Probing signals of atmospheric gravity waves excited by the July 29,2021 M_(W)8.2 Alaska earthquake

It is commonly believed that the atmosphere is decoupled from the solid Earth.Thus,it is difficult for the seismic wave energy inside the Earth to propagate into the atmosphere,and atmospheric pressure wave signals excited by earthquakes are unlikely to exist in atmospheric observations.An increasing number of studies have shown that earthquakes,volcanoes,and tsunamis can perturb the Earth's atmosphere due to various coupling effects.However,the observations mainly focus on acoustic waves with periods of less than 10 min and inertial gravity waves with periods of greater than 1 h.There are almost no clear observations of gravity waves that coincide with observations of low-frequency signals of the Earth's free oscillation frequency band within 1 h.This paper investigates atmospheric gravity wave signals within1 h of surface-atmosphere observations using the periodogram method based on seismometer and microbarometer observations from the global seismic network before and after the July 29,2021 M_(w)8.2 Alaska earthquake in the United States.The numerical results show that the atmospheric gravity wave signals with frequencies similar to those of the Earth's free oscillations _(0)S_(2) and _(0)T_(2) can be detected in the microbaro meter observations.The results con firm the existence of atmospheric gravity waves,indicating that the atmosphere and the solid Earth are not decoupled within this frequency band and that seismic wave energy excited by earthquakes can propagate from the interior of the Earth to the atmosphere and enhance the atmospheric gravity wave signals within 1 h.

Impact of Air Pollutants on Lung Function and Inflammatory Response in Asthma in Shanghai

Objective Air pollution is a leading public health issue.This study investigated the effect of air quality and pollutants on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma in Shanghai.Methods The study monitored 27 asthma outpatients for a year,collecting data on weather,patient self-management[daily asthma diary,peak expiratory flow(PEF)monitoring,medication usage],spirometry and serum markers.To explore the potential mechanisms of any effects,asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin(OVA)were exposed to PM_(2.5).Results Statistical and correlational analyses revealed that air pollutants have both acute and chronic effects on asthma.Acute exposure showed a correlation between PEF and levels of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)).Chronic exposure indicated that interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-13(IL-13)levels correlated with PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations.In asthmatic mouse models,exposure to PM_(2.5)increased cytokine levels and worsened lung function.Additionally,PM_(2.5)exposure inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation pathways.Conclusion Ambient air pollutants exacerbate asthma by worsening lung function and enhancing Th2-mediated inflammation.Specifically,PM_(2.5)significantly contributes to these adverse effects.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM_(2.5)impacts asthma.

Multi‑omics reveals that the host‑microbiome metabolism crosstalk of differential rumen bacterial enterotypes can regulate the milk protein synthesis of dairy cows

Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group could inhibit the energy supply of serum tryptophan to MPY by milk S-lactoylglutathione,which could enhance pyruvate metabolism.Norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could increase the ruminal L-tyrosine,which could provide the substrate for MPY.Conclusion Our results indicated that the represented enterotype genera of Prevotella and Ruminococcus,and the hub genera of[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could regulate milk protein synthesis by affecting the ruminal L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Moreover,the combined analysis of enterotype,WGCNA and SEM could be used to connect rumen microbial metabolism with host metabolism,which provides a fundamental understanding of the crosstalk between host and microorganisms in regulating the synthesis of milk composition.

A review of tidal triggering of global earthquakes

Earthquake prediction remains a challenging and difficult task for scientists all over the world.The tidal triggering of earthquakes is being proven by an increasing number of investigations,most of which have shown that earthquakes are positively correlated with tides,and thus,tides provide a potential tool for earthquake prediction,especially for imminent earthquakes.In this study,publications concerning the tidal triggering of earthquakes were compiled and analyzed with regard to global earthquakes,which were classified into three main types:tectonic,volcanic,and slow earthquakes.The results reveal a high correlation between tectonic earthquakes and tides(mainly for semidiurnal and diurnal tides;14-day tides) before and after the occurrence of significant earthquakes.For volcanic earthquakes,observations of volcanoes on the seafloor and land indicate that volcanic earthquakes in near-shore volcanic areas and mid-ocean ridges have a strong correlation with tidal forces,mostly those with semidiurnal and diurnal periods.For slow earthquakes,the periodicity of the tremor duration is highly correlated with semidiurnal and diurnal tides.In conclusion,the tidal triggering of these three types of earthquakes makes a positive contribution to earthquake preparation and understanding the triggering mechanism,and thus,the prediction of these types of earthquakes should be investigated.However,there are still several inadequacies on this topic that need to be resolved to gain a definitiveanswer regarding the tidal triggering of all earthquakes.The main inadequacies are discussed in this paper from our point of view.

自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会生态系统的启示

Ecological restoration policies and their implementation are influenced by ecological and socioeconomic drivers.Top-down approach-based spatial planning,emphasizing hierarchical control within government structures,and without a comprehensive consideration of social–ecological interactions may result in implementation failure and low efficiency.Although many researchers have indicated the necessity to engage social–ecological interactions between stakeholders in effective planning processes,socioeconomic drivers of ecological restoration on a large scale are difficult to quantify because of data scarcity and knowledge limitations.Here,we established a new ecological restoration planning approach linking a social–ecological system framework to large-scale ecological restoration planning.The new spatial planning approach integrates bottom-up approaches targeting stakeholder interests and provides social considerations for stakeholder behavior analysis.Based on this approach,a meta-analysis is introduced to recognize key socioeconomic and social–ecological factors influencing large-scale ecological restoration implementation,and a stochastic model is constructed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the behavior of authorities and participants on a large scale.We used the Yangtze River Basin-based Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program(CCFP),one of the largest payments for ecosystem service programs worldwide,to quantify the socioeconomic impacts of large-scale ecological restoration programs.Current CCFP planning without socioeconomic considerations failed to achieve large-scale program goals and showed low investment efficiency,with 19.71% of the implemented area reconverting to cropland after contract expiry.In contrast,spatial matching between planned and actual restoration increased from 61.55% to 81.86% when socioeconomic drivers were included.In addition,compared to that with the current CCFP implementation,the cost effectiveness of spatial planning with social considerations improved by 46.94%.Thus,spatial optimization planning that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in more practical and effective ecological restoration than top-down approaches alone.Our new approach incorporates socioeconomic factors into large-scale ecological restoration planning with high practicality and efficiency.

Recent Progress on Hydrogeodesy in China

Modern geodetic technologies,including high-precision ground-based gravity measurements,satellite gravimetry,satellite altimetry,Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR),offer a wealth of observations for monitoring global hydrological processes with exceptional accuracy and spatio-temporal resolutions.Mass redistribution and Earth’s surface deformation over land related to global and regional water cycling can be inferred from modern gravimetry,altimetry,GNSS,and InSAR techniques.Hydrogeodesy becomes an emerging field of geodesy aiming to analyze the changes of water in the Earth system.The paper introduces the China’s advances in hydrogeodesy in recent years.It brings together multiple geodetic teams’work from China,showcasing the application of modern geodetic technologies in the field of hydrology,including research on terrestrial water storage,groundwater storage,glaciers/ice sheets,and reservoir water storage.

How can the Dual-atom Catalyst FeCo-NC Surpass Singleatom Catalysts Fe-NC/Co-NC in CO_(2) RR?-CO Intermediate Assisted Promotion via a Synergistic Effect

Atomically dispersed catalysts are widely adopted in CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)due to maximal atomic utilization and high catalytic activity.Dual-atom catalysts(DACs),with more dispersed active sites and distinct electronic structures compared with single-atom catalysts(SACs),may exhibit diverse catalytic performance.Herein,the DAC FeCo-NC and SAC Fe-NC/Co-NC are employed as probes to explore DACs advantage in CO_(2)RR.Results show that the moderate interaction between the dual-atom center and N coordination balances structural stability and catalytic activity.CO is the only product on Fe-NC/Co-NC,and the high limiting potentials from−1.22 to−1.67 V inhibit further reduction.FeCo-NC assisted with CO intermediate exhibits low limiting potentials of−0.64 V for both CH_(3)OH and CH 4,comparable to those on Cu-based catalysts.Under circumstance of applied potentials,CO_(2)RR on FeCo-NC has greater advantages in yielding CH_(3)OH and CH 4 than that on Fe-NC/Co-NC,and hydrogen evolution reaction is severely inhibited.The intrinsic essence is that dual-atom center can provide large spin-polarization and multi-electron transfer capability,rendering CO intermediates as effective electronic and geometric modifiers in CO_(2)RR.This work highlights FeCo-NC as a high-performance CO_(2)RR catalyst toward deep-reduction C1 products and elucidates CO intermediate assisted promotion mechanism via a dual-atom synergistic effect.

Noise reduction and periodic signal extraction for GNSS height data in the study of vertical deformation

Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)technique has irreplaceable advantages in the continuous monitoring of surface deformation.Reducing noise to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and extract the concerned signals is of great significance.As an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition(EMD),complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)algorithm has better signal processing ability.Using the CEEMDAN algorithm,the height time series of 29GNSS stations in Chinese mainland were analyzed,and good denoising effects and extraction from periodic signals were achieved.The numerical results showed that the annual signal obtained with the CEEMDAN algorithm was significantly based on Lomb_Scargle spectrum analysis,and large differences in the long-term signals were found between the stations at different locations in Chinese mainland.With respect to data denoising,compared with the EMD and wavelet denoising algorithms,the CEEMDAN algorithm respectively improved the SNR by 29.35% and 36.54%,increased the correlation coefficient by 8.67% and 11.96%,and reduced root mean square error(RMSE)by 44.68% and 43.48%,indicating that the CEEMDAN algorithm had better denoising behavior than the other two algorithms.In addition,the results demonstrated that different denoising methods had little influence on estimating the annual vertical deformation velocity.The extraction of periodic signals showed that more components were retained by using the CEEMDAN algorithm than the EMD algorithm,which indicated that the CEEMDAN algorithm had advantages over frequency aliasing.In conclusion,the CEEMDAN algorithm was recommended for processing the GNSS height time series to analyze the vertical deformation due to its excellent features of denoising and the extraction of periodic signals.

Concentration-Dependent Effect of Nickel Ions on Amyloid Fibril Formation Kinetics of Hen Egg White Lysozyme:a Raman Spectroscopy Study

Nickel,an important transi-tion metal element,is one of the trace elements for hu-man body and has a crucial impact on life and health.Some evidences show the excess exposure to metal ions might be associated with neurological diseases.Herein,we applied Raman spectroscopy to study the Ni(II)ion effect on kinetics of amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme(HEWL)in thermal and acidic conditions.Using the well-known Raman indicators for protein tertiary and secondary structures,we monitored and analyzed the concentration effect of Ni(II)ions on the unfolding of tertiary structures and the transformation of sec-ondary structures.The experimental evidence validates the accelerator role of the metal ion in the kinetics.Notably,the additional analysis of the amide I band profile,combined with thioflavin-T fluorescence assays,clearly indicates the inhibitory effect of Ni(II)ions on the formation of amyloid fibrils with organizedβ-sheets structures.Instead,a more significant promotion influence is affirmed on the assembly into other aggregates with disordered struc-tures.The present results provide rich information about the specific metal-mediated protein fibrillation.

A review of the 19th International Symposium on geodynamics and earth tide, Wuhan 2021

Modern geodetic technologies such as high-precision ground gravity measurements,satellite gravity measurements,the global navigation satellite system,remote sensing methods,etc.provide rich observation data for monitoring various geodynamic processes of the global Earth and its surface.The 19th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tides brought together scientific researchers from 26 countries around the world,shared the application of various measurements in different geoscience issues,covering Earth tidal deformation,oceanic and atmospheric loading effects,earthquake cycle,hydrology,Earth rotation changes,etc.,and provided a precious exchange platform for global peers.

Chrysophanol inhibits the progression of gastric cancer by activating nod-like receptor protein-3

Aim:Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors.Chrysophanol has been reported to possess antitumor effects on a variety of cancers;however,its role in GC remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of chrysophanol on the proliferation,pyroptosis,migration,and invasion of GC cells.Methods:Human GC cell lines MKN 28 and AGS cells were treated with different concentrations of chrysophanol,then cell proliferation,migration,invasion and pyroptosis were determined by CCK-8,colony-forming assay,wound healing assay,Transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Cell migration and invasion were reassessed in these transfected cells following the transfection of nod-like receptor protein-3(NLRP3)siRNA in MKN 28 and AGS cells.To examine the downstream signaling pathway of the NLRP3 signaling pathway,NLRP3,caspase-1,gasdermin-D,interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-18 were detected by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction or western blotting.Results:Chrysophanol inhibited the proliferation of GC cells,caused pyroptosis,inhibited cell migration and invasion,and increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes in GC cells.Knockdown of NLRP3 inhibited the effects of chrysophanol on proliferation,pyroptosis,migration,and invasion of GC cells.Chrysophanol plays an anticancer role by enhancing NLRP3.Conclusions:Chrysophanol exerts anti-neoplastic effects in vitro in GC cells by modulating NLRP3,thus highlighting its therapeutic potential in GC.

Research Progress in Surface and Marine Gravimetry

Gravity field is the most basic physical field generated by the material properties of the Earth system.It reflects the spatial distribution,movement and change of materials determined by the interaction and dynamic process inside the Earth.Over the years,a variety of technical means have been used to detect the Earth’s gravity field and supported numerous studies on the global change,resource detection,geological structure movement,water resources change and other related fields of research.Here is part of the progress in surface and marine gravimetry obtained by Chinese geodesy scientists from 2019 to 2023 from the following aspects,including:①Continuous gravity network in Chinese mainland;②Application of superconducting gravity measurement;③Network adjustment for continental-scale gravity survey campaign and data quality control;④Regional time-variable gravity field and its application;⑤Research progress on novel technologies for gravity inversion;⑥Research progress on marine gravity field determination;⑦Application research on marine gravity field.

Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: A Comparative Study

Purpose: Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD) is a rare condition mainly associated with alcoholism, although a few non-alcoholic cases have been reported. We performed a comparative study of demographic and clinical differences between alcoholic and non-alcoholic and assessed whether any treatment can be recommended. Methods: We reviewed 157 reports containing data on 168 subjects with Alcoholic MBD (AMBD) and 23 subjects with Non-Alcoholic MBD (NAMBD). The following data were extracted: demographic characteristics;delay from the onset of symptoms to admission;MRI features;location of the corpus callosum lesions;the presence of Wernicke’s disease;drug treatment (thiamine, other vitamins and steroids);outcome. Results: The subjects with AMBD were more frequently men (84.5% vs 47.8, P = 0.000);the ones with AMBD were frequently reported as suffering from malnutrition (81.3% vs 50%, P = 0.019), whereas the NAMBD was frequently reported as suffering from diabetes mellitus (30.4% vs 7.1%, P = 0.002). The lesions in the NAMBD are often located in the splenium (47.8%), whereas single splenial lesions are seen only in 18.7% of the AMBD. 43.5% (10/23) of the NAMBD was reported to have recovered completely, whereas only 15.4% (24/156) AMBD showed a complete recovery. Conclusions: It is important to diagnose NAMBD in the early stage with MRI and to treat the symptoms with thiamine and/or corticosteroids according to aetiology. We recommend prompt treatment of MBD with parenteral thiamine in subjects associated with malnutrition, anorexia nervosa and prolonged vomiting, and reduction of food intake. Corticosteroids may aid in recovery by reducing oedema in subjects associated with diabetes mellitus.

Mesenchymal stem cells： a new strategy for immunosuppression and tissue repair

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have great potential for treating various diseases, especially those related to tissue damage involving immune reactions. Various studies have demonstrated that MSCs are strongly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo. Our recent studies have shown that un-stimulated MSCs are indeed incapable of immunosuppression; they become potently immunosuppressive upon stimulation with the supernatant of activated lymphocytes, or with combinations of IFN-γ, with TNF-α, IL-1α or IL-1β. This observation revealed that under certain circumstances, inflammatory cytokines can actually become immunosuppressive. We showed that there is a species variation in the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression： immunosuppression by cytokine-primed mouse MSCs is mediated by nitric oxide （NO）, whereas immunosuppression by cytokine-primed human MSCs is executed through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase （IDO）. Additionally, upon stimulation with the inflammatory cytokines, both mouse and human MSCs secrete several leukocyte chemokines that apparently serve to attract immune cells into the proximity with MSCs, where NO or IDO is predicted to be most active. Therefore, immunosuppression by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated MSCs occurs via the concerted action of chemokines and immune-inhibitory NO or IDO produced by MSCs. Thus, our results provide novel information about the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunosuppression and for better application of MSCs in treating tissue injuries induced by immune responses.

Changes in the gut microbiota mediate the differential regulatory effects of two glucose oxidases produced by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers

Background: Glucose oxidase(GOD), an aerobic dehydrogenase, has been used as an antibiotic substitute in feed.A study was conducted to evaluate the differential effects of 2 different GODs fermented by Aspergillus niger or Penicillium amagasakiense on caecal microbiota and to further illuminate the potential roles of changes in the gut microbiota in regulating the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.Results: A total of 420 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: the control group,the antibiotic growth promoter(AGP) supplementation group, and the GOD-A and GOD-P(GODs produced by A. niger and P. amagasakiense, respectively) groups. As a result, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense could significantly improve the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of broilers before 21 days of age by significantly increasing the enzymatic activities of jejunal amylase and those of ileal amylase, chymotrypsin, and lipase in21-day-old broilers and could increase the enzymatic activities of duodenal amylase, jejunal amylase and lipase, and ileal chymotrypsin and lipase in 42-day-old broilers. Meanwhile, compared with AGP treatment, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense significantly decreased the L value of 21-day-old broilers and the Δp H and L* value of 42-day-old broilers, while supplementation with GOD produced by A. niger significantly increased the p H24 hvalue of 21-day-old and 42-day-old broilers by reducing plasma malondialdehyde content. By using 16 S r RNA sequencing, we found that the beneficial bacteria and microbiota in broilers were not disturbed but were improved by GOD supplementation compared with ADP treatment, including the genera Eubacterium and Christensenel a and the species uncultured_Eubacterium_sp,Clostridium_asparagiforme, and uncultured_Christensenel a_sp, which were positively related to the improved intestinal digestive enzymatic activities, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.Conclusion: The altered gut microbiota induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by P. amagasakiense mediate better regulatory effects on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers than that induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by A. niger.

Identification of relevant active sites and a mechanism study for reverse water gas shift reaction over Pt/CeO_2 catalysts

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction can serve as a pivotal stage in the CO2 conversion processes, which is vital for the utilization of CO2. In this study, RWGS reaction was performed over Pt/CeO2 catalysts at the temperature range of 200-500 degrees C under ambient pressure. Compared with pure CeO2, Pt/CeO2 catalysts exhibited superior RWGS activity at lower reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the calculated TOF and E-a values are approximately the same over these Pt/CeO2 catalysts pretreated under various calcination conditions, indicating that the RWGS reaction is not affected by the morphologies of anchored Pt nanoparticles or the primary crystallinity of CeO2. TPR and XPS results indicated that the incorporation of Pt promoted the reducibility of CeO2 support and remarkably increased the content of Ce 3 + sites on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the CO TPSR-MS signal under the condition of pure CO2 flow over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst is far lower than that under the condition of adsorbed CO2 with H-2 -assisted flow, revealing that CO2 molecules adsorbed on Ce3+ active sites have difficult in generating CO directly. Meanwhile, the adsorbed CO2 with the assistance of H-2 can form formate species easily over Ce3+ active sites and then decompose into Ce3+-CO species for CO production, which was identified by in-situ FTIR. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

High rumen degradable starch decreased goat milk fat via trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis genes,particularly,INSIG1

Background:Starch is an important substance that supplies energy to ruminants.To provide sufficient energy for high-yielding dairy ruminants,they are typically fed starch-enriched diets.However,starch-enriched diets have been proven to increase the risk of milk fat depression(MFD)in dairy cows.The starch present in ruminant diets could be divided into rumen-degradable starch(RDS)and rumen escaped starch(RES)according to their different degradation sites(rumen or intestine).Goats and cows have different sensitivities to MFD.Data regarding the potential roles of RDS in milk fat synthesis in the mammary tissue of dairy goats and in regulating the occurrence of MFD are limited.Results:Eighteen Guanzhong dairy goats(day in milk=185±12 d)with similar parity,weight,and milk yield were selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups(n=6),which were fed an LRDS diet(Low RDS=20.52%),MRDS diet(Medium RDS=22.15%),or HRDS diet(High RDS=24.88%)for 5 weeks.Compared with that of the LRDS group,the milk fat contents in the MRDS and HRDS groups significantly decreased.The yields of short-,mediumand long-chain fatty acids decreased in the HRDS group.Furthermore,increased RDS significantly decreased ruminal B.fibrisolvens and Pseudobutyrivibrio abundances and increased the trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)and trans-10 C18:1 contents in the rumen fluid.A multiomics study revealed that the HRDS diet affected mammary lipid metabolism down-regulation of ACSS2,MVD,AGPS,SCD5,FADS2,CERCAM,SC5D,HSD17B7,HSD17B12,ATM,TP53RK,GDF1 and LOC102177400.Remarkably,the significant decrease of INSIG1,whose expression was depressed by trans-10,cis-12 CLA,could reduce the activity of SREBP and,consequently,downregulate the downstream gene expression of SREBF1.Conclusions:HRDS-induced goat MFD resulted from the downregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis,particularly,INSIG1.Specifically,even though the total starch content and the concentrate-to-fiber ratio were the same as those of the high-RDS diet,the low and medium RDS diets did not cause MFD in lactating goats.

A functional hyperbranched binder enabling ultra-stable sulfur cathode for high-performance lithium-sulfur battery

Binders are of vital importance in stabilizing the cathodes to enhance the cycling stability of lithiumsulfur(Li-S) batteries. However, conventional binders are typically confronted with the drawback of inability for adsorbing lithium polysulfide(Li PS), thus resulting in severe active material losing and rapid capacity fading. Herein, a novel water-soluble hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)(HPAA) binder with controllable hyperbranched molecular structure and abundant amino end groups for Li-S battery is designed and fabricated, which can improve efficient adsorption for Li PS and stability of the sulfur cathodes. Besides, the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds in HPAA binder can contribute to the structural stability of S cathode and integration of the conductive paths. Therefore, the Li-S battery with this functional binder exhibits excellent cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91% after 200 cycles at 0.1 C.Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.3 mg cm-2, a specific capacity of 601 mA h g-1 can also be achieved.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation further demonstrates that the enhanced electrochemical stability derives from the high binding energy between amino groups and LiP S and the wide electrochemical window(6.87 e V) of HPAA molecule. Based on the above all, this functional polymer will lighten a new species of binders for eco-friendly sulfur cathodes and significantly promote the practical applications of high-performance Li-S batteries.

Design of large-displacement asymmetric piezoelectric microgripper based on flexible mechanisms

The output displacement of the traditional symmetrical microgripper is large,but its micro-components or parts are easily damaged due to the uneven force exerted on the left and right jaws of the gripper.The output force of the traditional asymmetric microgripper is stable.However,its output displacement is small,typically half the output displacement of the symmetric microgripper.To solve these problems,in this study,we designed a large-displacement asymmetric microgripper.First,we calculated the relationship between the theoretical input and output variables based on their geometric relationship.Then,we analyzed the performance of the microgripper using finite element software.Lastly,we used a piezoelectric actuator as the input driver of the microgripper.The errors associated with the theoretical and simulated output displacements were 7.05%and 9.24%,respectively.At 150 V of driving voltage,the maximum output displacement was 224μm,and the actual magnificationwas 11.2 times.Microparts can be gripped in parallel and stably,which confirms the validity of the design.

我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的生成机制分析:教育的传导作用究竟几何?

收入分配机会不平等问题备受学界关注,本文从教育中介视角分析我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的生成机制。基于Roemer的机会平等理论分析框架及分位数回归方法,使用2013年中国家庭收入调查数据,研究结果表明:(1)我国城镇居民收入分配机会不平等的相对比重约为17.57%,该比重存在较为明显的年龄和性别异质性,且机会不平等在收入分布中具有“左尾”偏向性;(2)收入分配机会不平等通过教育传导的比例约为12.24%,在女性群体中这一比例更高,接近所有传导渠道总和的1/4,通过教育渠道对城镇居民收入分配差距的影响也存在明显的“左尾”偏向性;(3)在教育传导渠道中,教育数量和教育质量所占比重分别为71.60%和28.40%,且在较低收入群体中,教育质量因素所占比重相对更高。本文的政策含义如下:促进社会公平正义需以降低收入分配的机会不平等为目标导向,重要举措之一便是在提高教育回报率的同时降低居民教育获得的机会不平等程度。