的论文(题目中所示)展开讨论,结合近期溶剂化作用的科研进展,以期更全面地运用量子化学理解溶剂化效应对离子-分子型亲核取代S_(N)2反应的影响。我们增加了可视化图像展示亲核试剂CH_(3)O^(-)/CH_(3)S^(-)的差异,对比气、液相反应势能曲线揭示溶剂化降低亲核性的本质,并且考虑了不同类型的溶剂,使用物理意义明确的前线分子轨道模型阐释溶剂化效应。我们希望通过本文的有益探讨,完善该计算化学辅助有机化学的教学案例。

Investigation in the Effects of Configuration Parameters on the Thermal Behavior of Novel Conical Friction Plate in Continuously Sliding Condition

To investigate the effects of configuration parameters and operation condition on the thermal behavior of novel conical friction plate,a three-dimensional finite element model of conical friction plate is established for numerical simulation.The conical surface configuration and friction heat generation of novel conical friction surfaces are discussed.The results indicate that the thermal behavior of the conical friction plate during continuously sliding period is influenced by the conical surface configuration.Maximum temperature occurs in the conical friction plate with cone angle of 24°.The maximum temperature value of friction plate is increased 7.4°C,when cone depth increases from 3 mm to 4 mm.Thermal behavior investigation should be carried out when optimize conical surface configuration.

Neural network equalization based on delta-sigma modulation

We propose a neural network equalization delta-sigma modulation(DSM)technique.After performing DSM on the multiorder quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)signal at the transmitting end,neural network equalizer technology is used in the digital signal processing at receiving end.Applying this technology to a 4.6 km W-band millimeter wave system,it is possible to achieve a 1 Gbaud 8192-QAM OFDM signal transmission.The data rate reached 23.4 Gbit/s with the bit error rate at 3.8×10^(-2),lower than soft-decision forward-error correction threshold(4×10^(-2)).

High-security multi-constellation shaping modulation with asymmetric encryption

This Letter proposes a high-security modulation scheme for optical transmission systems.By using multi-constellation shaping and asymmetric encryption,the information security can be enhanced and quantum computer cracking can be effectively resisted.Three-dimensional(3D)carrier-less amplitude phase modulation is utilized to superposition and transmit 3D signals.Experimental verification is conducted using a seven-core weakly coupled fiber platform.The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively protect the system from any illegal attacker.

Sealing functional ionic liquids in conjugated microporous polymer membrane by solvent-assisted micropore tightening

Porous organic polymers hold great promise for molecular sieving membrane separation.Although the inclusion of functional ionic liquid(IL)in the pores offers a facile way to manipulate their separation properties,the IL leaching during the separation process is difficult to avoid.Herein,we report a strategy to in-situ encapsulate ILs into the micropores of the conjugated microporous polymer membrane via a 6-min electropolymerization and further seal the aperture of the pores to prevent ILs leaching by solvent-assisted micropore tightening(SAMT).Upon screening the binding energy between different ILs and gas molecules,two ILs were selected to be incorporated into the membrane for CO_(2)/CH_(4) and O_(2)/N_(2) gas separations.The resultant separation performances surpass the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Notably,the ILs can be locked in the micropores by a facile high surface tension solvent treatment process to improve their separation stability,as evidenced by a 7-day continuous test.This simple and controllable process not only enables efficient and steady separation performance but also provides an effective strategy for confining and sealing functional guest molecules in the porous solids for various applications.