Aims:This study aimed to describe the adherence level to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Hunan province,China.Methods:Across-sectional survey study was done at two maj...Aims:This study aimed to describe the adherence level to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Hunan province,China.Methods:Across-sectional survey study was done at two major HIV treatment sites within Hunan province in China from July 2011 to Oct 2012 through face-to-face interviews.Adherence measures were captured using a 30-day visual analog scale(VAS).Results:A total of 418 participants consented and completed the questionnaires with the mean age being 38 years old.Based on VAS,28%of the participants had lower than 90%ART adherence level.The main reasons for missing drugs were;forgetting,being away from home,being busy and feeling worse after taking drugs.Logistic regression results showed that drug use(B=0.68,OR=2.11),time on ART(B=0.31,OR=0.72)and side effects(B=0.64,OR=1.82)were significantly associated with adherence to ART.Conclusion:Patients on ARVs in Hunan province are faced with adherence challenges notably drug abuse,drug regime scheduling challenges at the initial stages of therapy and drug side effects.It is therefore necessary to institute specific adherence interventions that target those who abuse drugs,ART naïve patients,and those experiencing side effects in order to achieve optimal ART adherence.展开更多
Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether th...Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.展开更多
Objectives Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon among female which could be influenced by the process of acculturation.Few studies have explored the experience of menstrual symptom changes among internati...Objectives Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon among female which could be influenced by the process of acculturation.Few studies have explored the experience of menstrual symptom changes among international female students studying in China.Therefore,this paper aims to summarize international female students’experiences of menstrual symptom changes when they were studying in China and interpret these changes through considering the influence of acculturation on their social and academic lives.Methods We used a descriptive phenomenology approach.Structured in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted between May and November 2019 among ten international female students studying in one Province located in south central China.Participants were those who reported having experienced menstrual symptom changes during the acculturation period,which was defined as the first six months of living in China.All interviews were audio-recorded,transcribed verbatim,and analyzed using NVivo 11.0 with the guidance of Colaizzi's seven-step method.Results The international female students’experiences of menstrual symptom changes were summarized and grouped into five main categories and 13 subcategories.The main categories include:1)demonstration of menstrual symptom changes,2)challenges of maintaining menstrual function in the new setting,3)coping styles to take care of menstrual health,4)consequences of the menstrual symptom changes,and 5)culture-based attitude toward menstruation.Conclusions International female students reported experiences of menstrual symptom changes,including somatic and psychological symptoms during the acculturation period.Culture barriers,academic stress,and sleep patterns are common factors influencing their menstrual symptom changes.More culturally-tailored interventions should be explored to improve the menstrual health of international female students in China.展开更多
Li-CO_(2)batteries are among the most intriguing techniques for balancing the carbon cycle,but are challenged by the annoyed thermodynamic barrier of the Li_(2)CO_(3)decomposition reaction.Herein,we demonstrate the el...Li-CO_(2)batteries are among the most intriguing techniques for balancing the carbon cycle,but are challenged by the annoyed thermodynamic barrier of the Li_(2)CO_(3)decomposition reaction.Herein,we demonstrate the electrocatalytic performances of two-dimensional(2D)CoAl-layer double hydroxide(LDH)nanosheets can be significantly improved by trans-dimensional crosslinking with three-dimensional(3D)multilevel nanoporous(MP)-RuCoAl alloy(MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH).The MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH with multiscale pore channels and abundant nano-heterointerface is directly prepared by controllable etching Al from a Ru-Co-Al master alloy along with simultaneous partial oxidization of Al and Co atoms.The MP-RuCoAl is composed of various intermetallic compounds and Ru with abundant grain boundaries,and forms numerous heterointerface with 2D CoAl-LDH nanosheets.The multiscale porous metallic network benefits mass and electron transportation as well as discharge product storage and enables a rich multiphase reaction interface.In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry shows that the mass-to-charge ratio in the charging process is~0.733 which is consistent with the theoretical value of 3/4,stating that the reversible co-decomposition of Li_(2)CO_(3)and C can be achieved with the MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH.The Ketjen black(KB)/MP-RuCoAl⊥CoAl-LDH battery demonstrates a high cyclability for over 2270 h(227 cycles)with a lower voltage gap stabilized at~1.3 V at 200 mA·g^(−1).Our findings here provide useful guidelines for developing high efficiency transition metal based electrocatalysts by coupling with conductive porous substrate for impelling the development of practical Li-CO_(2)battery systems.展开更多
Background:Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized.Methods:A search of 4 electronic databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases)as of ...Background:Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized.Methods:A search of 4 electronic databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases)as of January 24,2021 was performed.Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines were followed.Studies which reported the transmission rate among close contacts with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases were included,and transmission activities occurred were considered.The trans-mission rates were pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution.The risk ratios(RRs)were calculated using random-effects models.Results:Of 4923 records retrieved and reviewed,15 studies including 3917 close contacts with asymptomatic indexes were eligible.The pooled transmission rates were 1.79 per 100 person-days(or 1.79%,95%confidence interval[CI]0.41%-3.16%)by asymptomatic index,which is significantly lower than by presymptomatic(5.02%,95%CI 2.37%-7.66%;p<0.001),and by symptomatic(5.27%,95%CI 2.40%-8.15%;p<0.001).Subgroup anal-yses showed that the household transmission rate of asymptomatic index was(4.22%,95%CI 0.91%-7.52%),four times significantly higher than non-household transmission(1.03%,95%CI 0.73%-1.33%;p=0.03),and the asymptomatic transmission rate in China(1.82%,95%CI 0.11%-3.53%)was lower than in other countries(2.22%,95%CI 0.67%-3.77%;p=0.01).Conclusions:People with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of transmitting the virus to their close contacts,particularly in household settings.The transmission potential of asymptomatic infection is lower than symptomatic and presymptomatic infections.This meta-analysis provides evidence for predict-ing the epidemic trend and promulgating vaccination and other control measures.Registered with PROS-PERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,CRD42021269446;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269446.展开更多
文摘Aims:This study aimed to describe the adherence level to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Hunan province,China.Methods:Across-sectional survey study was done at two major HIV treatment sites within Hunan province in China from July 2011 to Oct 2012 through face-to-face interviews.Adherence measures were captured using a 30-day visual analog scale(VAS).Results:A total of 418 participants consented and completed the questionnaires with the mean age being 38 years old.Based on VAS,28%of the participants had lower than 90%ART adherence level.The main reasons for missing drugs were;forgetting,being away from home,being busy and feeling worse after taking drugs.Logistic regression results showed that drug use(B=0.68,OR=2.11),time on ART(B=0.31,OR=0.72)and side effects(B=0.64,OR=1.82)were significantly associated with adherence to ART.Conclusion:Patients on ARVs in Hunan province are faced with adherence challenges notably drug abuse,drug regime scheduling challenges at the initial stages of therapy and drug side effects.It is therefore necessary to institute specific adherence interventions that target those who abuse drugs,ART naïve patients,and those experiencing side effects in order to achieve optimal ART adherence.
文摘Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.
文摘Objectives Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon among female which could be influenced by the process of acculturation.Few studies have explored the experience of menstrual symptom changes among international female students studying in China.Therefore,this paper aims to summarize international female students’experiences of menstrual symptom changes when they were studying in China and interpret these changes through considering the influence of acculturation on their social and academic lives.Methods We used a descriptive phenomenology approach.Structured in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted between May and November 2019 among ten international female students studying in one Province located in south central China.Participants were those who reported having experienced menstrual symptom changes during the acculturation period,which was defined as the first six months of living in China.All interviews were audio-recorded,transcribed verbatim,and analyzed using NVivo 11.0 with the guidance of Colaizzi's seven-step method.Results The international female students’experiences of menstrual symptom changes were summarized and grouped into five main categories and 13 subcategories.The main categories include:1)demonstration of menstrual symptom changes,2)challenges of maintaining menstrual function in the new setting,3)coping styles to take care of menstrual health,4)consequences of the menstrual symptom changes,and 5)culture-based attitude toward menstruation.Conclusions International female students reported experiences of menstrual symptom changes,including somatic and psychological symptoms during the acculturation period.Culture barriers,academic stress,and sleep patterns are common factors influencing their menstrual symptom changes.More culturally-tailored interventions should be explored to improve the menstrual health of international female students in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201254)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020QE012,ZR2020MB090,ZR2023ME155,and ZR2023ME085)+1 种基金the project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan(No.202228046)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306226).
文摘Li-CO_(2)batteries are among the most intriguing techniques for balancing the carbon cycle,but are challenged by the annoyed thermodynamic barrier of the Li_(2)CO_(3)decomposition reaction.Herein,we demonstrate the electrocatalytic performances of two-dimensional(2D)CoAl-layer double hydroxide(LDH)nanosheets can be significantly improved by trans-dimensional crosslinking with three-dimensional(3D)multilevel nanoporous(MP)-RuCoAl alloy(MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH).The MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH with multiscale pore channels and abundant nano-heterointerface is directly prepared by controllable etching Al from a Ru-Co-Al master alloy along with simultaneous partial oxidization of Al and Co atoms.The MP-RuCoAl is composed of various intermetallic compounds and Ru with abundant grain boundaries,and forms numerous heterointerface with 2D CoAl-LDH nanosheets.The multiscale porous metallic network benefits mass and electron transportation as well as discharge product storage and enables a rich multiphase reaction interface.In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry shows that the mass-to-charge ratio in the charging process is~0.733 which is consistent with the theoretical value of 3/4,stating that the reversible co-decomposition of Li_(2)CO_(3)and C can be achieved with the MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH.The Ketjen black(KB)/MP-RuCoAl⊥CoAl-LDH battery demonstrates a high cyclability for over 2270 h(227 cycles)with a lower voltage gap stabilized at~1.3 V at 200 mA·g^(−1).Our findings here provide useful guidelines for developing high efficiency transition metal based electrocatalysts by coupling with conductive porous substrate for impelling the development of practical Li-CO_(2)battery systems.
文摘Background:Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized.Methods:A search of 4 electronic databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases)as of January 24,2021 was performed.Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines were followed.Studies which reported the transmission rate among close contacts with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases were included,and transmission activities occurred were considered.The trans-mission rates were pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution.The risk ratios(RRs)were calculated using random-effects models.Results:Of 4923 records retrieved and reviewed,15 studies including 3917 close contacts with asymptomatic indexes were eligible.The pooled transmission rates were 1.79 per 100 person-days(or 1.79%,95%confidence interval[CI]0.41%-3.16%)by asymptomatic index,which is significantly lower than by presymptomatic(5.02%,95%CI 2.37%-7.66%;p<0.001),and by symptomatic(5.27%,95%CI 2.40%-8.15%;p<0.001).Subgroup anal-yses showed that the household transmission rate of asymptomatic index was(4.22%,95%CI 0.91%-7.52%),four times significantly higher than non-household transmission(1.03%,95%CI 0.73%-1.33%;p=0.03),and the asymptomatic transmission rate in China(1.82%,95%CI 0.11%-3.53%)was lower than in other countries(2.22%,95%CI 0.67%-3.77%;p=0.01).Conclusions:People with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of transmitting the virus to their close contacts,particularly in household settings.The transmission potential of asymptomatic infection is lower than symptomatic and presymptomatic infections.This meta-analysis provides evidence for predict-ing the epidemic trend and promulgating vaccination and other control measures.Registered with PROS-PERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,CRD42021269446;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269446.
