基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系构建

目的 血站管理者可以实时对血站全流程关键业务运行态势进行全流程掌握,实现对血站业务全流程的监督管理,提升业务工作效率和保障血液质量。方法 从编制依据、血站业务范围、岗位监督管理内容、总体框架设计、管理系统和监督管理界面设计、物理数据库设计、程序开发和上线调试等多个方面,建立业务全流程监督管理体系,并将其与血站管理信息系统进行对接,及时、全面地记录从采血到供血全过程的业务流程关键指标信息,通过手机APP的方式进行展示和管理,于2023年投入血站使用后对2023年和2022年总采集量、总制备量、总供应量,以及检验不合格报废率和非检验不合格报废率(不含乳糜)进行统计分析。结果 建立了基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的手机APP,实现了“移动办公”式监督管理,2023年正式投入使用后,2023年总采集量、总制备量和总供应量均高于2022年,分别增长5.88%(13 247/225 454 U)、4.73%(24 156/510 698 U)、6.70%(34 814/519 914 U),检验报废率(0.54%,2 868/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.60%,3 047/510 698 U)(P<0.01),非检验报废率(不含乳糜)(0.12%,649/534 854 U)显著低于2022年(0.19%,991/510 698 U)(P<0.01)。结论 基于血站管理信息系统的业务全流程监督管理体系的构建,可以满足血站不同管理者不限时间和地点的标准化管理服务需求,实现对业务全流程的监督管理,还可以持续提升血站业务工作和血站管理的规范化、科学化水平,保障血液资源供应。

2016—2022年我国17家血液中心献血者HBV感染相关标记物检测情况分析

目的探讨我国17家省会城市血液中心(简称血液中心)献血者HBV的感染情况,为安全献血者管理提供参考。方法选取17家血液中心,收集2016—2022年献血者HBsAg和乙型肝炎病毒核酸(HBV DNA)检测结果,比较初次献血者和重复献血者HBsAg不合格率及年度变化趋势、初次献血者和重复献血者HBsAg不合格率差异、HBsAg合格献血者HBV DNA单独不合格(HBsAg-/HBV DNA+)情况和献血者总体HBV不合格率,比较不同地区血液中心献血者总体HBV不合格率。结果2016—2022年17家血液中心初次献血者HBsAg不合格率为59.60‱(1.60‱~142.85‱),重复献血者HBsAg不合格率为16.67‱(0.60‱~48.68‱),HBsAg合格献血者中HBV DNA单独不合格率为6.69‱(1.30‱~17.57‱),献血者总体HBV不合格率为47.06‱(3.46‱~103.78‱),上述4项不合格率的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。东部地区献血者HBV总体不合格率(34.04‱)低于中部地区(50.42‱)和西部地区(52.07‱),3个地区献血者间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论17个省会城市初次献血者和重复献血者的HBsAg不合格率随时间整体呈下降趋势,重复献血者是相对安全的献血人群,HBV DNA检测可进一步降低HBV经血传播的风险。献血人群HBV感染分布具有地域性,东部地区献血者HBV不合格率明显低于中西部地区,与一般人群HBV流行分布情况一致。

安培级电流密度下淬火优化CoPS纳米棒的晶型/非晶型比例以促进肼辅助的全水分解

近年来,具有独特电子效应和协同效应的异质界面工程策略在扩展催化功能和提高本征活性方面显示出较大的应用潜力.其中,具有晶型/无定形(c/a)异质结构的电催化剂,由于结构上的巨大差异,展现出显著的催化活性.然而,c/a-异质界面的可控调控及其与电催化性能的内在联系仍缺乏系统研究.因此,本文采用“酸刻蚀-气相磷硫化-淬火”方法,合成了具有可调控c/a异质界面的q-CoPS材料,并将其应用于碱性整体水分解.同时,通过控制淬火的初始温度,实现了对CoPS纳米棒中c/a比例的有效调控.一般来说,在晶型材料中,表面催化往往发生在固定的晶面上.而无定形材料可以同时满足体积和表面的催化.同时,无定形材料具有柔韧性,在催化反应过程中可以转化为任何需要的其他形式,因此在耐腐蚀方面也具有较好的自愈性能.此外,无定形材料还具有丰富的缺陷,运用缺陷工程可以带来一定的性能提升.因此,二者的协同作用可以提升催化剂的催化性能.本文创新性地提出了通过改变淬火初始温度对CoPS纳米棒中c/a比进行调控.采用“酸刻蚀-气相磷硫化-淬火”方法,成功制备了具有独特c/a-CoPS核壳异质结构的q-CoPS纳米棒.随着淬火初始温度的升高,无定形CoPS壳的面积也在逐渐增大.这可能是由于处于非平衡状态的磷硫化物在超低温液氮中突然淬火,处于热运动的Co,P和S原子会迅速冷却,趋向于形成无序的CoPS无定形材料.值得注意的是,制备得到的q-CoPS纳米棒具有合适的c/a含量比,提供了丰富的c/a界面活性位点,并优化了Co位点的电子构型.在析氢反应(HER)中,q-CoPS/CF仅需90 m V的过电位即可以达到1000 m Acm^(-2)的工业级电流密度,结果优于先进的Pt/C.同时,q-CoPS/CF在肼氧化反应(HzOR)中,仅0.06 V时即可实现1000 m Acm^(-2)的电流密度.密度泛函理论计算表明,在HER和HzOR中,界面处的Co原子的内在活性远高于P原子和S原子,c/a-异质界面处活性位点的能垒远低于晶型CoPS和无定形CoPS.此外,Co位点作为c/a界面的双功能活性位点,有效地优化了HER和HzOR的反应动力学.综上所述,q-CoPS/CF催化剂电催化性能的提升主要是由于其具备高活性的CoPS、合适的晶型/无定形(c/a)比例和较大的比表面积.本文为设计具有c/a异质结构的高活性电极提供参考,为进一步探索c/a异质结构的演化和确定c/a界面的活性位点提供借鉴.

非侵入性多感官刺激治疗在阿尔茨海默病认知功能治疗中的应用进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种慢性中枢神经变性疾病,其主要特征是进行性的记忆力减退以及认知障碍,是导致痴呆的主要原因之一。随着全球人口老龄化问题的加剧,AD已经成为本世纪最昂贵,最致命的疾病之一,但目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法。近年来,多种生物物理刺激技术等非侵入性方法被开发应用于中枢神经系统疾病的治疗,其中包括超声、光、电和磁刺激等,为AD的治疗提供了新的思路。在介绍针对AD的非侵入性多感官刺激治疗(non-invasive multisensory stimulation therapy,NIMST)方法的基础上,综述了这些方法对AD动物模型和AD患者认知功能相关行为表现的影响,以及对改善AD病理的神经机制方面的研究进展。探讨了非侵入性多感官刺激治疗目前的局限性,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,为今后治疗AD提供更有效的治疗策略。

不同酵母混合发酵对猕猴桃果酒品质的影响

将库德毕赤酵母、卡利比克迈耶氏酵母、有孢汉逊酵母分别与安琪酿酒酵母混合发酵制备猕猴桃果酒品,对不同混菌组合发酵过程中的理化指标、风味物质以及最终产品的感官特性进行分析比较。结果表明:卡利比克迈耶氏酵母与安琪酿酒酵母混合发酵制备的猕猴桃果酒感官评定结果最佳,其乙醇体积分数为10.25%±0.06%、还原糖含量为(2.07±0.01) g/L、总酸含量为(6.85±0.35)g/L、pH为3.60±0.07、总多酚含量为(756.11±58.97)mg/L、总黄酮含量为(98.40±10.07) mg/L。

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌对草鱼心脏中糖代谢的干扰及机制研究

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌(2,6-DCBQ)是一种存在于自来水及泳池水中的新型消毒副产物,其分布广、毒性强,对人类健康构成潜在威胁。为探究2,6-DCBQ诱发的心脏毒性与生物体内糖代谢过程的关联性及其毒理机制等,以被2,6-DCBQ暴露了不同浓度与时间的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)幼鱼为研究对象,观察了其心脏与甲状腺组织的形态学变化;测定了糖代谢相关激素的水平以及相关酶的活性。结果显示,2,6-DCBQ暴露可引起草鱼幼鱼的心脏心包水肿、间质水肿,以及甲状腺滤泡胶质丢失、上皮细胞增生现象;干扰血液中甲状腺激素T3、胰岛素的水平;降低己糖激酶、果糖磷酸激酶、丙酮酸激酶等的活性。联合靶向代谢组学的分析结果可以推断,在2,6-DCBQ暴露后,心脏组织中的己糖激酶活性被抑制,从而干扰了鱼的糖酵解途径;α-酮戊二酸转化为琥珀酸的进程受阻,从而影响了鱼的三羧酸循环过程。该研究有助于更加深入地理解卤代苯醌类消毒副产物的毒理机制,并全面地评估其健康风险。

Field-assisted machining of difficult-to-machine materials

Difficult-to-machine materials (DMMs) are extensively applied in critical fields such as aviation,semiconductor,biomedicine,and other key fields due to their excellent material properties.However,traditional machining technologies often struggle to achieve ultra-precision with DMMs resulting from poor surface quality and low processing efficiency.In recent years,field-assisted machining (FAM) technology has emerged as a new generation of machining technology based on innovative principles such as laser heating,tool vibration,magnetic magnetization,and plasma modification,providing a new solution for improving the machinability of DMMs.This technology not only addresses these limitations of traditional machining methods,but also has become a hot topic of research in the domain of ultra-precision machining of DMMs.Many new methods and principles have been introduced and investigated one after another,yet few studies have presented a comprehensive analysis and summarization.To fill this gap and understand the development trend of FAM,this study provides an important overview of FAM,covering different assisted machining methods,application effects,mechanism analysis,and equipment design.The current deficiencies and future challenges of FAM are summarized to lay the foundation for the further development of multi-field hybrid assisted and intelligent FAM technologies.

Prospective Cohort Investigation on Physical Activity of Osteoporosis Outcomes(PAOPO)in Jidong:Objectives,Study Design,and Baseline Characteristics

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association between physical activity(PA),independently or in conjunction with other contributing factors,and osteoporosis(OP)outcomes.Methods The Physical Activity in Osteoporosis Outcomes(PAOPO)study was a community-based cohort investigation.A structured questionnaire was used to gather the participants’sociodemographic characteristics.Bone mineral density(BMD)measurements were performed to assess OP outcomes,and the relationship between BMD and OP was evaluated within this cohort.Results From 2013 to 2014,8,471 participants aged 18 years and older were recruited from Tangshan,China’s Jidong community.Based on their PA level,participants were categorized as inactive,moderately active,or very active.Men showed higher physical exercise levels than women across the activity groups.BMD was significantly higher in the very active group than in the moderately active and inactive groups.Individuals aged>50 years are at a higher risk of developing OP and osteopenia.Conclusion The PAOPO study offers promising insights into the relationship between PA and OP outcomes,encouraging the implementation of PA in preventing and managing OP.

Facies-controlled prediction of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in Shuangyushi,northwestern Sichuan Basin

The Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Shuangyushi area,northwestern Sichuan Basin,develops shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs.To pinpoint promising reservoirs in the Qixia Formation,deep thin shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs were predicted using the techniques of pre-stack Kirchhoff-Q compensation for absorption,inverse Q filtering,low-to high-frequency compensation,forward modeling,and facies-controlled seismic meme inversion.The results are obtained in six aspects.First,the dolomite reservoirs mainly exist in the middle and lower parts of the second member of Qixia Formation(Qi2 Member),which coincide with the zones shoal cores are developed.Second,the forward modeling shows that the trough energy at the top and bottom of shoal core increases with increasing shoal-core thickness,and weak peak reflections are associated in the middle of shoal core.Third,five types of seismic waveform are identified through waveform analysis of seismic facies.Type-Ⅰ and Type-Ⅱ waveforms correspond to promising facies(shoal core microfacies).Fourth,vertically,two packages of thin dolomite reservoirs turn up in the sedimentary cycle of intraplatform shoal in the Qi2 Member,and the lower package is superior to the upper package in dolomite thickness,scale and lateral connectivity.Fifth,in plane,significantly controlled by sedimentary facies,dolomite reservoirs laterally distribute with consistent thickness in shoal cores at topographical highs and extend toward the break.Sixth,the promising prospects are the zones with thick dolomite reservoirs and superimposition of horstegraben structural traps.

Scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)synergistically boosting photothermal capture and storage of phase change materials

Pristine phase change materials(PCMs)suffer from inherent deficiencies of poor solar absorption and photothermal conversion.Herein,we proposed a strategy of co-incorporation of zero-dimensional(OD)metal nanoparticles and two-dimensional(2D)photothermal materials in PCMs for efficient capture and conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.Highly scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)nanoflower cluster serving as photon and phonon triggers was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal growth of ZIF67 polyhedron on 2D MoS_(2)and subsequent high-temperature carbonization.After encapsulating thermal storage unit(paraffin wax),the obtained composite PCMs integrated high-performance photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage capability.Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of OD Co nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance effect,carbon layer with the conjugation effect and 2D MoS_(2)with strong solar absorption,composite PCMs exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.19%,Additionally,the resulting composite PCMs also demonstrated long-term thermal sto rage stability and durable structu ral stability after 300 thermal cycles.The proposed collabo rative co-incorporation strategy provides some innovative references for developing next-generation photothermal PCMs in solar energy utilization.

不同地区发酵型米酒挥发性风味化合物研究

目的研究不同地区发酵型米酒挥发性风味化合物的特征及地区间关键差异化合物。方法采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱法对米酒主要产区的26个代表性酒样中的挥发性物质进行检测,利用主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析等多元统计方法进行分析。结果26个酒样中共鉴定出70个主要挥发性风味化合物,包括酯类、醇类、醛类、酸类、烷烃类、酮类及其他类,其中酯类和醇类化合物为主要挥发性成分;根据多元统计分析发现供试酒样呈现出明显的区域特性,日本米酒和中国米酒挥发性风味化合物具有显著差异,日本米酒挥发性风味化合物主要为酯类化合物,包括癸酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯等;国内米酒的挥发性化合物特征与地理位置有一定关系,酒样可区分为2大类,即长江以南(贵州、江西)米酒与长江以北(湖北、江苏)米酒,其中长江以南米酒的特征风味化合物为4-乙基苯酚、乙酸苯乙酯、苯乙醇等芳香族化合物,长江以北米酒的特征风味化合物为辛酸乙酯、香叶醇、辛酸等。结论国内米酒和日本米酒风味的关键差异化合物为己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和异戊醇等具有水果甜香的酯类物质及高级醇,国内长江以南和长江以北米酒风味的关键差异化合物为异戊醇、2-甲基丁醇、异丁醇和苯乙醇等高级醇和萜烯醇类物质。

黔江区桑叶中重金属污染及农药残留现状分析与评价

目的对重庆市黔江区桑叶中5种重金属污染和42种农药残留进行测定,为辖区内蚕桑业的发展、桑叶类药食产品的质量安全控制提供参考依据。方法从黔江区内4个片区共采集196批样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法进行重金属及农药残留的测定,用内梅罗污染指数法、单因子污染指数法等方法综合评价重金属污染及农药残留风险。结果196批次桑叶样品中,共检出重金属196批次,检出率100%,污染类型为复合型重金属污染,其中铬(Cr)检出率最高,为96.94%,铅(Pb)次之,Cd(镉)未检出。选取其中154批桑叶进行农药残留检测,检出农药残留样品55批次,检出率为35.71%;42种农残项目中检出12种,其中毒死蜱、敌敌畏检出频次较高;不同乡镇片区之间及不同月份检出情况存在极显著差异(P<0.01),金溪片区检出数及检出率最高。结论部分乡镇农药使用情况较为普遍,重金属含量偏高,过量食用可能会存在一定风险,需引起相关部门注意。

Analysis of Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Crop Rhizosphere Soil Based on Illumina NovaSeq Sequencing Platform

[Objectives]To make full use of crop rhizosphere microbial resources.[Methods]Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform was used to analyze the richness and diversity of microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil of rice and maize crops in Baitu Town,Gaoyao District,Zhaoqing City.[Results]A total of 14936 OTUs of bacteria and 1905 OTUs of fungi were obtained from three samples of rice rhizosphere soil,and 13437 OTUs of bacteria and 1413 OTUs of fungi were obtained from three samples of maize rhizosphere soil.The diversity and richness of bacterial communities were higher than those of fungi.There are differences in soil bacterial and fungal communities among different crop samples.The analysis of species with bacteria difference at genus level among crop rhizosphere soil samples showed that 18 genera with significant differences were obtained from 6 samples;species analysis of fungi at the genus level showed that 3 genera with significant differences were obtained from 6 samples.[Conclusions]The research results of this paper have positive significance for the development and utilization of soil resources in Zhaoqing City and the full exploitation of rice and maize rhizosphere microbial resources.

3种方法分离鉴定沙门菌和单增李斯特菌

通过参加2022年中国检验检疫科学研究院组织的ACAS-PT1343沙门菌(Salmonella)、单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)检测能力验证计划,分别采用国标法、全自动酶联免疫荧光分析仪法和实时荧光PCR检测法对随机人工污染样品22-A419、22-F730沙门菌检验及22-D378、22-G483单增李斯特菌检验。结果显示,22-A419和22-F730检出沙门菌,血清分型为O(9,12)H(m),确定为肠炎沙门菌;22-D378检出单增李斯特菌,22-G483未检出。采用国标法检测沙门菌和单增李斯特菌,辅以分子生物学方法,不仅降低了假阳性率,也缩短了检测时间。后两种方法可作为大量样品的前筛查及应急检验,对筛查中出现的阳性样本用国标法进行确认,提高了检验检测效率。

Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer-Related Fatigue

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction in patients with gastric cancer and cancer-related fatigue(CRF).Methods:Using the random number table method as a reference,68 cases of gastric CRF were randomly divided into two groups.One group served as the control group and received basic treatment,while the other was the observation group.The observation group,in addition to the control group’s treatment,received Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction.The clinical treatment effectiveness,fatigue scores,immune function indicators,and treatment safety were compared between the two groups.Results:The total clinical treatment effectiveness of the observation group and the improvement in immune function indicators after treatment were higher than those of the control group.The fatigue score after treatment was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment in either group.Conclusion:Jianpi Fuzheng Decoction can enhance the clinical treatment effectiveness for gastric cancer patients with CRF.It facilitates the acceleration of fatigue symptom improvement and immune function enhancement.The medication’s safety is guaranteed,making it worthy of promotion.

3种方法分离鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌

通过参加2023年中国食品药品检定研究院组织的NIFDC-PT-451金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)检测能力验证计划,采用3种快速分离鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,与国标方法比较,提高了检验检测效率。分别采用国标法、全自动酶联免疫荧光分析仪法和实时荧光PCR检测法对随机人工污染样品TC04510042、TC04510204进行金黄色葡萄球菌检验。TC04510042、TC04510204均检出金黄色葡萄球菌,3种方法结果一致。金黄色葡萄球菌采用国标法,同时辅以全自动酶联免疫荧光分析仪法和实时荧光PCR检测法,不仅降低了假阳性率,也缩短了检测时间。后2种方法可作为大量样品的前筛查及应急检验,对筛查中出现的阳性样本用国标法进行确认,提高了检验检测效率。

一种基于光纤测温的碳滑板温度监测和控制系统设计

在高速铁路与城市轨道交通系统中,随着列车运行速度的提升及运行环境的复杂多变化,碳滑板在高电压、大电流工况下易因温度过高而导致磨损加速、性能衰退乃至失效,严重影响列车的运行效率与安全。因此,对碳板温度进行实时、准确的监测与控制成为保障轨道交通安全高效运营的重要课题。该文的核心是开展光纤温度传感器的系统开发,研究终端荧光测温节点与配套的无线监控硬件架构,此架构涵盖了从电源管理、测温警报机制、串口通信接口到无线网络传输等关键电路模块的设计,确保了从荧光信号捕捉至数据发送端与接收端的顺畅运作,为轨道交通的智能化与安全保障水平提升奠定了坚实的理论基础与技术支持。

Upgrade and Renovation of Steel Billet Scalein front of High-speed Wire Furnace

This article briefly introduces the weighing device for steel billets in front of the heating furnace of the high-speed wire rod unit,and analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the original weighing device for steel billets in production and use.Based on on-site installation conditions,design a new weighing method,match a large range weighing sensor,upgrade the automation control of the weighing device,and remotely transmit the billet weighing data to the MES system of the group.The automatic,stable,reliable,and accurate measurement of steel billet raw materials has been achieved,providing important guarantees for the accurate measurement of production line billet and product yield.

The effect of high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing based on the healthcare simulation standards of best practice

Background:High-fidelity simulation has been demonstrated to make great progress in learning.However,there is still ongoing exploration on how to fully harness the advantages of this teaching method and enhance its effectiveness.This study conducted high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing based on the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice and evaluated its effect.Methods:The study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020.A total of 82 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Shanghai participated in the high-fidelity simulation in medical nursing.The simulation design scale,educational practices in simulation scale,and students’satisfaction and self-confidence were used to evaluate the effect.Results:The mean score of simulation design scale was 4.06±0.63 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 3.0.The mean score of educational practices in simulation scale was 4.14±0.56 with the mean scores of all dimensions being over 4.0.The mean scores of students’satisfaction and self-confidence were 4.07±0.72 and 3.89±0.58,respectively.Conclusion:Students reported high levels of simulation design and educational practices in simulation.They were also satisfied with learning and reported high levels of self-confidence.Some key points need to be considered so that the learning effects might be optimized.

国外畜禽遗传资源保护及对我国的启示

世界畜禽遗传资源丰富多彩,种质特性各异,尤其地方品种对当地环境具有极强适应性,是珍贵的资源和宝库,需要全世界共同参与保护。本文详细介绍了国外畜禽资源保护情况的现状,包括畜禽资源保护有关政策措施、经费支持、遗传材料保存、研究项目和产生的效益等,并对我国畜禽遗传资源保护工作提出了建议。畜禽遗传资源保护情况反映了世界范围内人们对生物多样性的日益重视,特别是不同国家对动物遗传材料的保护和实施保护计划获得的预期效益,更反映了生物多样性的概念已经为公众和政府所接受。畜禽资源保护是我国种业振兴的首要行动,本文对加强我国畜禽遗传资源保护具有启示意义。