Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKBa activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa B,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

Femtosecond laser fabrication of 3D vertically aligned micro-pore network on thick-film Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)electrode for high-performance lithium storage

The development of energy storage devices with high energy density relies heavily on thick film electrodes,but it is challenging due to the limited ion transport kinetics inherent in thick electrodes.Here,we report on the preparation of a directional vertical array of micro-porous transport networks on LTO electrodes using a femtosecond laser processing strategy,enabling directional ion rapid transport and achieving good electrochemical performance in thick film electrodes.Various three-dimensional(3D)vertically aligned micro-pore networks are innovatively designed,and the structure,kinetics characteristics,and electrochemical performance of the prepared ion transport channels are analyzed and discussed by multiple characterization and testing methods.Furthermore,the rational mechanisms of electrode performance improvement are studied experimentally and simulated from two aspects of structural mechanics and transmission kinetics.The ion diffusion coefficient,rate performance at 60 C,and electrode interface area of the laser-optimized 60-15%micro-porous transport network electrodes increase by 25.2 times,2.2 times,and 2.15 times,respectively than those of untreated electrodes.Therefore,the preparation of 3D micro-porous transport networks by femtosecond laser on ultra-thick electrodes is a feasible way to develop high-energy batteries.In addition,the unique micro-porous transport network structure can be widely extended to design and explore other high-performance energy materials.

Morphological characteristics and atomic evolution behavior of nanojoints in Ag nanowire interconnect network

Ag nanowires(AgNWs)have shown great application value in the field of flexible electronics due to their excellent optical and electrical properties,and the quality of its joints of AgNWs in the thin film network directly plays a key role in its performance.In order to further improve the joint quality of AgNWs under thermal excitation,the thermal welding process and atomic evolution behavior of AgNWs were investigated through a combination of in situ experimental and molecular dynamics simulations.The influence of processing time,temperature,and stress distribution due to spatial arrangement on nanojoints was systematically explored.What is more,the failure mechanisms and their atomic interface behavior of the nanojoints were also investigated.

A Universal Strategy For N-Doped 2D Carbon Nanosheets With Sub-Nanometer Micropore For High-Performance Supercapacitor

Preparing carbon nanosheets with precise control of open porous morphology via universal process and understanding the relationship between structure and capacitive performance are very urgent for achieving advanced supercapacitors.Herein,we propose a simple yet effective additive-free method to transform a bulk layered potassium phthalimide salt to novel nitrogen-doped twodimensional carbon sheets by self-activation during calcination.The obtained samples showed large-sized and flat structure with lateral size around 10μm,uniform sub-nanometer micropore size distribution of about 0.65 nm dimension,large specific surface area up to 2276.7 m^(2)g^(-1),and suitable nitrogen doping.Benefited from these merits,the optimized sample delivers a high specific capacitance of 345 F g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)and retains 270 F g^(-1)even at 50 A g^(-1)in6.0 M KOH electrolyte.Remarkably,the symmetric supercapacitor shows maximum energy densities of 16.43 Wh kg^(-1)and 23.6 Wh kg^(-1)in 6.0 M KOH and 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolytes,respectively.Importantly,on account the universality and simplicity of this method,the undoped as-prepared carbon sheet with uniform sub-nanometer micropore distribution can be synthesized from different potassium-containing salts with layered structure,which can be employed as a model for a deep understanding the effect of sub-nanometer micropores on capacitive performances.We find the number of micropores centered at 0.65 nm can be applied as one indicator to clarify the correlation between capacitance and critical pore size below 1 nm.

Biomimetic Synthesis of Ear-of-wheat-shaped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes for High-capacity Lithium Storage

Manganese oxide(Mn_(3)O_(4))is of great potential for lithium storage based on conversion reactions,but its application in rechargeable lithium batteries is severely hindered by the low electric conductivity and large volume variation during lithiation/delithiation.Herein,a biomimetic ear-of-wheat-like nanocomposite of ultrafine Mn_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles(MONPs)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)is prepared using a facile solvothermal method.The tightly packed MONP"cereal-grains"are directly grown and uniformly interspersed on the outer surface of skeleton MWCNT"central stems."The ultrafine MONPs are favorable to lithium incorporation/extraction while the interconnected MWCNT skeletons provide a highly conducting network for electron transportation.Consequently,a high reversible capacity of 810 m A h g^(-1)is obtained at the current density of 40 m A g^(-1).After 50 cycles at 160 m A g^(-1),the nanocomposite still delivers a capacity up to 796 m A h g^(-1),which is higher than twice of that of pure Mn_(3)O_(4)nanopowders.The unique nanostructure and the facile biomimetic method can be widely extended to design and explore various highperformance energy materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries and fuel cells.

Preliminary Investigation and Analysis of Alien Pests at Panjin Port

[Objective] The paper was to understand the current situation of alien species at Panjin port,and provide the reference basis for the de-velopment,construction and management of Panjin port.[Method] The species,life forms and habitats,place of origin and invasion mode of alien pests at Panjin port were studied by the way of route survey,combined with literatures and molecular biology methods.[Result] A total of 137 species of weeds and insects were preliminarily identified at Panjin port.There were 84 species of weeds belonging to 25 families,39 of which were alien species and 3 were quarantine weeds.There were 56 species of insects belonging to 30 families,all of which were native to China.(i) There were 29 species of Compositae weeds,accounting for 35.8% of the total.(ii) Weeds were mainly annual and biennial.(iii) There were 24 species of weeds native to America,accounting for 61.5% of the total;followed by those native to Europe,with a total of 12 species,accounting for 30.8%.(iv) Weeds had poor growth,so there was no invasion,and they can be eradicated once discovered.[Conclusion] In the newly opened grain berths at Panjin port,it is suggested that all departments strictly check the pass,strengthen supervision and monitoring,scientifically introduce seeds,strengthen public education,raise public awareness,and improve the control system of alien pests.

Notch 1 and NF-κB Expression and Clinical Correlation in Chinese Patients with Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL) is commonly associated with Notch 1 mutations. There is limited data on the relationship between Notch l and NF-κB expression and clinical features in LBL. We evaluated the expression of Notch l and NF-κB in LBL using immunohistochemistry and analyzed their relationship with clinical characteristics, treatment results, and survival. From October 2000 to August 2008, 34 untreated patients with LBL were enrolled in the study. Median age was 11.8 years (range, 1 - 25 years). Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with T-LBL and 9 patients with B-LBL. Most patients received chemotherapy consisting of modified ALL-BFM- 90. Notch l showed high expression in 68% of T-LBL and low expression in 100% of B-LBL (p = 0.015). High expression of Notch l positively correlated with presence of a mediastinal mass but not with 5-year event free survival (EFS) in T-LBL. NF-κB showed high expression in 65% of all patients with LBL, with no difference between T- and B-LBL. NF-κB expression was higher in T-LBL patients with bulky disease and B symptom;it did not correlate with 5-year EFS in T-LBL. Expression of Notch 1 and NF-κB strongly correlated (p = 0.014) in T-LBL. Notch 1 is highly ex- pressed in T-LBL. NF-κB is highly expressed in all patients with LBL with no difference between T-LBL and B-LBL. Notch 1 expression was significantly associated with NF-κB expression in T-LBL. Notch l and NF-κB may play an important role in the development of T-LBL;further investigation is warranted.

非随机分布式大数据的稳健回归及其在非凸惩罚学习中的应用

大数据的分布式统计学习引起了人们的广泛关注.已有方法存在两个显著问题.首先,它们都要求大数据以随机的方式存储在不同机器上,而这一点在实际中很难满足.其次,它们大都基于最小二乘,对重尾误差和异常值很敏感.为了解决这些问题,本文提出一个稳健的分布式众数回归,并且将其应用到非凸惩罚变量选择中.新方法克服了已有方法所需要的非随机分布假定,而且理论结果也证实了这个论断.随机模拟和实际数据分析也展示了新方法的良好表现.

Safety and clinical efficacy of sintilimab (anti-PD-1) in pediatric patients with advanced or recurrent malignancies in a phase I study

The aim of this phase I study is to evaluate,for the first time,the safety and efficacy of sintilimab in pediatric patients diagnosed with advanced or recurrent malignancies.During the dose escalation phase,patients received a single intravenous infusion of sintilimab at varying doses of 1,3,and 10 mg/kg.The primary endpoints included the identification of dose-limiting toxicities(DLTs)as well as the evaluation of safety and tolerance.Secondary endpoints focused on assessing objective response rate(ORR),progression-free survival(PFS),and overall survival(OS).A total of 29 patients were enrolled,including 10 individuals diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)and 19 patients with various other tumor categories.Notably,diverse pathological types such as thymoma,choroid plexus carcinoma,and NK/T-cell lymphoma were also included in the study cohort.By the safety data cutoff,most adverse events were grade 1 or 2,with grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events(TRAE)occurring in 10%of patients.Among the 27 evaluated subjects,four achieved confirmed complete response(CR)while seven patients exhibited confirmed partial response(PR).Additionally,seven patients maintained disease(SD)during the study period.Notably,sintilimab demonstrated remarkable tolerability without DLTs and exhibited promising anti-tumor effects in pediatric HL.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted in 15 patients to assess the mutational landscape and copy number variation(CNV)status.The completion of this phase I study establishes the foundation for potential combination regimens involving sintilimab in childhood cancer treatment.The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04400851.

Reversible Insertion of CO_(2)into a Bis(formazanate)Magnesium Complex

The capture,storage,and release of CO_(2)is one of the most pressing issues in chemistry.Herein,we designed bis(formazanate)magnesium complexes as precursors,which were synthesized by straightforward transamination between the neutral formazan[PhNNC(4-tBuPh)NNHPh](LH)and[Mg{N(SiMe_(3))_(2)}_(2)].Depending on the solvent,either the homoleptic complex[L_(2)Mg]or the thf-coordinated complex[L_(2)Mg(thf)]was isolated.Reaction of the solvent-free complex[L_(2)Mg]with CO_(2)led to stoichiometric insertion into one of the four Mg–Nbonds with concomitant rearrangement of the ligand scaffold which adopts a trinuclear cagelike structure.The insertion reaction is reversible depending on thermolysis or treatment with tetrahydrofuran,which is corroborated by density functional theory calculations.This showcases the first example of reversible uptake of CO_(2)by an s-block coordination compound.

基于众数回归的纵向数据部分线性模型的稳健经验似然及变量选择

众数回归具有稳健性和估计效率高的优势,在某些情形下可以替代均值回归.针对带有高维协变量的纵向数据部分线性模型,本文基于众数回归提出了稳健的经验似然及惩罚的高维众数回归经验似然变量选择方法.新方法能够利用纵向数据的组内相关性,而且继承了众数回归在稳健性和估计效率方面的优势.基于一些较弱的条件,本文在协变量维数趋于无穷大的高维框架下建立了方法的大样本性质.随机模拟和实际数据分析也验证了方法在有限样本时的表现.

Molecular toxicity of earthworms induced by cadmium contaminated soil and biomarkers screening

Earthworms （Eiseniafetida） were used to study the impact of low-dose cadmium in treated artificial soil （0, 0.6, 3, 6, 15, 30 mg/kg） and contaminated natural soil （1.46 mg/kg）. The changes of earthworms＇ physiological related gene expressions of metallothionein （MT）, armetocin, calreticulin and antimicrobial peptides were detected using real-time PCR after a 70-day incubation period. The results showed that low doses of cadmium could up regulate earthworms＇ MT and down regulate annetocin gene expression and show a significant positive and negative correlation respectively. The expression of two other genes, calreticulin and anti-microbial peptides, was induced at low doses of cadmium （highest gene expression at 0.6 mg/kg for calreticulin and 6 mg/kg for anti-microbial peptides） and inhibited at high doses. No significant correlation was found for these two genes. This study shows that MT and annetocin genes expression found in earthworms in contaminated soil have the potential to be developed as biomarkers of soil cadmium pollution.

Challenges and opportunities for managing pediatric central nervous system tumors in China

Central nervous system(CNS)tumors represent the most deadly cancer in pediatric age group.In China,thousands of children are diagnosed with CNS tumors every year.Despite the improving socioeconomic status and availability of medical expertise within the country,unique challenges remain for the delivery of pediatric neuro-oncology service.In this review,we discuss the existing hurdles for improving the outcome of children with CNS tumors in China.Need for precise disease burden estimation,lack of intra-and inter-hospital collaborative networks,high probability of treatment abandonment,along with financial toxicities from treatment represent the key challenges that Chinese healthcare providers encounter.The tremendous opportunities for advancing the status of pediatric neuro-oncology care in and beyond the country are explored.

Outcomes of Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia in Chinese children

Importance Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and Burkitt leukemia behave aggressively.Thus far,there are limited data concerning survival and toxicity in Chinese children with Burkitt lymphoma or Burkitt leukemia who have undergone treatment with the non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-90/95(NHL-BFM-90/95)protocol.Objective To analyze outcomes and toxicity in pediatric patients who exhibit Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia following treatment with the NHL-BFM-90/95 protocol.Methods Patients aged<18 years with bone marrow involvement/leukemia who were treated with the NHL-BFM-90/95 protocol,with or without rituximab,in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center from April 2004 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective analysis.Results Twenty-five patients were eligible.Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and Burkitt leukemia were present in 10 and 15 patients,respectively.Central nervous system infiltration was not observed in any patients.All patients underwent chemotherapy involving NHL-BFM-90/95 protocol.Six courses of treatment were administered to each patient(v-AA-BB-CC-AA-BB-CC).The BFM-90/95 plus rituximab protocol was administered to 13 patients.The median follow-up interval was 31.9 months(range,2.5–158 months).Of the 25 patients,four died:three died of tumor progression and one died of therapy abandonment after relief of tumor lysis syndrome.The estimated 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were both 85.8%±5.0%.Interpretation Chinese pediatric patients who exhibit Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia can achieve optimal treatment outcomes and exhibit good tolerance when using the NHL-BFM-90/95 protocol.

Preparation and evaluation of Zr-β-FeOOH for efficient arsenic removal

A Zr-β-FeOOH adsorbent for both As（Ⅴ） and As（Ⅲ） removal was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. Compared with β-FeOOH, the addition of Zr enhanced the adsorption capacities for As（Ⅴ） and As（Ⅲ）, especially As（Ⅲ）. The maximum adsorption capacities for As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） were 120 and 60 mg/g respectively at pH 7.0, much higher than for many reported adsorbents. The adsorption data accorded with Freundlich isotherms. At neutral pH, for As（Ⅴ）, adsorption equilibrium was approached after 3 hr, while for As（Ⅲ）, adsorption equilibrium was approached after 5 hr. Kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo second-order reaction model. As（Ⅴ） elimination was favored at acidic pH, whereas the adsorption of As（Ⅲ） by Zr-β-FeOOH was found to be effective over a wide pH range of 4-10. Competitive anions hindered the adsorption according to the sequence： phosphate 〉 silicate 〉 bicarbonate 〉 sulfate 〉 nitrate, while Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ increased the removal of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） slightly. The high adsorption capability and good performance in other aspects make Zr-β-FeOOH a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of both As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） from water.

Preparation and properties of a silver particle-coated and 1-dodecanethiol-modified superhydrophobic melamine sponge for oil/water separation

A Ag particle-coated and 1-dodecanethiolmodified melamine sponge(Ag-DDT-MS)was prepared through surface roughness by coating silver particles and subsequent grafting of a hydrophobic long hydrocarbon chain.Superhydrophobic and 3D porous Ag-DDT-MS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction.The water contact angle of Ag-DDT-MS reached 159.2°.Ag-DDT-MS exhibited excellent absorption capacity for high viscous oils and organic solvents,ranging from 42.8 to 105.2 g∙g−1.The absorbed oils can be easily collected by the mechanical pressing process,and the oil recovery rate was satisfactory,more than 90%after 20 recycles.Ag-DDT-MS material also demonstrated good stability and excellent compressionrecovery ability,keeping 88.6%of the initial height after ten compression-release cycles.

Forging a Cage into a Chain:Stepwise Transformation of P_(4) by Silylenes to a Si_(3)P_(4) Motif

We have discovered a route to access the longest low-valent molecular silaphospha-chain,a sevenmembered chain structure that incorporates three silicon and four phosphorus atoms by stepwise activation of white phosphorus(P_(4))using two different silylene precursors.The chain species was formed via a highly reactive polyphosphide intermediate.The isolation of a stable analogue of this reaction intermediate was achieved by stepwise reaction with mono and bis(silylenes).Due to the rigidity of the ferrocenediyl framework of the bis(silylene),the isomerization process of the chain structure was hampered.Theoretical studies such as natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules analyses of the seven-membered chain species indicated some degree of delocalization of the double bond system.