Research on Fatigue Damage Behavior of Main Beam Sub-Structure of Composite Wind Turbine Blade

Given the difficulty in accurately evaluating the fatigue performance of large composite wind turbine blades(referred to as blades),this paper takes the main beam structure of the blade with a rectangular cross-sectionas the simulation object and establishes a composite laminate rectangular beam structure that simultaneouslyincludes the flange,web,and adhesive layer,referred to as the blade main beam sub-structure specimen,throughthe definition of blade sub-structures.This paper examines the progressive damage evolution law of the compositelaminate rectangular beam utilizing an improved 3D Hashin failure criterion,cohesive zone model,B-K failurecriterion,and computer simulation technology.Under static loading,the layup angle of the anti-shear web hasa close relationship with the static load-carrying capacity of the composite laminate rectangular beam;under fatigueloading,the fatigue damage will first occur in the lower flange adhesive area of the whole composite laminaterectangular beam and ultimately result in the fracture failure of the entire structure.These results provide a theoreticalreference and foundation for evaluating and predicting the fatigue performance of the blade main beamstructure and even the full-size blade.

A novel PTEN gene promoter mutation and untypical Cowden syndrome

Cowden syndrome （CS）, an autosomal dominant disorder, is one of a spectrum of clinical disorders that have been linked to germline mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN） gene. Although 70-80% of patients with CS have an identifiable germline PTEN mutation, the clinical diagnosis presents many challenges because of the phenotypic and genotypic variations. In the present study, we sequenced the exons and the promoter of PTEN gene, mutations and variations in the promoter and exons were identified, and a PTEN protein expression negative region was determined by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. In conclusion, a novel promoter mutation we found in PTEN gene may turn off PTEN protein expression occasionally, leading to the disorder of PTEN and untypical CS manifestations.

A 20.8-Gbps Dual-Carrier Wireless Communication Link in 220-GHz Band

With the successful demonstration of terahertz(THz)high-speed wireless data transmission,the THz frequencies are now becoming a worth candidate for post-5G wireless communications.On the other hand,to bring THz communications a step closer to real scenario application,solving high data rate realtime transmission is also an important issue.This paper describes a 220-GHz solid-state dual-carrier wireless link whose maximum transmission real-time data rates are 20.8 Gbps(10.4 Gbps per channel).By aggregating two carrier signals in the THz band,the contradiction between high real-time data rate communication and low sampling rate analog-to-digital(ADC)and digital-to-analog converter(DAC)is alleviated.The transmitting and receiving front-ends consist of 220-GHz diplexers,220-GHz sub-harmonic mixers based on anti-parallel Schottky barrier diodes,G-band low-noise amplifiers(LNA),WR-4.3 band high-gain Cassegrain antennas,high data rates dual-DAC and-ADC baseband platform and other components.The low-density parity-check(LDPC)encoding is also realized to improve the bit error rate(BER)of the received signal.Modulated signals are centered at 214.4 GHz and 220.6 GHz with-11.9 dBm and-13.4 dBm output power for channel 1 and 2,respectively.This link is demonstrated to achieve 20.8-Gbps real-time data transmission using 16-QAM modulation over a distance of 1030 m.The measured signal to noise ratio(SNR)is 17.3 dB and 16.5 dB,the corresponding BER is 8.6e-7 and 3.8e-7,respectively.Furthermore,4K video transmission is also carried out which is clear and free of stutter.The successful transmission of aggregated channels in this wireless link shows the great potential of THz communication for future wireless high-rate real-time data transmission applications.

Novel LFM Jammer Suppression Algorithm for DSSS in FRFT Domain

A novel algorithm is proposed to resolve the defects in the traditional linear frequency modulation(LFM)jamming suppression algorithm in the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)domain.The traditional LFM jamming suppression algorithm in the FRFT domain has some defects.For example,the exact threshold is difficult to set and both the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)loss and spectrum leakage are serious in strong jamming-to-signal ratio(JSR)situations.Windowing,overlapping and inverse windowing techniques are used in the FRFT domain to reduce the spectrum leakage and the SNR loss.Under the condition that only the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)signal and white Gaussian noise are present,the amplitude of the received signal after FRFT is assumed to be Rayleigh distributed.Based on the distribution characteristic,hypothesis testing is used to suppress the jamming spectrum using the algorithm.Simulation results show that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than that of the conventional algorithms,especially in a strong jamming and multi component LFM jamming environment.

Anti-Jamming Algorithm Based on Spatial Blind Search for Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver

A novel subspace projection anti-jamming algorithm based on spatial blind search is proposed,which uses multiple single-constrained subspace projection parallel filters.If the direction of arrival(DOA)of a satellite signal is unknown,the traditional subspace projection anti-jamming algorithm cannot form the correct beam pointing.To overcome the problem of the traditional subspace projection algorithm,multiple single-constrained subspace projection parallel filters are used.Every single-constrained anti-jamming subspace projection algorithm obtains the optimal weight vector by searching the DOA of the satellite signal and uses the output of cross correlation as a decision criterion.Test results show that the algorithm can suppress the jamming effectively,and generate high gain toward the desired signal.The research provides a new idea for the engineering implementation of a multi-beam anti-jamming algorithm based on subspace projection.

Preliminary Study on the Reinforcing Effect of Nanocellulose on Supercapacitor Membranes

In this study,six types of nanocellulose,as paper strengthening agents,were investigated for their reinforcing effects on a supercapacitor membrane by adding them to a slurry.The results indicated that adding 3%nanocellulose bacterial cellulose(BC)-B could effectively increase the tensile strength of the supercapacitor membrane by 36.5%without changing the pore structure of the membrane.Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that adding polyacrylamide to the supercapacitor membrane caused serious adhesion between fibers and affected the pore structure of the supercapacitor membrane,whereas adding BC-B did not produce similar effects.

红树林群落通过淹水时间及海水盐度的生态位分化实现物种共存

红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海湾河口潮间带的受到周期性海水淹浸的木本植物群落,红树植物如何适应潮间带环境、实现多物种分离共存一直是研究的热点。生态位理论是解释群落物种共存的重要理论和方法之一,而幼苗是种群更新的基础。因此,本研究选取海南岛分布较广的6种红树植物幼苗,通过人工控制海水盐度、淹没时间和光照强度模拟不同的潮间带环境,构建了一个微型的红树林小群落。通过测定这6种幼苗在不同控制环境中的净光合速率,统计分析幼苗在海水盐度、淹水时间和光照强度3种资源条件下的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位偏离程度,尝试阐述红树植物在潮间带中分离共存的机制。结果表明:在淹水方面,6种幼苗的生态位宽度最大的为白骨壤(Avicennia marina)(0.956),角果木(Ceriops tagal)(0.906)最小;白骨壤、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)的生态位重叠度较高,秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和角果木的生态位重叠度较高。生态位分离程度反映出在理论生态位中心是12 h/d的物种中,白骨壤(0.698)适应淹水的范围较大,在理论生态位中心是8 h/d的物种中秋茄(0.185)适应淹水的范围较大,在理论生态位中心是4 h/d的物种中海莲(0.115)适应淹水的范围较大。在盐度资源方面,生态位宽度最大的为白骨壤(0.987),秋茄(0.496)最小;白骨壤、桐花树和红海榄的生态位重叠度高,海莲和角果木的生态位重叠度高,秋茄与其他物种的生态位重叠度均不高。生态位分离程度反映出理论生态中心为20的物种中白骨壤(4.357)适应盐度的范围较大,理论生态位中心是10的物种中角果木(10.594)适应盐度的范围较大。在光照资源方面,生态位宽度最大的为角果木(0.995),白骨壤(0.828)最小;6种红树植物的生态位重叠度均较高;生态位分离程度反映出理论生态中心为100%光照的物种中红海榄(23.138)适应光照的范围较大,理论生态位中心是80%光照的物种中角果木(12.522)适应光照的范围较大。结合各物种在淹水、盐度和光照资源上的生态位分析,可以看出它们在淹水和盐度资源上的生态位分化相对较早且明显,各物种占据不同的淹水和盐度生态位,生态位重叠程度相对较低,对淹水和盐度资源的竞争较弱,进而实现在潮间带中的分离共存;而在光照资源上的生态位分化相对较晚且不明显,多数为阳生植物,生态位重叠程度较高,对光照的竞争相对较强。

Determination of Nine Phenolic Components in Leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.

[Objectives] To determine the nine phenolic components in the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. [Methods] The reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography( RP-HPLC) was applied. [Results] Nine phenolic components showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2-500 μg/m L with r in the range of 0. 999 5-0. 999 9. The recovery rate of spiked samples ranged from 93. 7% to110. 2%,and the relative standard deviation was in the range of 0. 69%-4. 58%. The leaves of 29 cultivars of C. pinnatifida Bge. were measured,and the average content of the nine phenolic components was as follows: isoquercitrin,hyperoside,procyanidin C1,procyanidin D1,epicatechin,procyanidin B2,chlorogenic acid,eucomic acid,and vitexin 2 "-O-rhamnoside. The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were high,up to 15 mg/g D. W,and the content of procyanidins was up to 6 mg/g D. W. [Conclusions]This method is easy and accurate in determination of phenolic components in the leaves of C. pinnatifida Bge.

Single-atom catalysis:a promising avenue for precisely controlling reaction pathways

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), characterized by exceptionally high atom efficiency, have garnered significant attention across various catalytic reactions. Recent studies have showcased SACs with robust capabilities for precise catalysis, specifically targeting reactions along designated pathways. This review focuses on the advances in the precise activation and reconstruction of chemical bonds on SACs, including precise activation of C–O and C–H bonds and selective couplings involving C–C and C–N bonds. Our discussion begins with a thorough exploration of the factors that render SACs skilled in precise catalytic processes, encompassing the narrow d-band electronic state of single atom site resulting in the adsorption tendency, isolate site resulting in unique adsorption structure, and synergy effect of a single atom site with its neighbors. Subsequently, we elaborate on the applications of SACs in electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis including four prominent reactions, namely, electrochemical CO_(2) reduction, urea electrochemical synthesis, CO_(2) hydrogenation, and CH4 activation. Then the concept of rational design of SACs for precisely controlling reaction pathways is discussed from the aspects of pore structure design, support-metal strong interaction, and support hydrophilic/hydrophobic. Finally, we summarize the challenges encountered by SACs in the field of precise catalytic processes and outline prospects for their further development in this domain.

Immunosuppression and phenotypic plasticity in an atlas of human hepatocholangiocarcinoma

Background:Hepatocholangiocarcinoma(H-ChC)has the clinicopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)and is a more aggressive subtype of primary hepatic carcinoma than HCC or iCCA.Methods:We sequenced 91,112 single-cell transcriptomes from 16 human samples to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the coexistence of HCC and iCCA components in H-ChC.Results:We observed two molecular subtypes of H-ChC at the whole-transcriptome level(CHP and CIP),where a metabolically active tumour cell subpopulation enriched in CHP was characterized by a cellular pre-differentiation property.To define the heterogeneity of tumours and their associated microenvironments,we observe greater tumour diversity in H-ChC than HCC and iCCA.H-ChC exhibits weaker immune cell infiltration and greater CD8+exhausted T cell(Tex)dysfunction than HCC and iCCA.Then we defined two broad cell states of 6,852 CD8+Tex cells:GZMK+CD8+Tex cells and terminal CD8+Tex cells.GZMK+CD8+Tex cells exhibited higher infiltration of after treatment in H-ChC,the effector scores and expression of the immune checkpoints of them greatly increased after immunotherapy,which indicated that H-ChC might be more sensitive than HCC or iCCA to immunotherapy.Conclusions:In this paper,H-ChC was explored,hoping to contribute to the study of mixed tumours in other cancers.

Zeolites for the environment

Zeolites are characterized by their microporous,crystalline structures with a four-connected framework with variable compositions,predominantly aluminosilicates.They are extensively utilized as adsorbents,catalysts,and ion exchangers across domestic and industrial sectors.With the ongoing energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources and the pursuit of environmentally sustainable development,zeolites are increasingly being explored beyond their traditional application fields.They are investigated for their adsorption and catalytic capabilities in the protection and restoration of air,water,and soil quality,as well as in the environmentally friendly“green”production of chemicals.This review article details these novel and potential applications of zeolites,emphasizing the unique properties that render them suitable for each specific use case and discussing how these properties can be fine-tuned through material selection or tailored synthesis methods.

海南省野生维管植物编目和分布数据集

海南省是我国热带雨林连片面积较大的地区,是我国物种多样性最为丰富的生物多样性关键地区之一,关于海南省植物编目的工作在2012–2015年间就取得了较好的进展,陆续出版了《海南植物物种多样性编目》《海南植物名录》和《海南植物图志》。但是随着对海南植物研究的深入,原来所记录的一些维管植物类群经过分类修订后名称发生了变化,科属分类及其名称需要进行调整,同时原来所采用的分类系统也亟需更新。本文在《海南植物名录》和《海南植被图志》的基础上,结合历年实际野外调查经验,通过系统检索文献资料和查阅相关书籍对现有编目数据进行查漏补缺,修订名称、更新分类系统,完善植物分布区、保护等级状况等相关信息,最终完成海南省野生维管植物编目和分布数据集。截至2023年2月,该数据集共有数据4,945条,其中包括石松类植物2科6属39种,蕨类植物32科121属531种,裸子植物6科10属27种,被子植物181科1,380属4,348种;数据集中列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录(2021)》的有173种(其中一级8种,二级165种);本土野生植物共有216科1,448属4,769种(含海南特有植物516种),外来逸生及归化植物有176种(含入侵植物63种)。与2013年出版的第一版《海南植物名录》相比,野生维管植物总物种数增加225种。本数据集可作为海南省维管植物多样性监测和保护的重要基础数据。

Power-to-Hydrogen by Electrolysis in Carbon Neutrality: Technology Overview and Future Development

Power-to-hydrogen by electrolysis(PtHE)is a promising technology in the carbon-neutral evolution of energy.PtHE not only contributes to renewable energy integration but also accelerates decarbonization in industrial sectors through green hydrogen production.This paper presents a comprehensive review of PtHE technology.First,technical solutions in PtHE technology are introduced to clarify pros and cons of one another.Besides,the multiphysics coupling and the multi-energy flow are investigated to reveal the insight mechanism during operation of compactly assembled industrial PtHE plants.Then,the development trends of core components in PtHE plants,including electrocatalysts,electrode plates and operation strategy,are reviewed,respectively.Research thrusts needed for PtHE in carbon-neutral transition are also summarized.Finally,three configurations of the PtHE plant in energy system integration are introduced,which can achieve renewable energy integration and efficient energy utilization.Index Terms-Carbon neutrality,power-to-hydrogen nby electrolysis(PtHE),multiphysics coupling,multidisciplinary.

Zeolitic germanosilicate analogue to pharmacosiderite crystallized in an acidic medium

Zeolites are typically synthesized in alkaline or fluoride-containing near-neutral media.Sophisticated organic structure-directing agents have been investigated for such systems with the aim of discovering materials with unprecedented structures and properties for novel technical applications.In contrast,zeolite crystallization in strongly acidic media has yet to be explored.This study demonstrates that a zeolitic silicate phase crystallizes from acidic gels using trimethylamine as an organic additive with the composition 1 SiO_(2):0.3 TMA:0.3 HCl:0.15 HF:55 H_(2)O:(0.1-0.4)GeO_(2).This phase has an interrupted four-connected framework analog to the octahedron/tetrahedron-mixed framework of the mineral family pharmacosiderite.In comparison to the pharmacosiderite-type HK_(3)(Ge_(7)O_(16))(H_(2)O)_(4),the four GeO_(6)-octahedra forming the central[HGe_(4)O_(4)O_(12)]-cluster are replaced by four SiO_(4)-tetrahedra in a[Si_(4)O_(6)(OH)2.89]-unit in the new phase.However,the structure is distorted and may contain connectivity and point defects;thus,healing by the occasional incorporation of GeO_(6)-units is necessary.The refined unit cell has a cubic symmetry,space group P-43m(#215),with a=7.7005(1)Å.Acidic-medium synthesis is a useful way to find new zeolites that move in a fundamentally different direction from sophisticated organic structure-directing agents.

Efficacy and safety of subsequent radiotherapy in patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background:The development of immunotherapy resistance is associated with a poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who are undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI).This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subsequent radiotherapy(RT)for patients with advanced-stage HCC who had lesion enlargement or new lesions(NLs)during ICI therapy.Methods:This retrospective observational study enrolled 36 patients with advanced-stage HCC who underwent subsequent RT for lesion enlargement or NLs during ICI therapy from two centers.The primary endpoints were progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS).The secondary endpoints included objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),1-and 2-year local control(LC)rates,in-field PFS(IFPFS),out-field PFS(OFPFS),and safety.Results:The median follow-up time was 15.3 months.The median PFS was 7.4 months[95%confidence interval(CI):3.1-11.7 months],and the median OS was 18.8 months(95%CI:17.1-20.5 months).ORR and DCR were 38.9%and 72.2%,respectively.In addition,the median IFPFS was 17.8 months(95%CI:11.5-24.2 months),median OFPFS was 7.9 months(95%CI:3.4-12.5 months),and estimated 1-and 2-year LC rates were 67.1%and 31.9%,respectively.The most common treatment-related adverse events(all grades)were diarrhea(33.3%),rash(30.6%),and malaise(27.8%);a total of 14(38.9%)patients developed grade 3-4 AEs.Conclusions:Subsequent RT showed reliable antitumor effects and an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced-stage HCC who had unsatisfactory response to ICI therapy;therefore,it could serve as an optional salvage strategy.

海口和三亚两城市破碎化林地中鸟类群落多样性与嵌套分布格局

城市化是生物多样性快速丧失的主要原因之一。鸟类作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,其生物多样性格局和物种保护已成为城市生态学研究的热点。为揭示城市化过程中城区和郊区破碎化林地中鸟类群落的多样性差异和嵌套格局,本研究于2021年春、夏季鸟类繁殖期采用样线法对海口和三亚市的城区、郊区共13个林地斑块中的鸟类群落进行调查。使用NODF(nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)和WNODF(weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)方法进行嵌套格局分析。研究发现:(1)共记录到林鸟100种,隶属于11目39科,其中三亚郊区的鸟类丰富度最高,共8目29科68种。记录到国家重点保护鸟类共18种,其中两城市郊区的国家重点保护鸟类物种数均多于城区,海口郊区还记录到国家I级重点保护鸟类黄胸鹀(Emberiza aureola)。(2)鸟类群落多度、物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在不同区域中均存在差异。海口城区的鸟类群落多度显著高于海口郊区(P<0.05),三亚郊区的鸟类群落物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于三亚城区和海口郊区(P<0.05)。(3)嵌套分析结果表明,海口和三亚市的城区、郊区林地鸟类群落均呈现反嵌套分布格局。线性回归分析显示,三亚市城区和郊区的斑块面积与鸟类物种丰富度呈显著正相关,而物种丰富度与斑块距最近大面积林地的距离之间无显著相关性。研究表明,两城市鸟类群落多样性都表现出郊区高于城区的特点,少数优势种(如白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis)占据了城市中的主要生态位。受城市化的影响,海口郊区与城区鸟类群落有同质化的趋势。鸟类在城区和郊区斑块间的高流动性、种间竞争和斑块中资源的可利用性等因素可能导致斑块间鸟类群落的反嵌套分布格局。我们建议应加强城区和郊区鸟类的保护,减少对林地的破坏,提高城市鸟类多样性。

海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系

海南苏铁(Cycas hainanensis)是古老的苏铁属植物,为国家Ⅰ级重点保护植物,也是IUCN红色名录的濒危物种。为研究海南苏铁在海南昌江保梅岭省级自然保护区的种群结构与森林郁闭度的关系,本文通过样方法对海南苏铁种群及其所在群落进行调查,分析了其群落结构和物种多样性,以及其种群密度、年龄结构、存活曲线、空间分布格局与森林郁闭度的关系。结果表明:海南苏铁所在群落垂直结构分为乔木上下2层、灌木层和草本层。海南苏铁所在群落物种多样性指数偏高,群落内物种组成丰富;各样方内海南苏铁数量分布不均,经常群生于海拔500m左右的林下、林缘间。海南苏铁种群结构属于增长型,种群更新力强,种群存活曲线趋近于Deevey-II型,死亡率随着龄级增加而增加,说明海南苏铁种群处于相对稳定的状态,随着种群个体的生长发育,其生存力逐渐下降;海南苏铁种群空间分布格局呈聚集型,聚集程度指标随着林分郁闭度变大而增加。曲线估计结果显示,海南苏铁幼苗幼树在透光率36.11%–58.33%显著增加。综上所述,昌江保梅岭地区的海南苏铁种群处于较为稳定的增长状态,喜生长于海拔500 m左右、郁闭度为35%–60%的森林环境中。

An updated Vegetation Map of China(1:1000000)

Vegetation maps are important sources of information for biodiversity conservation,ecological studies,vegetation management and restoration,and national strategic decision making.The current Vegetation Map of China(1:1000000)was generated by a team of more than 250 scientists in an effort that lasted over 20 years starting in the 1980s.However,the vegetation distribution of China has experienced drastic changes during the rapid development of China in the last three decades,and it urgently needs to be updated to better represent the distribution of current vegetation types.Here,we describe the process of updating the Vegetation Map of China(1:1000000)generated in the 1980s using a‘‘crowdsourcing-change detection-classification-expert knowledge"vegetation mapping strategy.A total of 203,024 field samples were collected,and 50 taxonomists were involved in the updating process.The resulting updated map has 12 vegetation type groups,55 vegetation types/subtypes,and 866 vegetation formation/sub-formation types.The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the updated map are 64.8%and 0.52 at the vegetation type group level,61%and 0.55 at the vegetation type/subtype level and 40%and 0.38 at the vegetation formation/sub-formation level.When compared to the original map,the updated map showed that 3.3 million km^2 of vegetated areas of China have changed their vegetation type group during the past three decades due to anthropogenic activities and climatic change.We expect this updated map to benefit the understanding and management of China’s terrestrial ecosystems.

Pembrolizumab combined with lenvatinib as non-first-line therapy in patients with refractory biliary tract carcinoma

Background:A therapeutic strategy involving combined treatment with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab(LEP)has demonstrated a relatively high antitumor response in several solid tumors;however,the efficacy and safety of LEP in patients with refractory bile tract carcinoma(BTC)remains unknown.Methods:This is a single-arm study for a preliminary assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of LEP in patients who experienced progression from prior systemic treatments.Pre-treatment tumor tissues were collected to retrospectively evaluate the expression status of PDL1.Results:Thirty-two patients received second-line and above treatment with LEP.Overall,the objective response rate(ORR)was 25%,the disease control rate(DCR)was 78.1%,and the clinical benefit rate(CBR)was 40.5%.The median progression-free survival(PFS)was 4.9 months(95%CI:4.7–5.2 months),and the median overall survival(OS)was 11.0 months(95%CI:9.6–12.3 months).For tolerability,no grade 5 serious adverse events(AEs)were reported.All patients had any-grade AEs,and 59.3%of the patients experienced grade 3 AEs,while only 1 patient experienced a grade 4 AE of stomach bleeding.Fatigue was the most common AE,followed by hypertension and elevated aminotransferase levels.Retrospective analysis for PDL1 expression revealed that PDL1 positive tumor cells were associated with improved clinical benefits and survival outcomes.Conclusions:LEP is a promising alternative as a non-first-line therapeutic regimen for patients with refractory BTC.Furthermore,well-designed prospective clinical trials with a control arm are still needed to obtain more evidences to confirm the efficacy and safety of this particular regimen as well as the role of PDL1 expression.

纳米零价铁对水溶液中钒离子的吸附性能

采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁(nZVI),采用PXRD,SEM,TEM,BET(N2吸脱附)和XPS等表征材料性能,考察了纳米零价铁用量、初始钒(V)浓度和初始pH对纳米零价铁吸附钒(V)性能的影响,测定了纳米零价铁对钒(V)的吸附等温线和吸附动力学曲线.结果表明,制备的纳米零价铁具有典型的核-壳结构,粒径为10~30nm,BET比表面积为53m^2/g.纳米零价铁对钒(V)的吸附容量随纳米零价铁用量和初始pH增大而减小.25℃时的平衡吸附容量为227.8mg/g.Langmuir等温线方程可很好拟合纳米零价铁对钒(V)的吸附,纳米零价铁对钒(V)的吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学模型.