Utility of cooling patches to prevent hand-foot syndrome caused by pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin(PLD)uses the hydrophilic layer of liposomes to reach the sweat on the skin surface or accumulate in the sweat glands,producing toxic free radicals and oxidative damage,resulting in hand-foot syndrome(HFS).Regional cooling can induce vasoconstriction to reduce the release of drugs in the limbs and reduce the accumulation of drugs in sweat glands;thus,decreasing the incidence and severity of HFS.AIM To study the efficacy of cooling patches to prevent HFS caused by PLD in the short-term.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study.Female breast cancer patients(n=101)who were treated with PLD in two breast wards at our department from February 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the cooling group(51 patients)and the control group(50 patients).Patients in the control group only received routine care,while the patients in the cooling group applied cooling patches,based on routine care,to the palm and back of the hands 15 min before chemotherapy infusion for 10 h.All patients took a corresponding dose of dexamethasone orally one day before chemotherapy,on the day of chemotherapy,and one day after chemotherapy.SPSS23.0 version was used to analyze the data in this study.The occurrence and severity of HFS was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test,and scores were analyzed by the Student’s t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.A P value<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.RESULTS In this study,neither group of patients developed Grade 3 HFS.In the control group,the incidence of Grade 1 HFS and Grade 2 HFS was 38%and 2%,respectively.However,in the cooling group,only one person developed Grade 1 HFS(2%),and none of the patients developed Grade 2 HFS.These findings showed that cooling patches can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of HFS(P<0.0001)in the short-term.Before the fourth chemotherapy cycle,although general self-efficacy scale scores in the cooling group were low,they were still significantly higher than those in the control group(17.22±5.16 vs 19.63±6.42,P=0.041).Compared with the control group,the mean Hand-Foot Skin Reaction and Quality of Life Questionnaire score in the cooling group was significantly lower(18.08±7.01 vs 14.20±7.39,P=0.008).CONCLUSION Cooling patches can effectively reduce the frequency and severity of HFS caused by PLD in the short-term.In addition,it may help delay the decline in patients’self-efficacy.

Recent advances in nickel-catalyzed reductive hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of electronically unbiased alkenes

The use of simple and easily available feedstock to quickly and efficiently obtain compounds with complex molecular structures through the transition-metal-catalyzed construction of C(sp3)–C bonds has important significance.As traditional C(sp3)–C coupling reagents,alkylmetallic reagents often have limitations such as air and moisture sensitivity and difficulties in storage.Nickel-catalyzed reductive olefin hydrocarbonation reactions use alkenes to replace organometallic reagents,reduce the synthesis steps,improve the functional group compatibility,and expand the substrate scope.This minireview discusses important progress in the hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of electronically unbiased alkenes in recent years and describes the key mechanism and applications.

First-principles calculation of Aun@(ZnS)(42)(n=6-16)hetero-nanostructure system

The structure stability and electronic and optical properties of a series of Au@ZnS core-shell nanocomposites with different sizes were investigated theoretically by first-principle calculation based on density functional theory(DFT).A series of Aun@(ZnS)(42)structures with different n values from 6 to 16 were optimized and obtained.Based on the core-shell interaction energy and second-order difference of total energy of these structures,it is found that Au(13)@(ZnS)(42)turns out to be the most stable structure.Based on the model of Au(13)@(ZnS)(42),the density of state and charge density difference were studied and provided a deeper understanding of the electronic structures of Au@ZnS.On the other hand,absorption coefficient and dielectric function were investigated to study the optical properties.It is found that an optical absorption peak appears in visible-light region,indicating that the photo-catalytic can be improved prominently due to the optical redshift to visible-light region when forming core-shell structure from ZnS bulk.And the redshift phenomenon accords well with experiment.Furthermore,the electronic structure further confirms the existence of redshift of optical absorption spectrum.

NiH-Catalyzed Reductive Hydrocarbonation of Enol Esters and Ethers

Chiral dialkyl carbinols and their derivatives are significant synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry and related fields.The development of convenient and efficient methods to access these compounds has long been an important endeavor.Herein,we report a NiH-catalyzed reductive hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of enol esters and ethers.α-Oxoalkyl organonickel species were generated in situ in a catalytic mode and then participated in cross-coupling with alkyl or aryl halides.This approach enabled C(sp^(3))–C(sp^(3))and C(sp^(3))–C(sp^(2))bond formation under mild reductive conditions with simple operations,thereby boosting a broad substrate scope and good functional compatibility.Esters of enantioenriched dialkyl carbinols were accessed in a catalytic asymmetric version.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that this reaction proceeded through a syn-addition of Ni–H intermediate to an enol ester with high regio-and enantioselectivity.

Joint effect of pre-operative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion on outcomes of colon-cancer patients undergoing colectomy

Background:Both pre-operative anemia and perioperative(intra-and/or post-operative)blood transfusion have been reported to increase post-operative complications in patients with colon cancer undergoing colectomy.However,their joint effect has not been investigated.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the joint effect of pre-operative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion on the post-operative outcome of colon-cancer patients after colectomy.Methods:We identified patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP)database 2006–2016 who underwent colectomy for colon cancer.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the independent and joint effects of anemia and blood transfusion on patient outcomes.Results:A total of 35,863 patients—18,936(52.8%)with left-side colon cancer(LCC)and 16,927(47.2%)with right-side colon cancer(RCC)—were identified.RCC patients were more likely to have mild anemia(62.7%)and severe anemia(2.9%)than LCC patients(40.2%mild anemia and 1.4%severe anemia).A total of 2,661(7.4%)of all patients(1,079[5.7%]with LCC and 1,582[9.3%]with RCC)received a perioperative blood transfusion.Overall,the occurrence rates of complications were comparable between LCC and RCC patients(odds ratio[OR]=1.01;95%confidence interval[CI]=0.95–1.07;P=0.750).There were significant joint effects of anemia and transfusion on complications and the 30-day death rate(P for interaction:0.010).Patients without anemia who received a transfusion had a higher risk of any complications(LCC,OR=3.51;95%CI=2.55–4.85;P<0.001;RCC,OR=3.74;95%CI=2.50–5.59;P<0.001),minor complications(LCC,OR=2.54;95%CI=1.63–3.97;P<0.001;RCC,OR=2.27;95%CI=1.24–4.15;P=0.008),and major complications(LCC,OR=5.31;95%CI=3.68–7.64;P<0.001;RCC,OR=5.64;95%CI=3.61–8.79;P<0.001),and had an increased 30-day death rate(LCC,OR=6.97;95%CI=3.07–15.80;P<0.001;RCC,OR=4.91;95%CI=1.88–12.85;P=0.001)than patients without anemia who did not receive a transfusion.Conclusions:Pre-operative anemia and perioperative transfusion are associated with an increased risk of post-operative complications and increased death rate in colon-cancer patients undergoing colectomy.