AIM: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the differential diagnosis of rectal NENs from other subepithelial lesions (SELs).
AIM: To investigate gadolinium-ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct(IPMN-B). METHODS: The i...AIM: To investigate gadolinium-ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct(IPMN-B). METHODS: The imaging findings of five cases of IPMN-B which were pathologically confirmed at our hospital between March 2012 and May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Three of these cases were diagnosed by duodenal endoscopy and biopsy pathology, and two cases were diagnosed by surgical pathology. All five patients underwent enhanced and non-enhanced computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI; one case underwent both Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and positron emission tomography-CT. The clinical data and imaging results for these cases were compared and are presented.RESULTS: Conventional imaging showed diffusedilatation of bile ducts and multiple intraductal polypoid and papillary neoplasms or serrated changes along the bile ducts. In two cases, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI revealed dilated biliary ducts and intraductal tumors, as well as filling defects caused by mucin in the dilated bile ducts in the hepatobiliary phase. GdEOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in one case clearly showed a low-signal tumor in the hepatobiliary phase, similar to what was seen by positron emission tomographyCT. In two patients, routine inspection was unable to discern whether the lesions were inflammation or tumors. However, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI revealed a pattern of gradual enhancement during the hepatobiliary phase, and the signal intensity of the lesions was lower than the surrounding liver parenchyma, suggesting tissue inflammation in both cases, which were confirmed by surgical pathology. CONCLUSION: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI reveals the intraductal mucin component of IPMN-B in some cases and the extent of tumor infiltration beyond the bile ducts in invasive cases.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illus...BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illustrate the role of caveolin-1(cav1)and the scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)in NAFLD.METHODS:Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or high fat and cholesterol(HFC)diet for 14 weeks.The mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and harvest the liver;their plasma lipid concentration was measured.Hepatic cav1and SR-B1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blotting,respectively.In order to study cav1 and SR-B1distribution and change in hepatocytes,immunohistochemical analysis was performed.RESULTS:HFC diet increased plasma lipids,induced NAFLD and increased the liver/body weight ratio.Compared to the control mice(n=6),the mRNA and protein levels of cav1 and SR-B1 in liver tissue of the NAFLD mice(n=12)increased significantly(cav1 mRNA:1.536±0.226 vs 0.980±0.272,P【0.05;protein:0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,P【0.01;SR-B1 mRNA:1.377±0.125 vs 0.956±0.151,P【0.01;protein:2.156±0.507vs 0.211±0.211,P【0.01).Furthermore,both cav1 and SR-B1immunoreactivity increased and their distribution was also changed,mainly in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets and around.CONCLUSION:NAFLD is associated with increased concentration of plasma lipids and upregulation of hepatic cav1 and SR-B1 gene and protein expressions,which indicate that cav1 and SR-B1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.展开更多
Esophageal granular cell tumors(GCTs) are rare tumors of the esophagus.We evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of 9 esophageal GCT patients(5 men and 4 women) from our institute and reviewed the related dise...Esophageal granular cell tumors(GCTs) are rare tumors of the esophagus.We evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of 9 esophageal GCT patients(5 men and 4 women) from our institute and reviewed the related disease literature.Patient age ranged from 25 to 53 years(mean:41 years).All the patients were asymptomatic or presented with non-specific symptoms.Most GCTs occurred in the distal esophagus and were less than 6 mm in diameter.Computational analysis showed that the average gray-scale endoscopic ultrasound images of esophageal GCTs were greater than that of esophageal leiomyomas.Eight patients were treated by endoscopic resection,and 1 patient underwent surgical excision.No post-therapy recurrence or metastasis developed during follow-up(mean:36.4 mo,range:1-72 mo).展开更多
The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neop...The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which the classification and diagnosis of the bladder tumors through morphologic analysis will be supported by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article oudines tumor molecular pathology of bladder cancer with an emphasis on several promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of clinical management of bladder cancer.展开更多
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)can originate from the large bile duct group(segment bile ducts and area bile ducts),small bile duct group(septal bile ducts and interlobular bile ducts),and terminal bile duct gro...Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)can originate from the large bile duct group(segment bile ducts and area bile ducts),small bile duct group(septal bile ducts and interlobular bile ducts),and terminal bile duct group(bile ductules and canals of Hering)of the intrahepatic biliary tree,which can be histopathological corresponding to large duct type iCCA,small duct type iCCA and iCCA with ductal plate malformation pattern,and cholangiolocarcinoma,respectively.The challenge in pathological diagnosis of above subtypes of iCCA falls in the distinction of cellular morphologies,tissue structures,growth patterns,invasive behaviors,immunophenotypes,molecular mutations,and surgical prognoses.For these reasons,this expert consensus provides nine recommendations as a reference for standardizing and refining the diagnosis of pathological subtypes of iCCA,mainly based on the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System.展开更多
Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a...Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a favorable factor for survival in patients without tamoxifen therapy. To investigate the mechanisms behind this paradox, we determined the differences between the transcriptional profiles of ER-α36 and full-length ER-α (ER-α66) in breast cancers and matched normal tissues. Methods: We analyzed ER-α36 and ER-α66 messenger RNA ( mRNA) levels in 74 pairs of breast cancers and matched normal tissues using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and correlated the results with their clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Breast cancers expressed lower ER-α36 mRNA levels than matched normal tissues regardless of their ER-α66 expression status. Down-regulation of ER-α36 mRNA was correlated with local progression, lymph node metastasis, and advanced cancer stage. The level of ER-α66 mRNA was lower in ER-α negative breast cancers compared with matched normal tissues. No differences in ER-α66 mRNA levels were observed during cancer progression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of ER-α36 is associated with carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the differential diagnosis of rectal NENs from other subepithelial lesions (SELs).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171388Ministry of Health Research Foundation of China(in part),No.WKJ2011-2-004
文摘AIM: To investigate gadolinium-ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct(IPMN-B). METHODS: The imaging findings of five cases of IPMN-B which were pathologically confirmed at our hospital between March 2012 and May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Three of these cases were diagnosed by duodenal endoscopy and biopsy pathology, and two cases were diagnosed by surgical pathology. All five patients underwent enhanced and non-enhanced computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI; one case underwent both Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and positron emission tomography-CT. The clinical data and imaging results for these cases were compared and are presented.RESULTS: Conventional imaging showed diffusedilatation of bile ducts and multiple intraductal polypoid and papillary neoplasms or serrated changes along the bile ducts. In two cases, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI revealed dilated biliary ducts and intraductal tumors, as well as filling defects caused by mucin in the dilated bile ducts in the hepatobiliary phase. GdEOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in one case clearly showed a low-signal tumor in the hepatobiliary phase, similar to what was seen by positron emission tomographyCT. In two patients, routine inspection was unable to discern whether the lesions were inflammation or tumors. However, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI revealed a pattern of gradual enhancement during the hepatobiliary phase, and the signal intensity of the lesions was lower than the surrounding liver parenchyma, suggesting tissue inflammation in both cases, which were confirmed by surgical pathology. CONCLUSION: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI reveals the intraductal mucin component of IPMN-B in some cases and the extent of tumor infiltration beyond the bile ducts in invasive cases.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(491010-N11026)
文摘BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illustrate the role of caveolin-1(cav1)and the scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)in NAFLD.METHODS:Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or high fat and cholesterol(HFC)diet for 14 weeks.The mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and harvest the liver;their plasma lipid concentration was measured.Hepatic cav1and SR-B1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blotting,respectively.In order to study cav1 and SR-B1distribution and change in hepatocytes,immunohistochemical analysis was performed.RESULTS:HFC diet increased plasma lipids,induced NAFLD and increased the liver/body weight ratio.Compared to the control mice(n=6),the mRNA and protein levels of cav1 and SR-B1 in liver tissue of the NAFLD mice(n=12)increased significantly(cav1 mRNA:1.536±0.226 vs 0.980±0.272,P【0.05;protein:0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,P【0.01;SR-B1 mRNA:1.377±0.125 vs 0.956±0.151,P【0.01;protein:2.156±0.507vs 0.211±0.211,P【0.01).Furthermore,both cav1 and SR-B1immunoreactivity increased and their distribution was also changed,mainly in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets and around.CONCLUSION:NAFLD is associated with increased concentration of plasma lipids and upregulation of hepatic cav1 and SR-B1 gene and protein expressions,which indicate that cav1 and SR-B1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
文摘Esophageal granular cell tumors(GCTs) are rare tumors of the esophagus.We evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of 9 esophageal GCT patients(5 men and 4 women) from our institute and reviewed the related disease literature.Patient age ranged from 25 to 53 years(mean:41 years).All the patients were asymptomatic or presented with non-specific symptoms.Most GCTs occurred in the distal esophagus and were less than 6 mm in diameter.Computational analysis showed that the average gray-scale endoscopic ultrasound images of esophageal GCTs were greater than that of esophageal leiomyomas.Eight patients were treated by endoscopic resection,and 1 patient underwent surgical excision.No post-therapy recurrence or metastasis developed during follow-up(mean:36.4 mo,range:1-72 mo).
文摘The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in malignances of the bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of the molecular pathways distinguishing low-and high- grade urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which the classification and diagnosis of the bladder tumors through morphologic analysis will be supported by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article oudines tumor molecular pathology of bladder cancer with an emphasis on several promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of clinical management of bladder cancer.
基金Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(shslczdzk01302)Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project(SHDC12021109).
文摘Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)can originate from the large bile duct group(segment bile ducts and area bile ducts),small bile duct group(septal bile ducts and interlobular bile ducts),and terminal bile duct group(bile ductules and canals of Hering)of the intrahepatic biliary tree,which can be histopathological corresponding to large duct type iCCA,small duct type iCCA and iCCA with ductal plate malformation pattern,and cholangiolocarcinoma,respectively.The challenge in pathological diagnosis of above subtypes of iCCA falls in the distinction of cellular morphologies,tissue structures,growth patterns,invasive behaviors,immunophenotypes,molecular mutations,and surgical prognoses.For these reasons,this expert consensus provides nine recommendations as a reference for standardizing and refining the diagnosis of pathological subtypes of iCCA,mainly based on the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2009CB521704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30772510)+2 种基金the Ministry of Health of China (No. WKJ2006-2-008)the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C24011)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. R206060), China
文摘Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a favorable factor for survival in patients without tamoxifen therapy. To investigate the mechanisms behind this paradox, we determined the differences between the transcriptional profiles of ER-α36 and full-length ER-α (ER-α66) in breast cancers and matched normal tissues. Methods: We analyzed ER-α36 and ER-α66 messenger RNA ( mRNA) levels in 74 pairs of breast cancers and matched normal tissues using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and correlated the results with their clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Breast cancers expressed lower ER-α36 mRNA levels than matched normal tissues regardless of their ER-α66 expression status. Down-regulation of ER-α36 mRNA was correlated with local progression, lymph node metastasis, and advanced cancer stage. The level of ER-α66 mRNA was lower in ER-α negative breast cancers compared with matched normal tissues. No differences in ER-α66 mRNA levels were observed during cancer progression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of ER-α36 is associated with carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.
