In situ calibrated angle between the quantization axis and the propagating direction of the light field for trapping neutral atoms

The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.

TMEM16F may be a new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease

TMEM16F is involved in many physiological processes such as blood coagulation,cell membrane fusion and bone mineralization.Activation of TMEM16F has been studied in various central nervous system diseases.High TMEM16F level has been also found to participate in microglial phagocytosis and transformation.Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a key factor in promoting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.However,few studies have examined the effects of TMEM16F on neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.In this study,we established TMEM16F-knockdown AD model in vitro and in vivo to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism about TMEM16F-mediated neuroinflammation in AD.We performed a Morris water maze test to evaluate the spatial memory ability of animals and detected markers for the microglia M1/M2 phenotype and NLRP3 inflammasome.Our results showed that TMEM16F was elevated in 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice.After TMEM16F knockdown in mice,spatial memory ability was improved,microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype was promoted,NLRP3 inflammasome activation was inhibited,cell apoptosis and Aβplaque deposition in brain tissue were reduced,and brain injury was alleviated.We used amyloid-beta(Aβ_(25-35))to stimulate human microglia to construct microglia models of Alzheimer’s disease.The levels of TMEM16F,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated biomarkers were higher in Aβ_(25-35) treated group compared with that in the control group.TMEM16F knockdown enhanced the expression of the M2 phenotype biomarkers Arg1 and Socs3,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation through reducing downstream proinflammatory factors interleukin-1βand interleukin-18.This inhibitory effect of TMEM16F knockdown on M1 microglia was partially reversed by the NLRP3 agonist Nigericin.Our findings suggest that TMEM16F participates in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease through participating in polarization of microglia and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These results indicate that TMEM16F inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

455～470nm波长的面阵蓝光对SD大鼠视网膜组织结构的影响

目的:基于455~470nm面阵蓝光照射SD大鼠,观察大鼠视网膜及脉络膜组织结构变化并分析照射时间与组织结构变化之间的关系。方法:选取6周龄健康SD雄性大鼠24只,随机分为正常对照组(n=6)和实验组(n=18),正常对照组无任何干预正常喂养6wk;实验组分为3个小组,每天分别予面阵蓝光发光器(455~470nm,391Lx)照射3、6、12h,连续照射6wk。光学显微镜下观察组织结构变化。结果:正常对照组的大鼠眼底组织结构完整,细胞形态正常。随蓝光照射时间延长,各实验组大鼠脉络膜纤维结缔组织玻璃样改变,局部疏松水肿,小血管增生,色素层变薄,细胞稀疏,视细胞数逐渐减少,局部消失。3h实验组细胞核染色清晰,双极细胞层及节细胞层未见明确改变。6、12h实验组细胞核固缩,双极细胞层轻度增生,神经节细胞层局部形成胞突。结论:视网膜的光感受器细胞随蓝光照射时间的延长出现明显变薄、萎缩、消失。色素上皮细胞损伤程度与蓝光照射时间无明显关系。

家属参与式教育对2型糖尿病患者代谢指标影响的Meta分析

目的评价家属参与式教育对2型糖尿病患者代谢指标产生的效应。方法通过计算机检索多个中英文数据库中的相关文献,然后对符合纳入、排除标准的随机对照研究进行评价,最后采用Stata14.0和RevMan5.3两种软件进行分析。结果纳入的随机对照试验共有11篇。相对于对照组的2型糖尿病患者,家属参与式教育组在降低糖化血红蛋白方面,3个月内[WMD=-0.50(95%CI:-0.61,-0.39),P=0.000]、3~6个月[WMD=-0.57(95%CI:-0.69,-0.45),P=0.000],以及6个月以后[WMD=-0.49(95%CI:-0.76,0.21),P=0.000],两组间差异有统计学意义;在降低空腹血糖水平上差异也有统计学意义[WMD=-17.44,(95%CI:-23.01,-11.87),P=0.000];然而在改善体重指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白水平等指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对2型糖尿病患者,家属参与式教育有利于长期改善患者的血糖管理情况,而对体重指数和脂质代谢指标的作用效果尚不能得出确定答案,有待临床开展设计合理的、样本量大的随机对照研究进行验证。

炔雌醇环丙孕酮片联合二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征患者血清DHEA、AMH及SHBG水平的影响

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)、抗缪勒管激素(AMH)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)水平及经炔雌醇环丙孕酮片联合二甲双胍治疗后的变化。方法选取2018年12月—2019年10月在重庆三峡中心医院妇产科就诊的PCOS患者52例作为观察组。另取同期有规律月经周期、卵巢功能正常的育龄期女性55例作为对照组。观察组应用炔雌醇环丙孕酮片联合二甲双胍治疗,疗程3个月。比较两组治疗前血清DHEA、AMH及SHBG水平和观察组治疗前后血清DHEA、AMH及SHBG水平。采用Pearson法分析血清DHEA、AMH、SHBG与PCOS病情严重程度的关系。结果观察组治疗前DHEA、AMH较对照组高(P<0.05),SHBG较对照组低(P<0.05)。1型组治疗前血清DHEA、AMH水平高于3型组、4型组(P<0.05),SHBG水平低于3型组、4型组(P<0.05),2型组患者治疗前血清DHEA、AMH水平高于4型组(P<0.05),SHBG水平低于4型组(P<0.05)。血清DHEA、AMH与PCOS病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.827和0.764,P<0.05),SHBG与PCOS病情严重程度呈负相关(r=-0.852,P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清DHEA、AMH较治疗前低(P<0.05),SHBG较治疗前高(P<0.05)。结论PCOS患者血清DHEA、AMH水平升高,SHBG水平降低。血清DHEA、AMH及SHBG均能有效反映PCOS患者的病情严重程度。炔雌醇环丙孕酮片联合二甲双胍对PCOS患者具有良好的疗效,能有效改善患者血清DHEA、AMH及SHBG水平。

Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction for gastroesophageal reflux disease:A randomized double-simulation controlled trial

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has a high prevalence worldwide,and its incidence is increasing annually.Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction(MXD)could relieve the symptoms of GERD,but the effects of MXD on GERD manifestations and relapse prevention need to be further explained.Therefore,we performed a prospective,double-blind,and double-simulation study.AIM To verify the efficacy of MXD for GERD and its effect on esophageal motility.METHODS Using randomization,double-blinding,and a simulation design,288 participants with GERD were randomized to the treatment group and control group and received herbs(MXD)plus omeprazole simulation and omeprazole plus herbs simulation,respectively,for 4 wk.The GERD-Q scale score and esophageal manometry were measured at baseline,after treatment,and at 1 mo and 3 mo follow-up visits when medication was complete to evaluate recurrence indicators.RESULTS The GERD-Q scale score in both groups decreased significantly compared to those before treatment(P<0.01).However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Esophageal manometry showed that participants with lower esophageal sphincter pressure reduction and the proportion of ineffective swallowing(more than 50%)improved in both groups from baseline(P<0.01),especially in the treatment group(P<0.05).The percentage of small intermittent contractions,large intermittent contractions,and increased pre-phase contractions in the treatment group significantly improved compared with baseline(P<0.05)but did not improve in the control group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the groups after treatment(P>0.05).The percentage of weak esophageal contractility(distal contractile integral<450 mmHg·s·cm),improved in both groups(P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed between the groups after treatment(P>0.05).The relapse rate in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group at the 1 mo(P<0.01)and 3 mo follow-up(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MXD has a similar therapeutic effect to omeprazole in mild-to-moderate GERD.The therapeutic effect may be related to increased pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter and reduced ineffective swallowing.

Association between Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and early demyelination and oligodendrocyte dysfunction

The APPSwe/PSEN1 dE9（APP/PS1） transgenic mouse model is an Alzheimer＇s disease mouse model exhibiting symptoms of dementia, and is commonly used to explore pathological changes in the development of Alzheimer＇s disease. Previous clinical autopsy and imaging studies suggest that Alzheimer＇s disease patients have white matter and oligodendrocyte damage, but the underlying mechanisms of these have not been revealed. Therefore, the present study used APP/PS1 mice to assess cognitive change, myelin loss, and corresponding changes in oligodendrocytes, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Morris water maze tests were performed to evaluate cognitive change in APP/PS1 mice and normal C57 BL/6 mice aged 3 and 6 months. Luxol fast blue staining of the corpus callosum and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR） for myelin basic protein（MBP） mRNA were carried out to quantify myelin damage. Immunohistochemistry staining for NG2 and qRT-PCR for monocarboxylic acid transporter 1（MCT1） mRNA were conducted to assess corresponding changes in oligodendrocytes. Our results demonstrate that compared with C57 BL/6 mice, there was a downregulation of MBP mRNA in APP/PS1 mice aged 3 months. This became more obvious in APP/PS1 mice aged 6 months accompanied by other abnormalities such as prolonged escape latency in the Morris water maze test, shrinkage of the corpus callosum, upregulation of NG2-immunoreactive cells, and downregulation of MCT1 mRNA. These findings indicate that the involvement of early demyelination at 3 months and the oligodendrocyte dysfunction at 6 months in APP/PS1 mice are in association with Alzheimer＇s disease pathogenesis.

Phase analysis and thermal conductivity of in situ O′-sialon/β-Si_3N_4 composites

Typical O＇-sialon-based ceramics, with a formula of Si2-xAlxOl＋xN2-x, where x was set as 0.25, were fabricated by in-situ synthesis Si3N4, Al2O3, and SiO2 powders were used as raw materials, and MgO and Y2O3 were added as sintering additives. All the samples were sintered at different temperatures under a nitrogen pressure of 0.25-0.30 MPa, and their rnicrostructure, phase content, and thermal conductivity were evaluated. The effects of O＇-sialon and β-Si3N4 on the thermal conductivity were analyzed by numerical calculation in detail. In the case of the similar porosity, the thermal conductivity of O＇-sialon-based ceramics decreased with the ratio of O＇-sialon/β-Si3N4 increasing. When the ratio was 12, the thermal conductivity of O＇-sialon ceramics sintered at 1360℃ was 1.197 W.m-1.K-1.

GaP-Based High-Efficiency Elliptical Cylinder Metasurface in Visible Light

Compared with the metal antenna metasurface,the dielectric metasurface has better optical characteristics and smaller ohmic loss in the optical band,which makes it superlor.An elliptical cylindrical nanostructured antenna is designed using GaP with excellent transmission characteristics in the visible band.This structure has a transmjssion efficiency of up to 0.96 in the visible light band.Based on the Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)phase control principle,the metasurface structure composed of the antennas is studied,and its abnormal refraction metasurface and focusing meta-lens are analyzed.It is a highly ef Rcient sub-wavelength structure,and promises great potential for the applications of circular polarization optics,nanolithography,dense storage and biophotonics.

Reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the relationship between CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 gene promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and the type of acute myocardial infarction （ST elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI vs the non-ST elevation Myocardial infarction, NSTEMI）. Methods One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with AMI were included for the study, of whom 60 had STEMI and 56 had NSTEMI, and 60 adults without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were selected as controls. Blood samples were obtained from patients within 6 h of AMI and the plasma PAI-1, CRP, and the gene polymorphism were measured. Results Plasma levels of PAI- 1 and CRP were higher in AMI groups, compared those in the control group, and plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in patients with STEMI compared to those with NSTEMI （80.12ng/ml VS.73.01ng/ml, P 〈0.01）, while CRP levels were not significantly different between patient with STEMI and NSTEMI （3.87 ± 0.79 mg/ml VS.4.01 ±0.69mg/ml, P〉0.05）. PAI-1 levels presented a significant correlation with CRP levels in the NSTEMI subjects. However, PAI-1 and CRP levels could explain the lack of a significant relationship between them in control and STEMI subjects.The frequencies of 4G/4G genotype in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group and higher in patient with STEMI than in patient with NSTEMI. Plasma levels of PAI-1 in subjects with 4G/4G genotype were significantly increased as compared to those in subjects with 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype. Conclusions Plasma PAI-1 levels were associated with different myocardial infarction type, and PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphisms and CRP may be related to plasma PAI-1 levels

Epigenetic regulatory differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to the red lineage

The differentiation process from hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)to mature red blood cells(RBCs)is characterized by remarkable precision and is tightly controlled from the initial lineage commitment to eventual terminal differentiation.Erythropoiesis is the dynamic journey of HSCs through various functional and phenotypic stages.The physiological course of erythrogenesis is intricately linked to significant changes in chromatin accessibility,necessitating precise coordination of transcription factors and epigenetic elements.This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent investigations into the molecular-level epigenetic regulatory factors that influence the differentiation of the erythroid lineage.This encompasses the exploration of transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and post-translational regulatory processes.The intricate interplay of epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory networks in erythroid differentiation not only enhances our understanding of this fundamental biological process but also provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of disorders associated with abnormal erythroid development.These findings hold significant promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to address these diseases and improve patient outcomes.

Serotonin suppresses lung ILC2 activation and proliferation

In recent issue, Wang et al. [1] reported the suppressive effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the activation and proliferation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs. ILC2s belong to a family of newly appreciated immune cells with a broad impact on a variety of immunological functions [2]. In particular, ILC2 activation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma [3]. Although serotonin is known to play important roles in diverse physiological functions in the body [4], the effects of serotonin on innate lymphoid cells are less understood. The findings described here could potentially establish a new therapeutic avenue for respiratory disorders.

A pilot field-scale study on biotrickling filter treatment of NH_3-containing odorous gases from organic waste composting plants

The use of a biotrickling filter was investigated for a pilot field-scale elimination of NH3 gas and other odorous gases from a composting plant in Tongzhou District, Beijing. The inlet gas flow rate was 3500 m3/h and NH3 concentration fluctuated between 2.76–27.84 mg/m3, while the average outlet concentration was 1.06 mg/m3 with an average of 94.9% removal. Critical volumetric loading (removal efficiency=100%) was 11.22 g-N/(m3·h). The odor concentration removal was 86.7%. NH3 removal efficiency decreased as the free ammonia (FA) in the trickling liquid increased. The pressure drop was maintained at about 50 Pa/m and was never more than 55 Pa/m. During the experiment, there was neither backflushing required nor any indication of clogging. Overall, the biotrickling filter was highly efficient and cost-effective for the simultaneous biodegradation of NH3 and other odorous gases from composting, suggesting the possibility of treating odorous gases at the industrial level.

Gait Assessment of Pain and Analgesics: Comparison of the DigiGait^(TM) and CatWalk^(TM） Gait Imaging Systems

Investigation of pain requires measurements of nociceptive sensitivity and other pain-related behaviors.Recent studies have indicated the superiority of gait analysis over traditional evaluations(e.g., skin sensitivity and sciatic function index [SFI]) in detecting subtle improvements and deteriorations in animal models. Here,pain-related gait parameters, whose criteria include(1)alteration in pain models,(2) correlation with nociceptive threshold, and(3) normalization by analgesics, were identified in representative models of neuropathic pain(spared nerve injury: coordination data) and inflammatory pain(intraplantar complete Freund’s adjuvant: both coordination and intensity data) in the DigiGait^TM and CatWalk^TM systems. DigiGait^TM had advantages in fixed speed(controlled by treadmill) and dynamic SFI, while CatWalk^TM excelled in intrinsic velocity, intensity data,and high-quality 3 D images. Insights into the applicability of each system may provide guidance for selecting the appropriate gait imaging system for different animal models and optimization for future pain research.

Cantonese porcelain classification and image synthesis by ensemble learning and generative adversarial network

Accurate recognition of modern and traditional porcelain styles is a challenging issue in Cantonese porcelain management due to the large variety and complex elements and patterns. We propose a hybrid system with porcelain style identification and image recreation modules. In the identification module, prediction of an unknown porcelain sample is obtained by logistic regression of ensembled neural networks of top-ranked design signatures, which are obtained by discriminative analysis and transformed features in principal components. The synthesis module is developed based on a conditional generative adversarial network, which enables users to provide a designed mask with porcelain elements to generate synthesized images of Cantonese porcelain. Experimental results of 603 Cantonese porcelain images demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other methods relative to precision, recall, area under curve of receiver operating characteristic, and confusion matrix. Case studies on image creation indicate that the proposed system has the potential to engage the community in understanding Cantonese porcelain and promote this intangible cultural heritage.

Id1 has a physiological role in regulating early B lymphopoiesis

Basic helix–loop–helix E proteins play critical roles in B-cell development by stimulating B cell-specific gene expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.The function of E proteins can be effectively suppressed by their naturally occurring inhibitors,Id1 to 4.Ectopic expression of Id1 has been shown to block B-cell development at the early pro-B cell stage.However,whether Id1 plays a physiological role in controlling B lymphopoiesis was not known.Although Id1-deficient mice do not exhibit significant abnormalities in steady-state B lymphopoiesis,we detected more robust B-cell engraftment in transplant recipients of Id1-deficient bone marrow compared to those of wild-type donor cells.In culture,Id1 ablation dramatically enhances B-lineage cell production without any marked effects on myeloid differentiation.Consistently,Id1 expression was found in pro-B but not pre-B cells as measured by enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)fluorescence and by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.Although loss of Id1 did not alter the number of B-cell colonies generated from whole bone marrow or the proliferation rate of developing B cells,B-cell colonies were detectable at a much earlier time point and the size of the colonies were larger.Therefore,we infer that Id1-deficient progenitors possess higher potential to differentiate to the pre-B cell stage when a proliferative burst occurs.Taken together,we present evidence to suggest that Id1 plays a physiological role in restraining the developmental progression,which may be important for proper B-cell differentiation in the bone marrow.