Clinical Study of Tianji Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Upper Cervical Spine Fractures

Object: To compare the safety, clinical efficacy, and complication rate of “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery with traditional open surgery in the treatment of cervical vertebrae fracture. Methods: 60 patients with upper cervical vertebrae fracture admitted to Baise People’s Hospital between November 2018 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 29 underwent “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery (Robot group), and 31 underwent traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery (Open group). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software to compare general data (gender, age, BMI), preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, neck disability index (NDI), intraoperative blood loss, accuracy of screw placement on imaging, and the number of complications in both groups for comprehensive evaluation. A P value < 0.05 was deemed to have achieved statistical significance. Results: There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS scores between the two groups (Robot group: 8.34 ± 0.61;Open group: 8.26 ± 0.68, P = 0.317). There was also no significant difference in VAS scores at 1 week postoperatively (Robot group: 6.90 ± 0.31;Open group: 6.94 ± 0.36, P = 0.3237). Preoperative NDI scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (Robot group: 43.31 ± 2.67;Open group: 43.84 ± 2.67, P = 0.2227), and the difference in NDI scores at 1 week postoperatively was also not significant (Robot group: 35.69 ± 4.24;Open group: 37.35 ± 3.48, P = 0.0509). Intraoperative blood loss in the Robot group was significantly lower than in the Open group (246.21 ± 209 ml vs 380.65 ± 328.04 ml, P = 0.0308), with a statistically significant difference. The operation time was longer in the Robot group (3.75 ± 0.74 h) compared to the Open group (2.74 ± 0.86 h). In terms of screw placement accuracy, the Robot group had a higher accuracy rate for Class A screws compared to the Open group (102 screws vs 94 screws, P = 0.0487), and the accuracy rate for Class B screws was also higher in the Robot group (13 screws vs 29 screws, P = 0.0333), with both differences being statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups (Robot group: 8 cases;Open group: 10 cases, P = 0.6931). Conclusion: Patients treated with “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery for upper cervical vertebrae fracture had lower intraoperative blood loss and higher screw placement accuracy compared to those undergoing traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery, indicating that this robot-assisted surgery can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve screw placement accuracy.

Clinical Study of Accelerated Rehabilitation Concept Combined with Tianji Robot-Assisted Surgery in Lumbar Degenerative Diseases

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of two surgical methods for lumbar degenerative diseases;the combination of the concept of accelerated rehabilitation with the assistance of Tianji Robotics and the concept of accelerated rehabilitation combined with manual pedicle screw placement assisted by conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 70 patients who received the concept of accelerated rehabilitation combined with spinal surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases in Baise People’s Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. Among them, 35 patients in the robot group received accelerated rehabilitation concept combined with robot-assisted surgery;In the conventional C-arm group, 35 patients received the accelerated rehabilitation concept combined with manual pedicle screw placement assisted by conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. VAS score (preoperative/postoperative), ODI score (preoperative/postoperative), intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications and the accuracy rate of screw placement were compared between the two groups. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative VAS scores between the robot group and the conventional C-arm group (6.45 ± 0.82 VS 6.63 ± 0.81, P = 0.6600). The postoperative VAS score of the robot group was better than that of the conventional C-arm group (1.69 ± 0.80 VS 2.45 ± 0.85, P = 0.0000*). There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative ODI scores between the robot group and the conventional C-arm group (32.11 ± 3.18 VS 31.66 ± 2.25, P = 0.4900). The postoperative ODI score of the robot group was better than that of the conventional C-arm group (22.68 ± 1.94 VS 24.57 ± 2.25, P = 0.0000*). The postoperative complications in the robot group were less than those in the conventional C-arm group (2.7778% VS 28.5724%, P = 0.0030*). The intraoperative bleeding in the robot group was lower than that in the conventional C-arm group (320.85 ± 276.28 VS 490.00 ± 395.34, P = 0.0420*). The postoperative hospital stay of the robot group was shorter than that of the conventional C-arm group (10.00 ± 9.32 VS 14.49 ± 7.55, P = 0.0300*). The screw placement inaccuracy score of the robot group was lower than that of the conventional C-arm group (0.17 ± 0.51 VS 1.45 ± 1.46, P = 0.0000*). Conclusion: The combination of the concept of accelerated rehabilitation and Tianji Orthopedic robot-assisted surgery is more effective and safer in posterior lumbar decompression and internal fixation surgery with a screw rod system, and is worthy of promotion and application.

Advances in selective conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Converting carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) is an attractive and promising route for value-added utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass resource. As an important platform compound, 5-HMF possesses high active furan structure with hydroxymethyl and aldehyde group for production of various bio-chemicals and materials, meanwhile, which suffer from low stability and poor yield during the industrial biorefinery process. Hence, selective production of 5-HMF with high-yield and low-cost has attracted extensive attention from scientific and industrial researchers. This review sorted and described the latest advanced research on solvent and catalyst system, as well as energy field effect for production of 5-HMF with different feedstock in detail, emphatically discussing the solvent effect and its synergistic effect with other aspects. Besides, the future prospects and challenges for production of 5-HMF from carbohydrates were also presented, which provide a profound insight into industrial 5-HMF process with economic and environmental feature.

Oxygen-vacancy-rich MnO_(x)supported RuO_(x)for efficient base-free oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-methoxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)is a promising biomass-derived polymeric monomer that serves as an attractive alternative to terephthalic acid derived from fossil resources.However,the green and efficient production of FDCA through the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)and its derivatives is still rudimentary under base-free conditions.In this work,oxygen-vacancy-rich Mn Oxwas prepared and displayed a strong adsorption and anchoring ability to Ru species that mainly exposed the(210)plane of RuO_(2),bringing about highly dispersed and active interfacial Ru-O-Mn structures.Experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirm that these above features greatly facilitate the adsorption/activation of oxygen and the dehydrogenation-oxidation of HMF/5-methoxymethylfurfural(MMF),which enables an efficient FDCA production under base-free and mild conditions.Notably,a desirable FDCA yield of 86.56%was still obtained from concentrated HMF(10 wt%)under base-free conditions over oxygen-vacancy-rich Mn Oxsupported Ru Ox(1.0 MPaO_(2),120℃,6 h).This work delineates a facile catalyst preparation strategy for HMF/MMF oxidation,and might open a new avenue for the green synthesis of FDCA under base-free conditions.

CAOSA-extracted lignin improves enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

The conversion of biomass into sugar platform compounds is very important for the biorefinery industry.Pretreatment is essential to the biomass of the sugar platform,however,the lignin obtained by pretreatment,as a key part of lignocellulose,generally has a passive effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars.In this study,p-TsOH(p-toluenesulfonic acid),DES(Deep eutectic solvent)and CAOSA(cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali)pretreatment ways were used to fraction lignin from bamboo biomass.After CAOSA treatment,the hydrolysis efficiency of the pulp was 95.57%.Moreover,the effect of different treatment methods on lignin properties was studied and the promotion effect of lignin was investigated by adding it to the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis system.In this work,the results showed that CAOSA-extracted lignin with lower D(1.31-1.25)had a better adsorption effect on the enzyme protein.p-TsOH-extracted lignin with a larger S/G ratio enhanced the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis.In addition,the presence of-COOHs in lignin could reduce its inhibitory effect on cellulose saccharification.

Facile preparation and efficient MnxCoy porous nanosheets for the sustainable catalytic process of soot

The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of Mn_(x)Co_(y) oxides were synthesized using MgO template substitution.This method greatly improves the preparation and catalytic efficiency and is more in line with the current theme of green catalysts and sustainable development. The resulting Mn_(1)Co_(2.3) has a strong activation capability of gaseous oxygen due to a high concentration of Co^(3+) and Mn^(3+). The Mn doping enhanced the intrinsic activity by prompting oxygen vacancy formation and gaseous oxygen adsorption. The nanosheet morphology with abundant mesoporous significantly increased the solid–solid contact efficiency and improved the adsorption capability of gaseous reactants. The novel design of Mn_(1)Co_(2.3)oxide enhanced its catalytic performance through a synergistic effect of Mn doping and the porous nanosheet morphology, showing significant potential for the preparation of high-performance soot combustion catalysts.

Bhlhe40 protects cochlear hair cell-like HEI-OC1 cells against H_(2)O_(2) ‑triggered oxidative injury

Background:Cochlear hair cell injury is a common pathological feature of hearing loss.The basic helix-loop-helix family,member e40(Bhlhe40),a gene belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family,exhibits strong transcriptional repression activity.Methods:Oxidative damage,in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1(HEI-OC1)cells,was caused using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The Ad-Bhlhe40 particles were constructed to overexpress Bhlhe40 in HEI-OC1 cells.Various assays including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay(TUNEL),flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and corresponding commercial kits were employed to investigate the impacts of Bhlhe40 on cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress levels,mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular senescence.Additionally,a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeting of the histone deacetylases 2(Hdac2)by Bhlhe40.Results:The results revealed that Bhlhe40 was downregulated in H_(2)O_(2)-treated HEI-OC1 cells,but its overexpression improved cell viability and mitigated H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative injury in HEI-OC1 cells with increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities and decrease of reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Besides,overexpression of Bhlhe40 suppressed H_(2)O_(2)-triggered cell senescence,as evidenced by the fact that the upregulation of P53,P21,and P16 in HEI-OC1 cells treated with H2O2 were all alleviated by Bhlhe40 overexpression.And we further verified that overexpression of Bhlhe40 could inhibit the expression of Hdac2,which may be related to the repression of Hdac2 transcription.Conclusion:This study suggests that Bhlhe40 plays a protective role against senescence and oxidative damage in cochlear hair cells exposed to H2O2.

Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels

In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.

One-pot synthesis of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan from biomass derived 5-(chloromethyl)furfural in high yield

5-(Chloromethyl)furfural(CMF),as a new platform molecular,has become a hot topic in the field of biorefinery.Herein,the one-pot conversion of CMF to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)in the water phase was demonstrated for the first time.A 91%BHMF yield was obtained over Ru/Cu Oxcatalyst,and BHMF was mainly produced by the consecutive hydrolysis and hydrogenation of CMF with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)as an intermediate.Kinetic studies revealed that the conversion of HMF to BHMF was the rate-determining step.Remarkably,the characterizations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations further revealed the lower electron density of Ru NPs in Ru/Cu Oxcatalyst,resulting in a larger adsorption energy and a smaller free energy difference for the formation of alcohols.The present findings offered a new pathway for biomass-derived diol production through CMF as a potential source.

Heterogeneously-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of furfural to furancarboxylic acid with CuO-Promoted MnO_(2)

A cost-effective and sustainable noble-metal free catalyst system based on ubiquitously available Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides was served as efficient catalysts for furfural selective oxidation to furancarboxylic acid(FA). Interestingly, Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x)exhibited an excellent furfural conversion of 99% with quantitative selectivity toward FA. Especially, we demonstrate the significant weakening of the Mn-O bonds with the incorporation of CuO into the Mn-Cu oxides, resulting in an improved OLreactivity of Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x), which brings about a higher catalytic activity for furfural oxidation. More importantly, Mn_(2)Cu_(1)O_(x)could exhibit YFA>90% over 5 cycles of reusability test. Through this study, the relationship between the morphology, surface chemistry, and catalytic activity of Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides are elucidated, providing a simple and environmentally friendly catalytic strategy and scientific basis for the development of Mn-Cu bimetallic oxides bioderived molecular aerobic oxidation materials.

Effective production of γ-valerolactone from biomass-derived methyl levulinate over CuO_x-CaCO_3 catalyst

The production of?-valerolactone(GVL)from lignocellulosic biomass has become a focus of research owing to its potential applications in fuels and chemicals.In this study,(n)CuOx-CaCO3(where n is the molar ratio of Cu to Ca)compounds were prepared for the first time and shown to function as efficient bifunctional catalysts for the conversion of biomass-derived methyl levulinate(ML)into GVL,using methanol as the in-situ hydrogen source.Among the catalysts with varied Cu/Ca molar ratios,(3/2)CuOx-CaCO3 provided the highest GVL yield of 95.6% from ML.The incorporation of CaCO3 with CuO resulted in the formation of Cu+species in a CuOx-CaCO3 catalyst,which greatly facilitated the hydrogenation of ML.Notably,CuOx-CaCO3 also displayed excellent catalytic performance in the methanolysis products of cellulose,even in the presence of humins.Therefore,a facile two-step strategy for the production of GVL from cellulose could be developed over this robust and inexpensive catalyst,through the integration of cellulose methanolysis catalyzed by sulfuric acid,methanol reforming,and ML hydrogenation in methanol medium.

Base-free oxidative esterification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to furan-2,5-dimethylcarboxylate over n-doped carbon-supported Co/Fe bimetallic catalyst under batch-operation or continuous-flow conditions

Developing an efficient and easily available catalyst for the selective conversion of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into furan-2,5-dimethylcarboxylate(FDMC),a valuable biomass-based monomer,remains a high demand but formidable challenge.Herein,a facile strategy for the synthesis of N-doped carbon-supported Co/Fe bimetallic catalyst(CoFe-NC)was developed,which provided an outstanding FDMC yield of 93%in a batch reactor(base-free,80℃,2 bar O_(2),4 h).Interestingly,CoFe-NC also gave a high FDMC yield of 91%under continuous-flow conditions for 80 h(5 bar O_(2),80℃,GHSV 1320 h^(-1),LHSV 0.6 h^(-1),base-free).Notably,it is the first time that a non-noble catalyst gave such a high FDMC yield under continuous-flow conditions.The introduction of Fe could greatly improve both the electron intensity of Co-N_(x)species and basicity of the catalyst,which endowed CoFe-NC with improved O_(2)activation capacity and enhanced dehydrogenation activity for the oxidation-esterification of HMF.This work delineates the efficient strategy on the construction of N-doped carbon-supported non-noble catalyst,which might open a new avenue for developing highly efficient catalyst for FDMC production.

Synthesis of bis(amino)furans from biomass based 5-hydroxymethyl furfural

In this study we report a new reaction pathway in which the hydroxyl and the aldehyde groups of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural were aminated respectively. Hydroxyl group was aminated via Ritter reaction followed by direct reductive amination of aldehyde group. For the Ritter reaction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, mixture of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and phosphoric anhydride showed good performance and the intermediate N-acyl-5-aminomethyl furfural with the highest yield of 89.1 wt% was obtained.Optimization of direct reductive amination of 2,5-bis（aminomethyl） furan was conducted and a yield of45.7 wt% was achieved. This study presents a simple way for preparing bis（amino）furans from renewable biomass based 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, which enriches the biorefinery concept from biomass.

Highly Flexible and Broad‑Range Mechanically Tunable All‑Wood Hydrogels with Nanoscale Channels via the Hofmeister Effect for Human Motion Monitoring

Wood-based hydrogel with a unique anisotropic structure is an attractive soft material,but the presence of rigid crystalline cellulose in natural wood makes the hydrogel less flexible.In this study,an all-wood hydrogel was constructed by cross-linking cellulose fibers,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)chains,and lignin molecules through the Hofmeister effect.The all-wood hydrogel shows a high tensile strength of 36.5 MPa and a strain up to~438%in the longitudinal direction,which is much higher than its tensile strength(~2.6 MPa)and strain(~198%)in the radial direction,respectively.The high mechanical strength of all-wood hydrogels is mainly attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding,physical entanglement,and van der Waals forces between lignin molecules,cellulose nanofibers,and PVA chains.Thanks to its excellent flexibility,good conductivity,and sensitivity,the all-wood hydrogel can accurately distinguish diverse macroscale or subtle human movements,including finger flexion,pulse,and swallowing behavior.In particular,when“An Qi”was called four times within 15 s,two variations of the pronunciation could be identified.With recyclable,biodegradable,and adjustable mechanical properties,the all-wood hydrogel is a multifunctional soft material with promising applications,such as human motion monitoring,tissue engineering,and robotics materials.

Catalyst design strategy toward the efficient heterogeneously-catalyzed selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

The selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),a versatile bio-based platform molecule,leads to the formation of several intriguing and useful downstream chemicals,such as 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF),5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(HMFCA),formyl 2-furancarboxylic acid(FFCA),2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) and furan-2,5-dimethylcarboxylate(FDMC).These products have been extensively employed to fabricate novel polymers,pharmaceuticals,sustainable dyes and many other value-added fine chemicals.The heart of the developed HMF oxidation processes is always the catalyst.In this regard,this review comprehensively summarized the established heterogeneous catalyst design strategy for the selective oxidation of HMF via thermo-catalysis.Particular attention has been focused on the reaction mechanism of HMF oxidation over different catalysts as well as enhancing the catalytic performance of the catalyst through manipulating the properties of the support and fabricating of multi-component metal nano-particles and oxides.The current challenges and possible research directions for the catalytic oxidation of HMF in the future are also discussed.

One-pot tandem conversion of fructose into biofuel components with in-situ generated catalyst system

In this contribution, one-pot tandem conversion of fructose into biofuel components, including 5-ethoxymethylfurfural（EMF）, 2,5-（bis（ethoxymethyl）furan（BEMF） and ethyl levulinate（EL）, was performed in an in-situ generated catalyst system through consecutive dehydration, etherification, and transfer hydrogenation. Specifically, ZrOCl2·8H2O was in-situ decomposed into HCl and ZrO（OH）2 in ethanol, which effectively catalyzed the dehydration/etherification of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural（EMF） and subsequent reductive etherification of EMF using ethanol as H-donor, respectively. EMF, BEMF and EL were detected as the main products, and total yield of detectable products of up to 65.4% was obtained at 200 ℃ in only 2 h.

Effects of Storage Temperature on Postharvest Physiology of Amorphophallus cormifer Microbulb

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the optimum storage temperature of Amorphophallus cormifer microbulbs.[Methods]With A.cormifer as the raw material,the effects of different storage temperatures(4,12 and 20℃)on postharvest physiology of A.cormifer during the storage period of 80 d were investigated.[Results]There was no significant difference in starch content among the treatments,and the content of reducing sugar at 4℃was significantly higher than those of other treatments during the storage period.There was no significant difference in total water content among treatments,and the specific gravity of free water at 4℃was significantly lower than those at 12 and 20℃,respectively.At 60 d post storage,the POD activity at 4℃was significantly higher than those at 12 and 20℃,respectively.At the 80th day of storage,the PPO activity at 4℃was significantly lower than those at 12 and 20℃,respectively.[Conclusions]The low temperature of 4℃is more conducive to the storage of A.cormifer microbulbs,and the results also provide the theoretical basis for long-term storage of A.cormifer bulbs.

Construction of Synergistic Co and Cu Diatomic Sites for Enhanced Higher Alcohol Synthesis

Higher alcohol synthesis(HAS)from syngas could efficiently alleviate the dependence on the traditional fossil resources.However,it is still challenging to construct high-performance HAS catalysts with satisfying selectivity,space–time yield(STY),and stability.Herein,we designed a diatomic catalyst by anchoring Co and Cu sites onto a hierarchical porous N-doped carbon matrix(Co/Cu–N–C).The Co/Cu–N–C is efficient for HAS and is among the best catalysts reported.With a COconversion of 81.7%,C2+OHselectivity could reach 58.5%with an outstanding C2+OH STY of 851.8 mg/g·h.We found that the N4–Co1 and Cu1–N4 showed an excellent synergistic effect.The adsorption of CO occurred on the Co site,and the surrounding nitrogen sites served as a hydrogen reservoir for the CO reduction reactions to form CHxCo.Meanwhile,the Cu sites stabilized a CHOCu species to interact with CHxCo,facilitating a barrier-free formation of C2 species,which is responsible for the high selectivity of higher alcohols.

纤维素基生物质催化转化制备二醇

生物质作为最有潜力替代化石能源的可再生资源之一,受到日益广泛的重视。纤维素基生物质是催化转化为各种燃料和化学品的重要原料。近年来,二醇(包括乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇等)作为燃料和化学品广泛应用于各个领域,市场需求很大。传统制备二醇是以化石能源为原料,存在原料不可再生和环境污染大等缺点。因此采用非化石原料途径制备二醇受到越来越多的关注,其中以纤维素基生物质催化制备二醇是克服化石燃料短缺和减少环境污染的重要途径之一。本文系统总结了近年来以纤维素基生物质(纤维素、葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇)为原料催化转化制备二醇的研究现状,对反应途径、反应机理、催化剂稳定性和反应溶剂类型等进行了详细介绍,在此基础上对利用纤维素基生物质原料催化制备二醇的发展趋势进行展望,以期为相关研究者提供参考。

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol with formic acid as hydrogen donor over CuCs-MCM catalyst

Catalytic transfer hydroge nation(CTH)of furfural(FF)to furfu ryl alcohol(FFA)has received great intere st in recent years.He rein,Cu-Cs bimetallic supported catalyst,CuCs(2)-MCM,was developed for the CTH of FF to FFA using formic as hydrogen donor.CuCs(2)-MCM achieved a 99.6%FFA yield at an optimized reaction conditions of 170℃,1 h.Cu species in CuCs(2)-MCM had dual functions in catalytically decomposing formic acid to generate hydrogen and hydrogenating FF to FFA.The doping of Cs made the size of Cu particles smaller and improved the dispersion of the Cu active sites.Impo rtantly,the Cs species played a favorable role in enhancing the hydrogenation activity as a promoter by adjusting the surface acidity of Cu species to an appropriate level.Correlation analysis showed that surface acidity is the primary factor to affect the catalytic activity of CuCs(2)-MCM.